10-Q
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026
OR
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from ___ to ___
Commission File Number: 001-42364
CeriBell, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
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Delaware |
47-1785452 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
360 N. Pastoria Avenue Sunnyvale, CA |
94085 |
(Address of principal executive offices) |
(Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (800) 436-0826
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of each class |
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Trading Symbol(s) |
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share |
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CBLL |
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The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large accelerated filer |
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Accelerated filer |
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Non-accelerated filer |
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☒ |
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Smaller reporting company |
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Emerging growth company |
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of August 6, 2026, the registrant had 38,378,101 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our strategy, future financial condition, future operations, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management, and expected market growth, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “shall,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “goal,” “objective,” “seeks,” “likely,” “ongoing,” “assumes,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “hope,” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans, or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about:
•our ability to attract and retain customers;
•our expectations concerning orders for our products and utilization by existing customers;
•our expectations regarding the potential market size for our products;
•our ability to maintain our competitive technological advantages;
•our plans to develop and release new features for the Ceribell System;
•our plans to expand into new indications;
•our intentions to pursue adjacent and international markets;
•our ability to continue improving our product and technology, including our AI-powered algorithm;
•our commercialization and marketing capabilities and strategies;
•the implementation of our business model and strategic plans for our business and products and technology;
•our relationships with, and the capabilities of, our component manufacturers and suppliers;
•the scope of protection we are able to establish and maintain for intellectual property rights covering our products;
•our ability to effectively manage our growth;
•our expectations regarding the time during which we will be an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”);
•estimates of our expenses, future revenue, capital requirements, our needs for additional financing, and our ability to obtain additional capital; and
•our future financial performance.
We caution you that the foregoing list does not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q primarily on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance, or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur at all. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The results, events, and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events, or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our
forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, or investments we may make.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and you are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.
You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and have filed as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q by these cautionary statements.
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
CeriBell, Inc.
Condensed Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(unaudited)
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June 30, |
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December 31, |
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2026 |
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2025 |
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Assets |
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Current assets |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
32,663 |
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$ |
40,476 |
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Marketable securities |
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96,598 |
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118,785 |
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Accounts receivable, net |
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15,995 |
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15,053 |
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Inventory |
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6,737 |
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7,288 |
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Contract costs, current |
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2,196 |
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2,210 |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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3,658 |
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2,906 |
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Total current assets |
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157,847 |
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186,718 |
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Property and equipment, net |
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1,760 |
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2,030 |
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Operating lease right-of-use assets |
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1,781 |
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2,296 |
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Contract costs, long-term |
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1,540 |
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1,847 |
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Other non-current assets |
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3,420 |
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2,912 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
166,348 |
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$ |
195,803 |
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Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
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Current liabilities |
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Accounts payable |
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$ |
3,185 |
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$ |
2,838 |
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Accrued liabilities |
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12,481 |
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14,328 |
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Contract liabilities, current |
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11 |
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101 |
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Operating lease liability, current |
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1,180 |
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1,105 |
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Other current liabilities |
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343 |
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818 |
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Total current liabilities |
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17,200 |
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19,190 |
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Long-term liabilities |
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Notes payable, long-term |
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19,981 |
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19,811 |
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Other liabilities, long-term |
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106 |
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106 |
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Operating lease liability, long-term |
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748 |
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1,360 |
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Total long-term liabilities |
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20,835 |
|
|
|
21,277 |
|
Total liabilities |
|
$ |
38,035 |
|
|
$ |
40,467 |
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’ equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorized shares: 10,000,000 as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued and outstanding shares: none as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Common stock, $0.001 par value; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorized shares: 500,000,000 as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued and outstanding shares: 38,223,221 and 37,485,124 as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively |
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
|
387,727 |
|
|
|
375,495 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
|
|
(92 |
) |
|
|
159 |
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
|
(259,361 |
) |
|
|
(220,356 |
) |
Total stockholders’ equity |
|
|
128,313 |
|
|
|
155,336 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
|
$ |
166,348 |
|
|
$ |
195,803 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
CeriBell, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product revenue |
$ |
21,241 |
|
|
$ |
15,923 |
|
|
$ |
41,431 |
|
|
$ |
31,531 |
|
Subscription revenue |
|
6,856 |
|
|
|
5,276 |
|
|
|
13,160 |
|
|
|
10,159 |
|
Total revenue |
|
28,097 |
|
|
|
21,199 |
|
|
|
54,591 |
|
|
|
41,690 |
|
Cost of revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product cost of goods sold |
|
1,830 |
|
|
|
2,351 |
|
|
|
4,898 |
|
|
|
4,711 |
|
Subscription cost of revenue |
|
329 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
633 |
|
|
|
290 |
|
Total cost of revenue |
|
2,159 |
|
|
|
2,517 |
|
|
|
5,531 |
|
|
|
5,001 |
|
Gross profit |
|
25,938 |
|
|
|
18,682 |
|
|
|
49,060 |
|
|
|
36,689 |
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development |
|
6,747 |
|
|
|
4,852 |
|
|
|
12,908 |
|
|
|
9,098 |
|
Sales and marketing |
|
24,415 |
|
|
|
17,422 |
|
|
|
46,805 |
|
|
|
35,455 |
|
General and administrative |
|
14,757 |
|
|
|
11,360 |
|
|
|
30,073 |
|
|
|
21,295 |
|
Total operating expenses |
|
45,919 |
|
|
|
33,634 |
|
|
|
89,786 |
|
|
|
65,848 |
|
Loss from operations |
|
(19,981 |
) |
|
|
(14,952 |
) |
|
|
(40,726 |
) |
|
|
(29,159 |
) |
Interest expense |
|
(438 |
) |
|
|
(477 |
) |
|
|
(872 |
) |
|
|
(948 |
) |
Other income, net |
|
1,151 |
|
|
|
1,786 |
|
|
|
2,593 |
|
|
|
3,687 |
|
Loss before provision for income taxes |
|
(19,268 |
) |
|
|
(13,643 |
) |
|
|
(39,005 |
) |
|
|
(26,420 |
) |
Provision for income tax expense |
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Net loss |
$ |
(19,268 |
) |
|
$ |
(13,643 |
) |
|
$ |
(39,005 |
) |
|
$ |
(26,420 |
) |
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted |
|
(0.51 |
) |
|
|
(0.38 |
) |
|
|
(1.03 |
) |
|
|
(0.73 |
) |
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted |
|
38,031,928 |
|
|
|
36,293,559 |
|
|
|
37,848,625 |
|
|
|
36,088,433 |
|
Other comprehensive loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities |
$ |
(110 |
) |
|
$ |
11 |
|
|
$ |
(251 |
) |
|
$ |
5 |
|
Comprehensive loss |
$ |
(19,378 |
) |
|
$ |
(13,632 |
) |
|
$ |
(39,256 |
) |
|
$ |
(26,415 |
) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
CeriBell, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock |
|
|
Additional Paid-in- |
|
|
Accumulated Other Comprehensive |
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
Total Stockholders' |
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Par Value |
|
|
Capital |
|
|
Income (Loss) |
|
|
Deficit |
|
|
Equity |
|
Balance December 31, 2025 |
|
|
37,485,124 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
$ |
375,495 |
|
|
$ |
159 |
|
|
$ |
(220,356 |
) |
|
$ |
155,336 |
|
Issuance of restricted stock awards |
|
|
96,073 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Issuance of common stock |
|
|
278,483 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,632 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,632 |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3,723 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3,723 |
|
Net loss |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(19,737 |
) |
|
|
(19,737 |
) |
Other comprehensive loss |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(141 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(141 |
) |
Balance March 31, 2026 |
|
|
37,859,680 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
$ |
380,850 |
|
|
$ |
18 |
|
|
$ |
(240,093 |
) |
|
$ |
140,813 |
|
Issuance of restricted stock awards |
|
|
204,451 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Issuance of common stock |
|
|
159,090 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
879 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
880 |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
5,998 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
5,998 |
|
Net loss |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(19,268 |
) |
|
|
(19,268 |
) |
Other comprehensive loss |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(110 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(110 |
) |
Balance June 30, 2026 |
|
|
38,223,221 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
$ |
387,727 |
|
|
$ |
(92 |
) |
|
$ |
(259,361 |
) |
|
$ |
128,313 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock |
|
|
Additional Paid-in- |
|
|
Accumulated Other Comprehensive |
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
Total Stockholders' |
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Par Value |
|
|
Capital |
|
|
Income (Loss) |
|
|
Deficit |
|
|
Equity |
|
Balance December 31, 2024 |
|
|
35,850,606 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
$ |
358,073 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(166,944 |
) |
|
$ |
191,165 |
|
Issuance of restricted stock awards |
|
|
12,468 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Shares withheld for taxes |
|
|
(4,303 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises |
|
|
38,291 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
251 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
251 |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,348 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,348 |
|
Net loss |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(12,777 |
) |
|
|
(12,777 |
) |
Other comprehensive loss |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
Balance March 31, 2025 |
|
|
35,897,062 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
$ |
360,572 |
|
|
$ |
(6 |
) |
|
$ |
(179,721 |
) |
|
$ |
180,881 |
|
Issuance of restricted stock awards |
|
|
48,215 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Tax withholding related to settlement or vesting of equity awards |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(268 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(268 |
) |
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises |
|
|
654,386 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2,006 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,007 |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3,167 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3,167 |
|
Net loss |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(13,643 |
) |
|
|
(13,643 |
) |
Other comprehensive income |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
11 |
|
Balance June 30, 2025 |
|
|
36,599,663 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
$ |
365,477 |
|
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
(193,364 |
) |
|
$ |
172,155 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
CeriBell, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Cash flows from operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(39,005 |
) |
|
$ |
(26,420 |
) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization expense |
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
659 |
|
Noncash lease expense |
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
(50 |
) |
Stock-based compensation expense |
|
|
9,721 |
|
|
|
5,515 |
|
Amortization of debt discount and accretion of premium on term loans |
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
202 |
|
Accretion (amortization) of discount and premium on marketable securities |
|
|
(1,251 |
) |
|
|
(487 |
) |
Loss on disposal of property and equipment and recorders |
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable, net |
|
|
(942 |
) |
|
|
(1,434 |
) |
Inventory |
|
|
550 |
|
|
|
937 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
|
(752 |
) |
|
|
1,229 |
|
Contract costs |
|
|
321 |
|
|
|
(351 |
) |
Accrued interest on marketable securities |
|
|
302 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Other non-current assets |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(226 |
) |
Accounts payable |
|
|
406 |
|
|
|
1,361 |
|
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities |
|
|
(2,104 |
) |
|
|
(17 |
) |
Contract liabilities |
|
|
(90 |
) |
|
|
96 |
|
Net cash used in operating activities |
|
|
(32,160 |
) |
|
|
(18,936 |
) |
Cash flows from investing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of recorder components and recorders |
|
|
(908 |
) |
|
|
(288 |
) |
Purchases of property and equipment |
|
|
(142 |
) |
|
|
(219 |
) |
Purchases of marketable securities |
|
|
(75,615 |
) |
|
|
(142,794 |
) |
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities |
|
|
98,500 |
|
|
|
6,000 |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
|
|
21,835 |
|
|
|
(137,301 |
) |
Cash flows from financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds related to employee stock plans |
|
|
2,512 |
|
|
|
2,158 |
|
Debt issuance cost |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(150 |
) |
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
2,512 |
|
|
|
2,008 |
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(7,813 |
) |
|
|
(154,229 |
) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
|
|
40,476 |
|
|
|
194,370 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
|
$ |
32,663 |
|
|
$ |
40,141 |
|
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest |
|
$ |
874 |
|
|
$ |
950 |
|
Property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
152 |
|
Recorder components included in accounts payable and accrued expenses |
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Tax withholding related to settlement or vesting of equity awards in accruals |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
268 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.
Ceribell, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements
(unaudited)
Organization and Business
CeriBell, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware as Brain Stethoscope, Inc., on August 29, 2014, and changed its name to CeriBell, Inc. on August 11, 2015, and maintains its principal office in Sunnyvale, California. The Company is a commercial-stage medical technology company focused on transforming the diagnosis and management of patients with serious neurological conditions.
The Company has developed the Ceribell System, a novel, point-of-care electroencephalography (“EEG”) platform specifically designed to address the unmet needs of patients in the acute care setting. By combining proprietary, highly portable and rapidly deployable hardware with sophisticated artificial intelligence (“AI”)-powered algorithms, the Ceribell System enables rapid diagnosis and continuous monitoring of patients with neurological conditions.
Liquidity
As of June 30, 2026, the Company’s principal sources of liquidity consisted of $129.3 million of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities.
The Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception. On June 30, 2026, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $259.4 million. Such losses primarily resulted from the costs incurred in the development and sales and marketing of the Company’s products and building the Company’s organization. The Company expects to incur losses in the near term as it continues to focus on the development and promotion of new and existing products and expand its corporate infrastructure, including the costs associated with being a public company.
Based on the Company’s current operating plan, the Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund the Company’s planned operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these financial statements.
However, the Company may experience lower than expected cash generated from operating activities or greater than expected capital expenditures, cost of revenue, or operating expenses, and may need to raise additional capital to fund operations, further research and development activities, or acquire, invest in, or license other businesses, assets, or technologies. The Company’s future capital needs will depend upon many factors, including the market acceptance of the Company’s products, the cost and pace of developing new products, and the costs of supporting sales growth.
Risks and Uncertainties
The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the medical device industry, including, but not limited to, new technological innovations, dependence upon third-party payers to provide adequate coverage and reimbursement, dependence on key personnel, dependence on key suppliers, protection of proprietary technology, product liability, and compliance with government regulations. There can be no assurance that the Company’s products or services will be accepted in the marketplace, nor can there be any assurance that any future products or services can be developed or manufactured at an acceptable cost and with appropriate performance characteristics, or that such products or services will be successfully marketed, if at all. These factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial results, financial position, and cash flow.
In addition, inflationary and supply chain pressures may adversely impact the Company’s future financial results. The Company’s operating costs have increased and may continue to increase because of these pressures, and the Company may not be able to fully offset these cost increases by raising prices for products or subscription fees, which could result in downward pressure on margins.
Adverse economic conditions in the U.S., including any economic disruptions related to another or worsening global pandemic or a recession, could negatively impact the Company’s revenues and results of operations. The global credit and financial markets continue to experience volatility and disruptions, including diminished liquidity and credit availability, increased concerns about inflation, and uncertainty about economic stability. Events including a potential recession have caused economic, market, and political uncertainty. Volatility and disruption of financial markets could limit the Company's customers’ ability to obtain adequate financing or credit to purchase and pay for products in a timely manner or to maintain operations, which could result in a decrease in sales volume that could harm the Company’s results of operations. General concerns about the fundamental soundness of the U.S. economy may also cause customers to reduce their purchases. Changes in governmental banking, monetary, and fiscal policies to address liquidity and increase credit availability may not be effective. Continuation or further deterioration of these financial and macroeconomic conditions could harm the Company's sales, profitability, and results of operations.
The Company utilizes contract manufacturers in China and Vietnam to supply key sub-assemblies for its primary products. In addition, political instability or the deterioration of trade relations between the United States and either of these countries could adversely impact the Company’s business.
To minimize supply chain disruptions, the Company continues to maintain sufficient supplies of inventory of manufactured components and parts needed to meet forecast production demand.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
The unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to a fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2026, and the results of its operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. The condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2025, was derived from audited annual financial statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the annual financial statements.
Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments, and Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions, and such differences could be material to the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Significant estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition and valuation of the Company’s options to purchase common stock for purposes of accounting for stock-based compensation.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are invested in checking accounts and money market funds. The Company has not experienced any losses to date.
The Company’s accounts receivable are derived solely from product and subscription sales to customers located in the United States. The Company performs periodic evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral from its customers. Credit losses historically have not been significant. No customers comprised 10% or more of the Company’s revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. No customers comprised 10% or more of the Company’s accounts receivable balance as of June 30, 2026, or December 31, 2025.
Bank failures, events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance, or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, or concerns or rumors about such events, may lead to liquidity constraints. The failure of a bank, or other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets impacting financial institutions at which the Company maintains balances, could adversely impact liquidity and financial performance. There can be no assurance that the Company’s deposits in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or other comparable insurance limits will be backstopped by the U.S. or applicable foreign governments, or that
any bank or financial institution with which the Company does business will be able to obtain needed liquidity from other banks, government institutions, or by acquisition in the event of a failure or liquidity crisis. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are primarily held in money market funds.
Information About Segment and Geographic Areas
The Company operates and manages its business as one reportable and operating segment. The Company generates revenue from two recurring sources. Product revenue is generated by the sale of the Company’s disposable headbands and headcaps (“Wearables”) that are intended for single patient use. Subscription revenue is generated by monthly subscription fees charged to the Company’s hospital customers for use of Clarity, recorders, and its portal. The Company has one reportable segment due to the similar customer base of its products and subscriptions and similarities in: economic characteristics; nature and compatibility of products and subscriptions; and procurement, manufacturing and distribution processes.
In accordance with the “Segment Reporting” Topic of the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), the Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The Company's measure of segment profit or loss is loss from operations. The CODM utilizes the Company's financial information such as loss from operations derived from revenues and operating expenses included in the Company forecast, performance metrics, and budget versus actual analyses on an aggregate basis for purposes of evaluating financial performance and how to best allocate resources across functions when developing and reviewing the annual budget to achieve the Company's long term objectives. Significant expenses regularly provided to the CODM within loss from operations include cost of revenue, research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses, which are each separately presented on the Company’s Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Balance Sheets as total assets. Since the Company operates in one segment, all accounting policies and financial information required by “Segment Reporting” can be found in the summary of significant accounting policies, the revenue footnote, and the annual financial statements. All of the Company’s revenue was in the United States for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. Long-lived assets held outside of the United States were $0.8 million and $0.9 million as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
License Agreement
The Company has an in-license arrangement with Stanford University whereby the Company owes low-single digit royalty percentages related to revenue that is derived pursuant to in-licensed technologies, subject to a minimum payment. Royalty obligations are expensed as cost of revenue in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss, when incurred or over the minimum royalty periods and have not been material. On June 12, 2025, the Company extended the exclusivity of the licensed patents to the date the last licensed patent expires in May 2036 for a term exercise fee of $250,000. As the in-licensed technologies are used to generate revenue, the exercise fee has been deferred in other assets and will be amortized to cost of revenue on a straight-line basis through May 2036.
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”) Tariffs
On February 20, 2026, a U.S. Supreme Court ruling invalidated tariffs imposed under the IEEPA. The Company estimates it has paid approximately $1.6 million under the IEEPA tariffs. On April 20, 2026, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) launched an online portal referred to as the Consolidated Administration and Processing of Entries (“CAPE”) that can be used to submit IEEPA tariff refund requests. All requests are reviewed by the CBP to determine validity prior to the issuance of refunds.
During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company has recognized refunds of $1.6 million under the requirements of ASC 450, Contingencies. Of this refund amount, $1.0 million was recognized as a reduction of cost of goods sold for product that had been sold and the remaining $0.6 million relates to inventory on hand and remains capitalized in inventory as of June 30, 2026. $1.0 million of this refund is recorded in other current assets as of June 30, 2026, and was received in cash on July 1, 2026.
Related Party Transactions
The Company paid Dr. Parvizi, a Director and Co-Founder of the Company, for consulting services and reimbursement of related expenses and recorded such amounts as general and administrative expenses within the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenses related to Dr. Parvizi were $48,000 for both the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, and $97,000 for both the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendment requires more detailed information about specified categories of expenses (purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) included in certain expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. This ASU is effective
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or (2) retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on the Company's disclosures.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers by the nature of products and services provided (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
EEG recorders and Wearables sales, point in time |
|
$ |
21,241 |
|
|
$ |
15,923 |
|
|
$ |
41,431 |
|
|
$ |
31,531 |
|
EEG portal and Clarity subscriptions and recorder loans, over time |
|
|
6,856 |
|
|
|
5,276 |
|
|
|
13,160 |
|
|
|
10,159 |
|
Total Revenue |
|
$ |
28,097 |
|
|
$ |
21,199 |
|
|
$ |
54,591 |
|
|
$ |
41,690 |
|
Currently, the Company’s customers are solely in the United States.
Contract Costs
The Company capitalizes sales commissions that are considered to be incremental to the acquisition of customer contracts and amortizes them over an estimated period of benefit. To determine the period of benefit of its deferred commissions, the Company evaluates the type of commissions, the nature of the related benefit, and the specific facts and circumstances of its arrangements. The Company determines the period of benefit for commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial subscription contract by taking into consideration its average customer life, which is generally assumed to be three years. The Company evaluates these assumptions at least annually and periodically reviews whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit.
The Company has elected to utilize the practical expedient to expense sales commissions with an amortization period of less than one year and capitalize sales commissions that are considered to be incremental costs of obtaining contracts with an amortization period greater than one year.
The following table provides the breakdown of capitalized contract costs (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the three months ended June 30, |
|
|
For the six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2026 |
|
Contract cost balance beginning of the period |
|
$ |
3,973 |
|
|
$ |
4,057 |
|
Contract costs capitalized during the period |
|
|
420 |
|
|
|
1,010 |
|
Contract costs amortized during the period |
|
|
(657 |
) |
|
|
(1,331 |
) |
Contract Costs as of period end |
|
$ |
3,736 |
|
|
$ |
3,736 |
|
Contract Liabilities and Performance Obligations
Contract liabilities consist of up-front payments received from customers primarily for the Clarity subscriptions.
The following table provides the breakdown of contract liabilities (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the three months ended June 30, |
|
|
For the six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2026 |
|
Contract Liabilities balance beginning of the period |
|
$ |
88 |
|
|
$ |
101 |
|
Additional Contract Liabilities during the period |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
Contract Liabilities balance recognized during the period |
|
|
(79 |
) |
|
|
(145 |
) |
Balance as of period end |
|
$ |
11 |
|
|
$ |
11 |
|
The Company has elected not to include unfulfilled performance obligations for contracts in which the amount of revenue it recognizes is equal to the amount which the Company has a right to invoice. No revenue was recognized in the reporting period from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. The short-term remaining performance obligations are expected to be recognized within 12 months.
4.Fair Value Measurements
In determining the fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the unobservable inputs to the extent possible, as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessments of fair value.
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
The following tables represent the Company’s financial assets and liabilities according to the fair value hierarchy, measured at fair value (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2026 |
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
|
Total |
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Money market funds |
|
$ |
28,979 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
28,979 |
|
Marketable securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Treasury Bills |
|
|
5,937 |
|
|
|
42,229 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
48,166 |
|
U.S. Notes and Bonds |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
48,432 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
48,432 |
|
Total assets, at fair value |
|
$ |
34,916 |
|
|
$ |
90,661 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
125,577 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2025 |
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
|
Total |
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Money market funds |
|
$ |
34,918 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
34,918 |
|
Marketable securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Treasury Bills |
|
|
7,900 |
|
|
|
53,329 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
61,229 |
|
U.S. Notes and Bonds |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
57,556 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
57,556 |
|
Total assets, at fair value |
|
$ |
42,818 |
|
|
$ |
110,885 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
153,703 |
|
The carrying amount of the Company’s notes payable is carried at amortized cost and approximates its fair value.
The fair value and amortized cost of Level 1 and 2 available-for-sale marketable securities as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are presented in the following table (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2026 |
|
Amortized Cost Basis |
|
|
Unrealized Gains |
|
|
Unrealized Losses |
|
|
Estimated Fair Value |
|
U.S. Treasury bills |
|
$ |
48,223 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(57 |
) |
|
$ |
48,166 |
|
U.S. Notes and Bonds |
|
|
48,467 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
48,432 |
|
Total marketable securities |
|
$ |
96,690 |
|
|
$ |
4 |
|
|
$ |
(96 |
) |
|
$ |
96,598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2025 |
|
Amortized Cost Basis |
|
|
Unrealized Gains |
|
|
Unrealized Losses |
|
|
Estimated Fair Value |
|
U.S. Treasury bills |
|
$ |
61,178 |
|
|
$ |
51 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
61,229 |
|
U.S. Notes and Bonds |
|
|
57,448 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
57,556 |
|
Total marketable securities |
|
$ |
118,626 |
|
|
$ |
159 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
118,785 |
|
The fair value of available-for-sale marketable securities by contractual maturities as of June 30, 2026 are presented in the following table (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
Due in less than one year |
|
$ |
96,598 |
|
Due in one to two years |
|
|
— |
|
Total marketable securities |
|
$ |
96,598 |
|
Cash equivalents are comprised of Level 1 financial instruments of money market fund investments. Level 1 financial instruments are comprised of cash equivalents and certain U.S. Treasury bills. Level 2 financial instruments are comprised of certain U.S. Treasury bills and U.S. Notes and Bonds. The Company's valuation technique used to measure the fair value of money market funds and Level 1 U.S. Treasury bills is derived from quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The fair value of Level 2 financial instruments is derived using observable inputs other than quoted prices.
Inventory
Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Component materials |
|
$ |
5,044 |
|
|
$ |
4,985 |
|
Finished goods |
|
|
1,693 |
|
|
|
2,303 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
6,737 |
|
|
$ |
7,288 |
|
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment are comprised of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
$ |
921 |
|
|
$ |
857 |
|
Computer equipment and software |
|
|
391 |
|
|
391 |
|
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment |
|
|
2,508 |
|
|
|
2,418 |
|
Leasehold improvements |
|
|
855 |
|
|
852 |
|
Construction in progress |
|
|
147 |
|
|
218 |
|
Total Property and Equipment |
|
|
4,822 |
|
|
|
4,736 |
|
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |
|
|
3,062 |
|
|
|
2,706 |
|
Property and Equipment, Net |
|
$ |
1,760 |
|
|
$ |
2,030 |
|
Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.2 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 and $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Other Non-Current Assets
Other non-current assets are comprised of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Recorders at customer locations |
|
$ |
2,130 |
|
|
$ |
1,838 |
|
Less: accumulated depreciation of recorders at customer locations |
|
|
(1,099 |
) |
|
|
(1,033 |
) |
Recorders at customer locations, net |
|
|
1,031 |
|
|
805 |
|
Recorders and related components |
|
|
1,613 |
|
|
|
1,141 |
|
Deferred debt financing cost |
|
|
155 |
|
|
335 |
|
Other non-current assets |
|
|
621 |
|
|
|
631 |
|
Total non-current assets |
|
$ |
3,420 |
|
|
$ |
2,912 |
|
Recorder depreciation expense was $0.07 million and $0.09 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities are comprised of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Accrued bonuses and payroll |
|
$ |
3,814 |
|
|
$ |
6,082 |
|
Accrued commissions |
|
|
3,328 |
|
|
|
4,048 |
|
Professional fees and other costs |
|
|
3,489 |
|
|
|
1,994 |
|
Employee stock purchase plan liability |
|
|
1,540 |
|
|
|
1,004 |
|
Other |
|
|
310 |
|
|
|
1,200 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
12,481 |
|
|
$ |
14,328 |
|
The Company offers its employees a tax-deferred savings plan, commonly referred to as a 401(k) plan. Employee contributions are withheld from payroll checks and are automatically withdrawn from the Company’s checking account and deposited into participants’ retirement accounts a few days following each payroll period. Beginning March 1, 2025, the Company provides a 50% match for employee contributions up to a certain limit. The Company contributed $0.4 million and $0.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $1.0 million and $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, to its 401(k) plan.
7.Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
On July 7, 2025, we filed patent infringement complaints against Natus Medical Incorporated and related subsidiaries (“Natus”) with the U.S. International Trade Commission (“USITC”) and the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (the “District Court”). On August 6, 2025, the USITC instituted an investigation of these claims pursuant to Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and on August 12, 2025, the District Court stayed the pending patent infringement action until the final determination of the USITC investigation.
Legal fees are expensed in the period in which they are incurred and are included in accrued liabilities. In addition to expenses incurred, as of June 30, 2026, the Company has a commitment to pay $2.9 million in deferred legal fees contingent upon the earlier of settlement or favorable Initial Determination by the Administrative Law Judge related to the Natus patent infringement complaints. The Company records a provision for a liability when management believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. No provision or accrual has been recorded related to the deferred legal fees based on currently available information. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, there were no litigation liabilities recorded for the contingent deferred legal fees described above.
IEEPA Tariff Refunds
The Company does not expect future IEEPA tariff refunds to be material, but will recognize the refunds when the requirements under ASC 450, Contingencies, have been met.
The Company’s ROU asset relates to its leased corporate offices and warehouse in Sunnyvale, CA. Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Operating Lease |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating lease right-of-use asset |
|
$ |
1,781 |
|
|
$ |
2,296 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating lease liability, current |
|
|
1,180 |
|
|
|
1,105 |
|
Operating lease liability, long-term |
|
|
748 |
|
|
|
1,360 |
|
Total operating lease liabilities |
|
$ |
1,928 |
|
|
$ |
2,465 |
|
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
Weighted average remaining discount rate |
|
|
8.00 |
% |
|
|
8.00 |
% |
A summary of total lease expense and other information for the periods relating to the Company’s operating leases was as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Operating lease expense |
|
$ |
305 |
|
|
$ |
281 |
|
|
$ |
611 |
|
|
$ |
562 |
|
Variable lease expense |
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
Total lease expense |
|
$ |
404 |
|
|
$ |
352 |
|
|
$ |
811 |
|
|
$ |
731 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cash payments for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |
|
$ |
312 |
|
|
$ |
302 |
|
|
$ |
623 |
|
|
$ |
604 |
|
The Company leases office space and warehouse space under non-cancelable operating leases. As of June 30, 2026, the future minimum lease payments under the non-cancelable operating lease are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
Operating Leases: |
|
2026 |
|
Remainder of 2026 |
|
$ |
632 |
|
2027 |
|
|
1,306 |
|
2028 |
|
|
109 |
|
Total undiscounted lease payments |
|
|
2,047 |
|
Imputed interest |
|
|
(119 |
) |
Net Lease Liabilities |
|
$ |
1,928 |
|
2024 Term Loan
In consideration of the 2024 principal loan repayment schedule and future operating cash flow requirements, effective February 6, 2024, the Company executed a Venture Loan and Security Agreement (“VLSA”) with Horizon Technology Finance Corporation (“Horizon”) as a lender and the collateral agent and Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) as a lender (collectively, “the Lenders”).
Upon execution of the VLSA, the Company drew down the entire first tranche of $20.0 million in principal (“Term Loan”), including $6.0 million from SVB (“SVB Loan”) and $14.0 million from Horizon (“Horizon Loan”). Subject to the VLSA terms, the Company is entitled to receive up to $30.0 million (“Outstanding Commitment”) in three additional tranches of $10.0 million each. On June 30, 2026, the first $10.0 million tranche expired and the Company did not draw down on the first tranche. $20.0 million remains available as of June 30, 2026. Each lender’s obligation to lend its undisbursed portion of the Outstanding Commitment to the Company shall terminate if, in such Lender’s sole good faith discretion, there has been a material adverse change in the results of operations or financial condition of the Company, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, or there has been any material adverse deviation by the Company from the business plan of the Company presented to any Lender. No material adverse changes have been identified as of June 30, 2026.
The Term Loan is payable to the Lenders in twelve equal monthly installments between April 1, 2028 (“Amortization Date”) and March 1, 2029 (“Maturity Date”) subject to certain prepayment fees in accordance with the VLSA. The SVB Loan carries a variable per-annum interest rate at the Prime Rate (as published in the Wall Street Journal), subject to the floor of 6.00%. The Horizon Loan carries a variable per-annum interest rate at the Prime Rate plus 2.75%, subject to the floor of 9.25%.
Senior Revolving Facility
In February 2024, the Company also executed a Loan and Security Agreement (“LSA”) with SVB to receive a senior revolving line of credit of up to $10.0 million (“Revolving Facility”). The Revolving Facility matured on February 6, 2026. No borrowings were made under the Revolving Facility, and the Revolving Facility is no longer available for borrowing.
As of June 30, 2026, the Company was in compliance with debt covenants under the VLSA. The effective interest rate is 9.5%, inclusive of the end-of-term fee and debt issuance as of June 30, 2026. No amounts were drawn under the Outstanding Commitment through June 30, 2026.
Notes payable consists of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Principal of notes payable |
|
$ |
20,000 |
|
|
$ |
20,000 |
|
End of term fee accretion |
|
|
321 |
|
|
251 |
|
Unamortized debt issuance costs |
|
|
(340 |
) |
|
|
(440 |
) |
Carrying value of Notes Payable |
|
$ |
19,981 |
|
|
$ |
19,811 |
|
Collateral for the VLSA consists of a security interest in all assets of the Company, excluding intellectual property.
Effective February 6, 2024, the Company, Horizon, and SVB entered into a $60.0 million financing commitment. Warrants representing the right to purchase 41,345 shares of Series C-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock at a price of $11.49 per share were issued upon closing. Immediately prior to the Company’s IPO on October 15, 2024, all warrants exercisable for redeemable convertible preferred stock were converted into warrants exercisable for common stock and reclassified from liabilities to equity. All warrants are currently exercisable, in whole or in part, and expire in 2030, 2032, and 2034. To the extent the warrants are not previously exercised, and if the fair market value of one share is greater than the exercise price under the warrants then in effect, the warrants shall be deemed automatically exercised immediately before expiration.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock |
|
|
Common Stock |
|
|
Total warrants |
|
Balance December 31, 2025 |
|
|
45,726 |
|
|
|
56,573 |
|
|
|
102,299 |
|
Exercise price per warrant |
|
$ |
7.6540 |
|
|
$ |
11.49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants issued |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Balance June 30, 2026 |
|
|
45,726 |
|
|
|
56,573 |
|
|
|
102,299 |
|
Exercise price per warrant |
|
$ |
7.6540 |
|
|
$ |
11.49 |
|
|
|
|
The warrants are included in Additional paid-in capital as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025.
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value common stock as of both June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025.
The holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds and assets are legally available and when declared by the Board of Directors. As of June 30, 2026, no dividends had been declared.
As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the Company had reserved common stock for future issuance as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Conversion of outstanding warrants |
|
|
102,299 |
|
|
|
102,299 |
|
Outstanding options |
|
|
4,306,372 |
|
|
|
4,135,501 |
|
Outstanding RSUs |
|
|
2,625,877 |
|
|
|
1,561,534 |
|
Shares reserved for future issuance under the Company's equity plans |
|
|
5,555,042 |
|
|
|
5,279,680 |
|
Total |
|
|
12,589,590 |
|
|
|
11,079,014 |
|
Stock Incentive Plan
Activity under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”), 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 EIP”), and 2024 Incentive Award Plan (the “2024 Plan”) is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average |
|
|
Aggregate |
|
Number of |
|
Weighted average |
|
|
remaining contractual |
|
intrinsic value |
|
options |
|
exercise price |
|
|
life (in years) |
|
(in thousands) |
|
Balance at December 31, 2025 |
|
|
4,135,501 |
|
|
$ |
8.70 |
|
|
|
7.38 |
|
|
|
54,842 |
|
Options granted |
|
|
739,086 |
|
|
|
18.93 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options exercised |
|
|
(391,867 |
) |
|
|
5.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options forfeited |
|
|
(176,348 |
) |
|
|
16.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2026 |
|
|
4,306,372 |
|
|
|
10.45 |
|
|
|
7.39 |
|
|
|
38,699 |
|
Options vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 2026 |
|
|
4,306,372 |
|
|
|
10.45 |
|
|
|
7.39 |
|
|
|
38,699 |
|
Options exercisable at June 30, 2026 |
|
|
2,527,436 |
|
|
$ |
7.27 |
|
|
|
6.54 |
|
|
|
30,881 |
|
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $11.40 and $10.47 per share, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $5.6 million and $9.5 million, respectively.
Restricted Stock Unit activity under the plans is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
Weighted average |
|
shares |
|
grant date fair value |
|
Unvested at December 31, 2025 |
|
|
1,561,534 |
|
|
$ |
17.94 |
|
Granted |
|
|
1,570,387 |
|
|
|
19.00 |
|
Vested |
|
|
(300,524 |
) |
|
|
18.98 |
|
Cancelled |
|
|
(205,520 |
) |
|
|
19.02 |
|
Unvested at June 30, 2026 |
|
|
2,625,877 |
|
|
$ |
18.35 |
|
The total fair value of shares vested during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $5.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
As of June 30, 2026, the aggregate unrecognized compensation costs related to outstanding unvested options and RSUs under the 2014 Plan, 2024 EIP, and 2024 Plan was $60.1 million. The Company expects to recognize those costs over a weighted average period of 3.1 years.
The fair value of RSUs is based on the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of service-based stock options and RSUs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards.
The fair value of employee stock options granted was estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
2026 |
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
2025 |
|
Expected term (in years) |
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
5.0 |
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
5.0 |
|
Expected volatility |
|
71.0 |
% |
|
|
61.0 |
% |
|
|
71.0 |
% |
|
|
61.1 |
% |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
4.0 |
% |
|
|
3.9 |
% |
|
|
4.0 |
% |
|
|
3.9 |
% |
Dividend yield |
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
The expected term is based on an average of the midpoint of the requisite service period and the contractual term, and the historical exercise behavior. The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities for industry peers, as well as the Company's historical volatility. The Company will continue to analyze the historical stock price volatility and expected term assumptions as more historical data for the Company’s common stock becomes available. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments whose term was consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of no dividend payouts.
The Company’s total stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
2026 |
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
2025 |
|
Cost of revenue |
$ |
11 |
|
|
$ |
102 |
|
|
$ |
159 |
|
|
$ |
127 |
|
Research and development |
|
948 |
|
|
|
564 |
|
|
|
1,648 |
|
|
|
937 |
|
Sales and marketing |
|
2,595 |
|
|
|
1,203 |
|
|
|
4,105 |
|
|
|
1,980 |
|
General and administrative |
|
2,444 |
|
|
|
1,298 |
|
|
|
3,809 |
|
|
|
2,471 |
|
Total stock-based compensation expense |
$ |
5,998 |
|
|
$ |
3,167 |
|
|
$ |
9,721 |
|
|
$ |
5,515 |
|
Stock-based compensation expense does not include the impact of estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are taken as a reduction in expense in the period in which they occur. No compensation cost is recorded for awards that do not vest. Option awards included performance-based awards which are subject to the achievement of performance goals. For options subject to performance goals, the Company recognizes expense when it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. These performance-based awards represent 27,236 and 40,854 of option awards outstanding as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively and stock-based compensation related to performance-based awards was not material. Total stock-based compensation expense includes non-employee
stock-based compensation of $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $0.5 million and $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In February 2025, the Company adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The Company allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company's common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the stock as of the first date or the ending date of each offering period, which is typically six months. In January 2026, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP was increased by 374,848 shares as a result of the automatic increase provision in the ESPP.
As of June 30, 2026, 1,101,668 shares under the ESPP remain available for purchase. The offering period and purchase period is determined by the board of directors. Stock-based compensation related to the ESPP was not material and is included in the Company’s total stock-based compensation expense table above.
12.Net loss attributable to common stockholders
Basic net loss per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to the Company’s common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for all periods presented because the effects of potentially dilutive items were anti-dilutive given the Company’s net loss position in each period presented.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders |
|
$ |
(19,268 |
) |
|
$ |
(13,643 |
) |
|
$ |
(39,005 |
) |
|
$ |
(26,420 |
) |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
|
|
38,032 |
|
|
|
36,294 |
|
|
|
37,849 |
|
|
|
36,088 |
|
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |
|
$ |
(0.51 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.38 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.03 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.73 |
) |
The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computations of weighted-average shares outstanding because such securities have an antidilutive impact due to losses reported (in common stock equivalent shares, in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Warrants |
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
102 |
|
Equity plan stock options outstanding |
|
|
4,306 |
|
|
|
4,908 |
|
|
|
4,306 |
|
|
|
4,908 |
|
Restricted stock units |
|
|
2,626 |
|
|
|
1,328 |
|
|
|
2,626 |
|
|
|
1,328 |
|
Shares committed under ESPP |
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
Total |
|
|
7,122 |
|
|
|
6,373 |
|
|
|
7,122 |
|
|
|
6,373 |
|
The Company had an effective tax rate of 0.0% for both of the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. The Company continues to incur operating losses.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company evaluated all available evidence, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and determined that it is more likely than not that its net deferred tax assets will not be realized. Due to uncertainties surrounding the realization of the deferred tax assets, the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets.
14. Subsequent Events
On August 5, 2026, the Company entered into a Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Company, as borrower, MidCap Funding IV Trust, as agent, MidCap Financial Trust, as term loan servicer, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”). The Credit Agreement provides for (i) a term loan facility, consisting of a $30.0 million commitment and an additional $25.0 million of uncommitted capital that may be available at the Lender's discretion, and (ii) a revolving loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $20.0 million, which may be increased to up to $30.0 million at the Company's discretion upon satisfaction of certain conditions set forth therein. The $20.0 million revolving credit facility operates on a non-formula
basis through December 31, 2027, after which time, availability under the facility will be subject to a borrowing base based on eligible accounts receivable and inventory. The term loan is callable at the Company's request at any time before December 31, 2028. At closing, the Company borrowed $20.0 million under the revolving facility and has no balance drawn under the term loan. The proceeds of borrowings under the Credit Agreement were used to repay in full the Company's outstanding obligations under the VLSA described in Note 9. Future borrowings will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. The VLSA was terminated on August 5, 2026.
The foregoing description of the Credit Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Credit Agreement, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date these financial statements were issued.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements and the related notes and the discussion under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for the year ended December 31, 2025 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs that involve significant risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to those differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly in “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Overview
We are a medical technology company focused on transforming the diagnosis and management of patients with serious neurological conditions. We have developed the Ceribell System, a novel, point-of-care EEG platform specifically designed to address the unmet needs of patients in the acute care setting. By combining proprietary, highly portable, and rapidly deployable hardware with sophisticated artificial intelligence (“AI”)-powered algorithms, the Ceribell System enables rapid diagnosis and continuous monitoring of patients with neurological conditions. We initially focused on becoming the standard of care for the detection and management of seizures in the acute care setting, where the technological and operational limitations of conventional EEG systems have contributed to significant delays in seizure and delirium diagnosis and suboptimal patient care and clinical outcomes, as well as a high economic burden for hospitals and the healthcare system. By making EEG more accessible and enabling continuous monitoring through the power of AI, the Ceribell System enables clinicians to more rapidly and accurately diagnose and manage patients at risk of seizure and delirium in the acute care setting, resulting in improved patient outcomes and hospital and payer economics. As of June 30, 2026, the Ceribell System has been adopted by more than 700 hospitals, ranging from top academic centers to small community hospitals. For information regarding how patient care and clinical outcomes are measured, see “Business—Market Overview—Challenges of Managing Seizures in the Acute Care Setting” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 24, 2026.
We specifically designed the Ceribell System to address the limitations of conventional EEG in the acute care setting and dramatically improve clinical outcomes of critically ill patients at high risk of seizures. The Ceribell System integrates proprietary, highly portable hardware with AI-powered algorithms to aid in the detection and management of seizures. Our hardware is composed of disposable, flexible headbands and headcaps (“Wearables”) and a pocket-sized, rechargeable battery-operated recorder used to capture and wirelessly transmit EEG signals. The hardware is simple to use and, after approximately one hour of training, can be applied within minutes by any non-specialized healthcare professional. The recorder is integrated with a proprietary web-based portal that allows neurologists to remotely access EEG data in real time from any web-enabled device. EEG data captured by the recorder is interpreted by our proprietary AI-powered seizure detection algorithms, which continuously monitor the patient’s EEG signal and can support the clinician’s real-time assessment of seizure activity and delirium.
We are currently focused on becoming the standard of care for the detection and management of seizures in the acute care setting. In May 2023, Clarity® became the first device to receive 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for diagnosing electrographic status epilepticus. In December 2025, the FDA granted 510(k) clearance for Ceribell’s proprietary Delirium Monitor System, the first and only FDA cleared delirium screening and monitoring device. In June 2026, we received a new FDA 510(k) clearance that encompasses two separate neurology focused algorithms, EEG Artifact Reduction and Epileptiform Abnormality Detection. We also received FDA clearance on the full next-generation hardware platform that we anticipate will support our expansion into new indications and new application areas.
There are approximately 6,000 acute care facilities in the United States that we believe could benefit from the Ceribell system. We intend to expand the size of our direct sales organization in the United States to support our efforts to drive further adoption and utilization of the Ceribell System. While our current commercial focus is on the United States, we have received a CE Mark for the Ceribell System in Europe, and we intend to pursue additional regulatory clearances in Europe and elsewhere outside of the United States in the future.
We manage all aspects of manufacturing, supply chain, and distribution of the Wearables and recorder from our facilities in Sunnyvale, California. Contract manufacturers in China and Vietnam assemble the headbands, with final inspection and labeling completed at our California facilities. We have dual sources for major components of the Wearables. The components for our recorder are procured from various suppliers and shipped to our facilities for final testing and assembly.
Since our inception, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to organizing and staffing our company, research and development activities, obtaining FDA clearances and other regulatory milestones, business planning, raising capital, establishing and maintaining our intellectual property portfolio, conducting direct sales efforts and marketing initiatives, conducting clinical studies, and providing general and administrative support for these operations.
As of June 30, 2026, we had an accumulated deficit of $259.4 million. To date, we have funded our operations primarily through proceeds from the sale of shares of our stock, including common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock, term loan proceeds, and cash generated from the sale of Wearables and subscriptions. As of June 30, 2026, we had $129.3 million in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. Based on our current operating plan, we believe that the net proceeds from our IPO, together with the expected cash generated from revenue transactions with customers and our existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, will be sufficient to fund our planned operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could deplete our capital resources sooner than we expect. We may experience lower than expected cash generated from operating activities or greater than expected capital expenditures, cost of revenue, or operating expenses, and may need to raise additional capital to fund operations, further research and development activities, or acquire, invest in, or in-license other businesses, assets, or technologies.
We have incurred operating losses since the commencement of our operations and we expect to continue to incur losses as we grow and continue the transition to operating as a public company.
Our Business Model
Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations and Performance
We believe there are several important factors that have impacted and that we expect will impact our operating performance and results of operations for the foreseeable future. These factors include:
•Adoption of the Ceribell System by new accounts. There are approximately 6,000 acute care facilities with an Intensive Care Unit (“ICU”) or Emergency Department (“ED”) or both in the United States that we believe could benefit from the Ceribell System because the patients arriving at such facilities may experience seizures or delirium triggered by the conditions leading them to seek acute medical care. As of June 30, 2026, we have successfully deployed the Ceribell System to more than 700 hospitals, ranging from top academic centers to small community hospitals. We believe that all acute care facilities in the United States can benefit from the Ceribell System, and our goal is to establish the Ceribell System as the standard of care for the detection and management of seizures in critically ill patients. To drive further adoption of the Ceribell System, we leverage our commercial infrastructure including Territory Managers (“TMs”), who focus on new account acquisition and onboarding, and Clinical Account Managers (“CAMs”), who focus on ongoing account coverage to increase utilization and further support hospital onboarding. Our commercial team engages with customers to communicate the value proposition of the Ceribell System, leveraging our large base of clinical evidence.
•Utilization of the Ceribell System within our existing customer base. We believe there are over three million acute care patients in the United States who should be monitored with EEG each year due to high risk of seizures. Currently, many of these patients are not promptly monitored by EEG, as a physician may not be aware of the risk of seizures in a given patient population. Our CAMs work to educate our customers to raise awareness of our technology, non-convulsive seizures, and the risks of delayed treatment. Even at facilities with access to the Ceribell System, clinicians may not use Ceribell on all eligible patients if they are not fully aware of the risks of seizures and the benefits of our solution. We aim to support hospitals in their efforts to integrate Ceribell into protocols for different patient populations, based on established guidelines. We are also continuing our efforts to expand to new hospital departments and provide training to more providers.
•Investment in research and development to drive innovation and expand our addressable market. Our research and development initiatives are focused on introducing enhancements, features, and improvements aimed at increasing the value provided by the Ceribell System for diagnosing and monitoring seizures and delirium in the acute care setting. We believe the platform nature of the Ceribell System will enable us to efficiently deploy it for use in other serious neurological conditions beyond seizures and delirium to additional indications.
Components of our Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate revenue from two recurring sources. Product revenue is generated by the sale of our disposable Wearables that are intended for single patient use. Subscription revenue is generated by monthly subscription fees charged to our hospital customers for use of Clarity, recorders, and our portal. Revenue from sales of Wearables is recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control of the product. We generally recognize subscription revenue ratably over the related contractual term beginning on the date that the Ceribell System is made available to a customer. Our revenue fluctuates primarily based on the number of active accounts and the volume of Wearable usage.
We expect that our revenue will continue to fluctuate quarter-to-quarter due to a variety of factors, including the potential success of our sales force in extending adoption of the Ceribell System to new accounts and expanding the utilization of the Ceribell System in existing accounts. For purposes of managing our business, we do not separately track increases in revenue solely attributable to new accounts. We may experience fluctuations in the number of Wearables used by our customers based on seasonal factors that impact the number of patients in the acute care setting. For example, the number of patients in the intensive care unit is typically lower during the summer months.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists primarily of the cost of materials and labor to manufacture Wearables and depreciation of the manufacturing cost of recorders, as well as third-party hosting fees and personnel-related expenses for our subscription cost of revenue. Cost of revenue also includes expenses related to manufacturing overhead comprising compensation for personnel, manufacturing supervision, facilities, utilities, quality assurance, property tax, and certain direct costs such as tariffs and shipping costs. As we acquire new customers and existing customers increase their use of our product and software, we expect that our cost of revenue will continue to increase.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit, or revenue less cost of revenue, and gross margin, or gross profit as a percentage of revenue, have been and will continue to be affected by various factors that may cause gross margins to fluctuate. These include the product mix between product and subscription revenues, potential changes to sales prices, the timing of our acquisition of new customers, renewals of and follow-on sales to existing customers, costs associated with third-party hosting fees, costs associated with third party manufacturing and supply chain purchases of inventory, and other direct costs such as tariffs and shipping. Our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period, based upon the factors described above and in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development
Research and development expenses are incurred in connection with the advancement of the Ceribell System with the goal to improve and expand on the existing Ceribell System and indications. Research and development expenses consist primarily of engineering, product development, regulatory activities, consulting services, materials, depreciation, and other costs associated with products and technologies being developed. These expenses include employee and non-employee compensation, including benefits, stock-based compensation, supplies, materials, consulting, related travel expenses, and facilities expenses. Our research and development team includes clinical study experts as well as hardware and software engineers with deep expertise in mechanical and electrical engineering, data science, AI, embedded software design, and cloud-based data and security architecture. We invest in research and development efforts with the goal of driving continuous improvements in our current system and solutions and expanding the clinical application of the Ceribell System and AI algorithms, in the acute care setting and beyond. Research and development expenses are recognized as incurred and payments made prior to the receipt of goods or services to be used in research and development are capitalized and are recognized as expense as the goods are delivered or as related services are performed.
We record research and development expenses in the periods in which they are incurred. Costs for certain activities, such as clinical studies and clinical trials, are generally recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using information and data provided to us by our vendors and collaborators.
We expect our research and development expenses to increase as we continue to improve and optimize our products, leverage our platform to expand indications, and develop products for use beyond the acute care setting.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, commissions, bonuses, benefits, travel, and stock-based compensation as well as investments in marketing initiatives to increase market awareness of our technology and the prevalence of seizures and delirium in critically ill patient populations, including expenses related to travel, conferences, trade shows, and consulting services.
We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase for the foreseeable future as we continue to increase the size of our sales organization and market penetration in the United States, expand indications, and potentially establish an international presence by pursuing marketing authorizations and engaging in other market access initiatives in international regions in which we see significant potential opportunity.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation expense for personnel in executive, finance, accounting, commercial operations, legal, human resource, IT, and administrative functions. General and administrative expenses also include direct or allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and insurance, not otherwise included in research and development expenses, sales and marketing expenses, or cost of revenue, as well as professional fees for legal, patent, and consulting services.
We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the foreseeable future as we increase our headcount to support the continued growth of our business. We also anticipate incurring additional expenses associated with operating as a public company, including increased expenses related to audit, legal, regulatory, compliance, director and officer insurance, investor and public relations, and tax-related services associated with maintaining compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and standards applicable to companies listed on a national securities exchange and intellectual property enforcement activities.
Interest and Other Income (Expense), net
Interest and other income (expense), net is primarily interest income on our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. Interest expense primarily consists of interest on our term loans and a non-cash interest charge related to amortization of debt issuance costs.
Provision for Income Taxes
To date, we have not recorded any U.S. federal or state income tax expense. We have recorded deferred tax assets for U.S. federal income taxes for which we provide a full valuation allowance. These deferred tax assets primarily include net operating loss carryforwards and we expect to maintain this full valuation allowance for the foreseeable future as it is not more likely than not the deferred tax assets will be realized based on our history of losses.
Results of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025
The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented (in thousands) and as a percentage of our revenue for those periods. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of financial results to be achieved in future periods.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
$ Change |
|
|
% Change |
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product revenue |
|
$ |
21,241 |
|
|
$ |
15,923 |
|
|
$ |
5,318 |
|
|
|
33 |
% |
Subscription revenue |
|
|
6,856 |
|
|
|
5,276 |
|
|
|
1,580 |
|
|
|
30 |
% |
Total revenue |
|
|
28,097 |
|
|
|
21,199 |
|
|
|
6,898 |
|
|
|
33 |
% |
Cost of revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product cost of goods sold |
|
|
1,830 |
|
|
|
2,351 |
|
|
|
(521 |
) |
|
|
-22 |
% |
Subscription cost of revenue |
|
329 |
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
98 |
% |
Total cost of revenue |
|
|
2,159 |
|
|
|
2,517 |
|
|
|
(358 |
) |
|
|
-14 |
% |
Gross profit |
|
|
25,938 |
|
|
|
18,682 |
|
|
|
7,256 |
|
|
|
39 |
% |
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development |
|
|
6,747 |
|
|
|
4,852 |
|
|
|
1,895 |
|
|
|
39 |
% |
Sales and marketing |
|
|
24,415 |
|
|
|
17,422 |
|
|
|
6,993 |
|
|
|
40 |
% |
General and administrative |
|
|
14,757 |
|
|
|
11,360 |
|
|
|
3,397 |
|
|
|
30 |
% |
Total operating expenses |
|
|
45,919 |
|
|
|
33,634 |
|
|
|
12,285 |
|
|
|
37 |
% |
Loss from operations |
|
|
(19,981 |
) |
|
|
(14,952 |
) |
|
|
(5,029 |
) |
|
|
34 |
% |
Interest and other income, net |
|
|
713 |
|
|
|
1,309 |
|
|
|
(596 |
) |
|
|
-46 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before provision for income taxes |
|
|
(19,268 |
) |
|
|
(13,643 |
) |
|
|
(5,625 |
) |
|
|
41 |
% |
Provision for income taxes |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(19,268 |
) |
|
$ |
(13,643 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,625 |
) |
|
|
41 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
$ Change |
|
|
% Change |
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product revenue |
|
$ |
41,431 |
|
|
$ |
31,531 |
|
|
$ |
9,900 |
|
|
|
31 |
% |
Subscription revenue |
|
|
13,160 |
|
|
|
10,159 |
|
|
|
3,001 |
|
|
|
30 |
% |
Total revenue |
|
|
54,591 |
|
|
|
41,690 |
|
|
|
12,901 |
|
|
|
31 |
% |
Cost of revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product cost of goods sold |
|
|
4,898 |
|
|
|
4,711 |
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
4 |
% |
Subscription cost of revenue |
|
633 |
|
|
290 |
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
118 |
% |
Total cost of revenue |
|
|
5,531 |
|
|
|
5,001 |
|
|
|
530 |
|
|
|
11 |
% |
Gross profit |
|
|
49,060 |
|
|
|
36,689 |
|
|
|
12,371 |
|
|
|
34 |
% |
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development |
|
|
12,908 |
|
|
|
9,098 |
|
|
|
3,810 |
|
|
|
42 |
% |
Sales and marketing |
|
|
46,805 |
|
|
|
35,455 |
|
|
|
11,350 |
|
|
|
32 |
% |
General and administrative |
|
|
30,073 |
|
|
|
21,295 |
|
|
|
8,778 |
|
|
|
41 |
% |
Total operating expenses |
|
|
89,786 |
|
|
|
65,848 |
|
|
|
23,938 |
|
|
|
36 |
% |
Loss from operations |
|
|
(40,726 |
) |
|
|
(29,159 |
) |
|
|
(11,567 |
) |
|
|
40 |
% |
Interest and other income, net |
|
|
1,721 |
|
|
|
2,739 |
|
|
|
(1,018 |
) |
|
|
-37 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before provision for income taxes |
|
|
(39,005 |
) |
|
|
(26,420 |
) |
|
|
(12,585 |
) |
|
|
48 |
% |
Provision for income taxes |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(39,005 |
) |
|
$ |
(26,420 |
) |
|
$ |
(12,585 |
) |
|
|
48 |
% |
Comparison of the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025
Revenue
Product revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, increased $5.3 million and $9.9 million, or 33% and 31%, respectively, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. Product revenue growth was primarily driven by the addition of new customers and an increase in utilization of Wearables and resulting sales of Wearables, driven by continued customer education that resulted in increased awareness and adoption of our products.
Subscription revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, increased $1.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively, or 30%, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. Subscription revenue growth was primarily driven by the addition of new customers.
Cost of Revenue
Product cost of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2026, decreased $0.5 million, or 22% compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. Product cost of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2026 increased $0.2 million, or 4%, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. The decrease in cost of goods sold for products for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was primarily due to tariff refund of $1.0 million, offset by an increase in Wearables sales to new and existing active accounts. The increase in cost of goods sold for products for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was primarily due to an increase in Wearables sales to new and existing active accounts, partially offset by the tariff refund.
Subscription cost of revenue for three and six months ended June 30, 2026, increased $0.2 million and $0.3 million, or 98% and 118%, respectively, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. The increase in subscription cost of revenue was primarily due to increased hosting costs for new and existing active accounts for subscriptions and incremental recorder depreciation associated with new subscriptions.
Gross Profit (in thousands) and Gross Margin
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
$ Change |
|
|
% Change |
|
Gross profit |
|
$ |
25,938 |
|
|
$ |
18,682 |
|
|
$ |
7,256 |
|
|
|
39 |
% |
Gross margin |
|
|
92 |
% |
|
|
88 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
% |
Product gross profit |
|
|
19,411 |
|
|
|
13,572 |
|
|
|
5,839 |
|
|
|
43 |
% |
Product gross margin |
|
|
91 |
% |
|
|
85 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
% |
Subscription gross profit |
|
|
6,527 |
|
|
|
5,110 |
|
|
|
1,417 |
|
|
|
28 |
% |
Subscription gross margin |
|
|
95 |
% |
|
|
97 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
-2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
$ Change |
|
|
% Change |
|
Gross profit |
|
$ |
49,060 |
|
|
$ |
36,689 |
|
|
$ |
12,371 |
|
|
|
34 |
% |
Gross margin |
|
|
90 |
% |
|
|
88 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
% |
Product gross profit |
|
|
36,533 |
|
|
|
26,820 |
|
|
|
9,713 |
|
|
|
36 |
% |
Product gross margin |
|
|
88 |
% |
|
|
85 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
% |
Subscription gross profit |
|
|
12,527 |
|
|
|
9,869 |
|
|
|
2,658 |
|
|
|
27 |
% |
Subscription gross margin |
|
|
95 |
% |
|
|
97 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
-2 |
% |
Gross profit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 increased $7.3 million and $12.4 million, or 39% and 34%, respectively, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. The increase is primarily due to increased revenue and decreased cost of goods sold due to cost reduction strategies and tariff refunds.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses increased $1.9 million, or 39%, for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $1.5 million in personnel and related expenses directly associated with an increase in headcount.
Research and development expenses increased $3.8 million, or 42%, for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $3.2 million in personnel and related expenses directly associated with an increase in headcount.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses increased $7.0 million, or 40%, for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase in personnel and related expenses directly associated with an increase in headcount.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $11.4 million, or 32%, for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase in personnel and related expenses directly associated with an increase in headcount.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased $3.4 million, or 30%, for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $1.4 million in personnel and related expenses directly associated with an increase in headcount, as well as an increase in professional services of $2.0 million driven by legal costs associated with intellectual property enforcement activities, including a patent infringement suit initiated in July 2025.
General and administrative expenses increased $8.8 million, or 41%, for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $2.0 million in personnel and related expenses directly associated with an increase in headcount, as well as an increase in professional services of $6.8 million driven by legal costs associated with intellectual property enforcement activities, including a patent infringement suit initiated in July 2025.
Interest and Other Income, net
Interest and other income, net decreased $0.6 million, or 46% for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period for fiscal year 2025. The decrease in interest income was primarily due to lower balances of cash equivalents and marketable securities, compared to the same period of the prior year.
Interest and other income, net decreased $1.0 million, or 37% for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period for fiscal year 2025. The decrease in interest income was primarily due to lower balances of cash equivalents and marketable securities, compared to the same period of the prior year.
Cash Flows
The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for each of the periods presented (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Net cash used in operating activities |
|
$ |
(32,160 |
) |
|
$ |
(18,936 |
) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
|
$ |
21,835 |
|
|
$ |
(137,301 |
) |
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
$ |
2,512 |
|
|
$ |
2,008 |
|
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2026, consisted primarily of our net loss of $39.0 million and net amortization premiums on marketable securities of $1.3 million, offset by non-cash charges of stock-based compensation of $9.7 million and depreciation and amortization of $0.5 million. Additionally we had a net increase in operating assets of $0.5 million and a net decrease in operating liabilities of $1.8 million. Net operating assets increased and net operating liabilities decreased primarily due to timing of payments.
Net cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025, consisted primarily of our net loss of $26.4 million, offset by non-cash charges of stock-based compensation of $5.5 million, and depreciation and amortization of $0.7 million. Additionally we had a net decrease in operating assets of $0.2 million and a net increase in operating liabilities of $1.4 million. Net operating assets decreased due to decreases in prepaid expenses and inventory due to lower inventory purchases in the six months ended June 30, 2025. Net operating liabilities increased primarily due to timing of payments.
Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2026 was $21.8 million, and consisted of maturities of marketable securities, offset by purchases of marketable securities, equipment, and recorders provided to customers.
Net cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $137.3 million, and consisted of purchases of marketable securities, equipment, and recorders provided to customers.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2026, consisted of proceeds from the exercise of options and purchase of shares in accordance with our ESPP.
Net cash provided in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025, consisted of proceeds from the exercise of options, and offset by debt issuance costs.
IEEPA Tariffs
In April 2025, the U.S. government announced new tariffs on goods imported into the U.S. from dozens of countries, including China and the European Union member states. In response, governments have threatened or imposed reciprocal tariffs or taken other measures, and the United States is in the process of negotiating trade agreements with certain governments. In February 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled to invalidate the U.S. administration’s tariff program implemented under IEEPA.
During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company has recognized refunds of $1.6 million. Of this refund amount, $1.0 million was recognized as a reduction of cost of goods sold for product that had been sold and the remaining $0.6 million relates to inventory on hand and remains capitalized in inventory as of June 30, 2026. $1.0 million of this refund is recorded in other current assets as of June 30, 2026, and was received in cash on July 1, 2026.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to our financial results determined in accordance with GAAP, we believe the following EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA non-GAAP measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain items that may not be indicative of our business, results of operations, or outlook. However, non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measure set forth below, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are key performance measures that we use to assess our operating performance. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA facilitate internal comparisons of our historical operating performance on a more consistent basis, we use these measures for business planning purposes.
We calculate EBITDA as net loss adjusted to exclude (i) provision for income taxes (zero for each of the periods presented) (ii) depreciation and amortization expense, and (iii) interest income and interest expense, net (which consists primarily of interest income on our cash equivalents and marketable securities and interest expense on our term loans and non-cash interest charges related to amortization of debt issuance costs). We then adjust EBITDA to exclude (iv) stock-based compensation expense and (v) legal fees and related professional services costs incurred in connection with the patent infringement action we filed against Natus Medical Incorporated and certain of its subsidiaries ("Natus") in July 2025, as further described in Part II, Item 1 — Legal Proceedings of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the "Natus IP Matter"), to arrive at Adjusted EBITDA.
We are involved from time to time in routine intellectual property activities in the ordinary course of business, including patent prosecution and portfolio maintenance, and the costs of those activities are not excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. The expenses excluded as the “Natus IP Matter” relate solely to that specific, discrete enforcement action, which we believe is outside the ordinary course of our business and materially larger in magnitude than our historical intellectual property enforcement spending. Management excludes these expenses from Adjusted EBITDA because they are not representative of our underlying operating performance and because excluding them facilitates more meaningful period-over-period comparison of our results. We periodically reassess whether the costs associated with this matter continue to be appropriately excluded from Adjusted EBITDA.
Our use of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
•EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
•although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect capital expenditure requirements for such replacements;
•EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect interest expense on our outstanding indebtedness or interest income earned on our cash equivalents and marketable securities;
•EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect any provision for, or cash requirements associated with, income taxes that we may be required to pay in future periods
•other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA measures differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.
In evaluating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, we anticipate that we will continue to incur expenses similar to those reflected in the adjustments above. Accordingly, our presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as suggesting that our future results will be unaffected by these expenses. When evaluating our financial results, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should be considered alongside other financial performance measures, including our net loss and other GAAP results.
The following table presents a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
Net Loss (GAAP) |
|
$ |
(19,268 |
) |
|
$ |
(13,643 |
) |
|
$ |
(39,005 |
) |
|
$ |
(26,420 |
) |
Non-GAAP Adjustments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest (income) and expense, net |
|
|
(712 |
) |
|
|
(1,308 |
) |
|
|
(1,701 |
) |
|
|
(2,739 |
) |
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
245 |
|
|
|
324 |
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
659 |
|
EBITDA (Non-GAAP) |
|
|
(19,735 |
) |
|
|
(14,627 |
) |
|
|
(40,222 |
) |
|
|
(28,500 |
) |
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
5,998 |
|
|
|
3,167 |
|
|
|
9,721 |
|
|
|
5,515 |
|
IP litigation matter |
|
|
3,913 |
|
|
|
1,429 |
|
|
|
9,507 |
|
|
|
2,053 |
|
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) |
|
$ |
(9,824 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,031 |
) |
|
$ |
(20,994 |
) |
|
$ |
(20,932 |
) |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, we have financed operations primarily through the net proceeds we have received from the sales of our preferred stock and common stock as well as net proceeds from our term loans and cash generated from the sale of Wearables and Clarity subscriptions. On October 15, 2024, we completed our IPO and received net proceeds of $187.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses.
Our losses primarily resulted from the costs incurred in the development and sales and marketing of our products and providing general and administrative support for our operations. We expect to continue to incur losses in the foreseeable future and to expend significant amounts of cash in the foreseeable future as we continue to scale our business, invest in research and development activities, increase sales and marketing expenses to support commercial expansion, and increase general and administrative expenses to support our transition into being a publicly-traded company.
Sources of Liquidity
As of June 30, 2026, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of $129.3 million of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities and $20.0 million of term loans.
On February 6, 2024, we entered into the VLSA with SVB and Horizon. The VLSA provides a term loan commitment of $50.0 million. We drew $20.0 million of the $50.0 million term loan commitment at closing (consisting of $6.0 million from SVB and $14.0 million from Horizon), which was used to retire our existing debt with Horizon, pay transaction fees, and for general corporate purposes. The remaining $30.0 million term loan commitment consists of three tranches of $10.0 million commitments. The first $10.0 million tranche expired on June 30, 2026 and no amount was drawn. The maturity date of VLSA is March 1, 2029.
Concurrent with the VLSA, we also entered into the Revolving Facility for a line of credit of up to $10.0 million. The Revolving Facility matured on February 6, 2026 and no amounts were drawn.
On August 5, 2026, subsequent to June 30, 2026, we entered into a Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with MidCap Funding IV Trust, as agent, MidCap Financial Trust, as term loan servicer, and the lenders party thereto, providing for (i) a term loan facility, consisting of a $30.0 million commitment and an additional $25.0 million of uncommitted capital that may be available at the Lender's discretion, and (ii) a revolving loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $20.0 million, which may be increased to up to $30.0 million at the Company's discretion upon satisfaction of certain conditions set forth therein. The $20.0 million revolving credit facility operates on a non-formula basis through December 31, 2027, after which time, availability under the facility will be subject to a borrowing base based on eligible accounts receivable and inventory. The term loan is callable at the Company's request at any time before December 31, 2028. At closing, the Company borrowed $20.0 million under the revolving facility and has no balance drawn under the term loan. The proceeds of borrowings under the Credit Agreement were used to repay in full the Company's outstanding obligations under the VLSA described in Note 9. Future borrowings will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. The VLSA was terminated on August 5, 2026.
For additional information, see Note 14, “Subsequent Events,” to our financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Funding Requirements
Based on our current operating plan, we believe that the expected cash generated from revenue transactions with customers and our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, will be sufficient to fund our planned operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could deplete our capital resources sooner than we expect. We may experience lower than expected cash generated from operating activities or greater than expected capital expenditures, cost of revenue, or operating expenses, and may need to raise additional capital to fund operations, further research and development activities, or acquire, invest in, or in-license other businesses, assets, or technologies.
In order to generate and obtain adequate amounts of cash to meet requirements beyond the next 12 months, we may continue to seek funds through equity or debt financings, or through other sources of financing. Our future capital needs will depend upon many factors, including:
•the market acceptance of our products;
•the cost and pace of developing new products and our research and development activities;
•the scope, timing and costs of supporting sales growth and expansion of our commercial organization;
•the costs associated with any product recall that may occur;
•the costs associated with the manufacturing of our products at increased production levels or in different countries;
•the costs of attaining, defending, and enforcing our intellectual property rights;
•whether we acquire third-party products or technologies;
•the terms and timing of any other collaborative, licensing, and other arrangements that we may establish;
•the emergence of competing technologies or other adverse market developments;
•our ability to raise additional funds to finance our operations should they be needed in the future;
•debt service requirements; and
•the costs associated with being a public company.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Our contractual obligations at June 30, 2026 include:
Debt — Principal payments required on long-term debt outstanding at June 30, 2026, was $20.0 million. Subsequent to June 30, 2026, we entered into the Credit Agreement, which provides for (i) a term loan facility, consisting of a $30.0 million commitment and an additional $25.0 million of uncommitted capital that may be available at the Lender's discretion, and (ii) a revolving loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $20.0 million, which may be increased to up to $30.0 million at the Company's discretion upon satisfaction of certain conditions set forth therein, and materially increased our borrowing capacity and secured indebtedness; see Note 14, “Subsequent Events.”
Operating leases — As of June 30, 2026, estimated contractual obligations for operating lease payments were $2.0 million due within 19 months.
Litigation — As of June 30, 2026, we have a commitment to pay $2.9 million in deferred legal fees contingent upon the earlier of settlement or favorable Initial Determination by the Administrative Law Judge related to the Natus patent infringement complaints. The Company records a provision for a liability when management believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. No provision or accrual has been recorded related to the deferred legal fees based on currently available information; see Note 7, “Commitments and Contingencies.”
Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments, and Use of Estimates
Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and the disclosure of our contingent liabilities in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Information about our significant accounting policies and how estimates are involved in the preparation of our financial statements are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2026. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies and estimates during the six months ended June 30, 2026.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to our financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of recent accounting pronouncements applicable to our financial statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not applicable.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2026.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the quarter ended June 30, 2026 covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
Our management team, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, the effectiveness of any internal control over financial reporting is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to completely eliminate all potential for misconduct. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in any cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
On July 7, 2025, we filed patent infringement complaints against Natus Medical Incorporated and related subsidiaries (“Natus”) with the U.S. International Trade Commission (“USITC”) and the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (the “District Court”), alleging that Natus is infringing on six patents owned by us related to important features of the Ceribell EEG headband and electrode design through Natus’s making, using, selling, offering for sale in the United States, and/or importing into the United States, of rapid point-of-care EEG monitoring products (the “Natus Products”), and that Natus is engaging in unfair competition. We have requested that the USITC investigate these claims and issue an exclusion order to bar the importation of any infringing Natus Products into the United States. We have also requested in the District Court a permanent injunction against the Natus Products and an award of damages sufficient to compensate us for the alleged infringement, as well as other costs and expenses in this action. On August 6, 2025, the USITC instituted an investigation of these claims pursuant to Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and on August 12, 2025, the District Court granted a stay of the pending patent infringement action until the final determination of the USITC investigation. Trial proceedings in the USITC investigation concluded as of June 12, 2026, and the parties are now in the process of post-trial briefing. An initial determination is expected by November 19, 2026, and a final determination by March 2027.
We may become involved in other various legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities. We are not presently a party to any litigation the outcome of which, we believe, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together, materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Involvement in legal proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of legal expenses and settlement costs, diversion of management attention and resources, and other factors.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this Quarterly Report, including our financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. The occurrence of any of the events or developments described below could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In such an event, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe are not material may also impair our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Business and Industry Risk Factors
We have a limited operating history and have experienced rapid growth, which may strain our resources and make it difficult to evaluate our business and future prospects. If we are unable to manage our expansion effectively, our business could be materially and adversely affected.
We were founded in 2014 and began selling Ceribell headbands, recorder, and portal in 2018. Since our formation in 2014, we have achieved several key operational milestones that we believe position us for continued growth and success, including our receipt of 510(k) clearance from the FDA for our recorder and headband in 2017, our first commercial sales in 2018, our receipt of 510(k) clearance from the FDA for an early version of Clarity in 2019, and our growth to over 300 employees as of March 31, 2026. Accordingly, we have a limited operating history, which makes evaluation of our future prospects difficult. In that time, we have experienced periods of significant growth in revenue and employees and rapid changes in our business, which have required us to scale the size of our organization and infrastructure.
Any growth that we experience in the future will require us to further expand our sales and marketing and research and development personnel (including those with software and hardware expertise), our manufacturing operations, and our general and administrative infrastructure. In addition to the need to scale our operational capacity, future growth will impose significant added responsibilities on management, including the need to identify, recruit, train, and integrate additional employees. Rapid expansion in personnel could impact our capacity to manufacture, market, sell, and support our products, which could result in inefficiencies, unanticipated costs, and disruptions to our operations, and could also pose challenges to retaining our existing employees, including through increased reliance on overtime that could result in greater attrition and reduced productivity. While our quarterly revenues have generally increased since our commercial launch, our results of operations have fluctuated in the past, and our future quarterly and annual results of operations may fluctuate as we focus on increasing demand for our products. We may need to make business decisions that could adversely affect our results of operations and prospects, such as modifications to our pricing and reimbursement strategy, business structure, or operations.
The challenges we face in managing our business, including the changing reimbursement and regulatory landscapes, place significant demands on our management, financial, operational, manufacturing, technological, and other resources, and we expect that managing our business will continue to require us to develop and improve our operational, financial and other internal controls, reporting systems, and procedures at a pace consistent with our growth. Continued growth increases challenges in areas such as recruiting and retaining sufficient skilled personnel, providing adequate training and supervision to maintain high-quality product standards and regulatory compliance, and preserving our culture and values. We have also had, and may in the future experience, delays with onboarding new accounts due to scheduling and other logistical issues. We may not be able to address these challenges in a cost-effective manner, or at all. As we grow, we may also need to invest significant resources to improve and expand our manufacturing capabilities and technology, and we may not be able to do so in a cost-effective manner or at all. We cannot assure you that changes in scale, quality, or compliance assurance, including those related to any future additional indications for the Ceribell System, will be successfully implemented or that appropriate personnel will be available to facilitate the management of our business. Failure to implement necessary quality and compliance procedures, transition to new manufacturing processes or supply chains, or hire or maintain necessary personnel could result in higher costs or an inability to meet demand. In addition, our business is affected by general macroeconomic and business conditions around the world, including the impacts of inflation, increased interest rates, market instability, geopolitical conditions and conflicts, health crises, and natural disasters. If we do not effectively manage our growth and the various challenges we face, we may not be able to execute on our business plan, respond to competitive pressures, take advantage of market opportunities, satisfy customer requirements, or maintain high-quality products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We have a history of net losses, and we expect to incur additional substantial losses in the foreseeable future.
We have incurred net losses since inception, and we expect to incur additional substantial losses in the foreseeable future. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, we incurred a net loss of $39.0 million. As of June 30, 2026, we had an accumulated deficit of $259.4 million. We also expect our operating expenses to increase in future periods, and if our revenue growth does not increase to more than offset these anticipated increases in our operating expenses, we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability, and our business,
financial condition, results of operations, and prospects will be harmed. Since inception, we have spent significant amounts to develop the Ceribell System and related algorithms, to fund clinical studies, to develop and build our manufacturing capacities, to scale our commercial operations, and to recruit and retain key talent.
We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies, including increasing expenses as we continue to grow our business. We expect our operating expenses to increase significantly over the next several years as we continue to expand our operations and infrastructure and continue to develop the Ceribell System and related algorithms, including for any future additional indications. In addition to the anticipated costs of growing our business, we also expect to incur additional legal, accounting, and other expert expenses as we grow. These investments may be more costly than we expect, and if we do not achieve the benefits anticipated from these investments, or if the realization of these benefits is delayed, they may not result in increased revenue or growth in our business. If our growth rate were to decline significantly or become negative, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We cannot assure you that we will achieve profitability in the future or that, if we do become profitable, we will be able to sustain or increase profitability. Our prior losses, combined with potential future losses, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital.
We depend on sales from the use of the Ceribell System for our revenue. If we are unable to successfully achieve substantial market acceptance and adoption of the Ceribell System, or any of our future products, or if confidence in our products is diminished, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects would be harmed.
We expect that revenue from sales of the Ceribell System will continue to account for almost all of our revenue for the foreseeable future. Continued and widespread market acceptance of alternatives to conventional EEG systems, particularly in the acute care setting, is critical to our future success. The size of our customer base and our ability to acquire new customers is critical to our success as well. Thus, our commercial success will depend in large part on further adoption of the Ceribell System by hospital customers and healthcare professionals and an increase in the number of patients evaluated with it in the acute care setting, as well as on our ability to retain existing customers. Existing customers may choose to terminate or not renew their subscription typically on 30 days’ notice to us without payment of a penalty or termination fee, and we may not be able to replace any customers that elect to terminate or not renew their subscriptions with us.
We spend significant amounts on marketing and brand-building initiatives to increase market awareness of the Ceribell System, reinforce the importance of prompt diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus, and highlight the limitations of conventional EEG systems. We believe these programs are essential to increasing adoption; however, these initiatives may not be successful or cost-effective. If our marketing efforts prove less successful than anticipated, we may not be able to recover our spend, and our rates of customer acquisition or retention may fail to meet market expectations.
Various factors can contribute to our ability to effectively engage and retain customers and their use of our products. For example, hospitals and healthcare professionals may be reluctant to purchase or use the Ceribell System due to familiarity with conventional EEG systems that are well-established and known to them, and because they must continue to use conventional EEG systems outside of the acute care setting. Our ability to grow sales of the Ceribell System and drive market acceptance will depend on successfully educating hospitals and healthcare professionals of the relative benefits of the Ceribell System compared to the standard of care, which includes conventional EEG systems in the acute care setting, as well as educating such hospitals or healthcare professionals regarding the uses and limitations of the Ceribell System.
If healthcare professionals do not perceive our products to be useful, effective, reliable, and trustworthy, or if we are unable to provide sufficient training to healthcare professionals or harmonize our products with hospital information technology systems, we may not be able to attract or retain customers. Healthcare professionals may perceive the Ceribell System to be less useful if they do not subscribe for access to the Clarity algorithm as part of their use of the Ceribell System, whether because of incremental cost, lack of familiarity or trust in the algorithm’s diagnostic accuracy, or if, for similar reasons, they do not rely on the Clarity algorithm (including automated alerts) to interpret the EEG results produced by the Ceribell System. In addition, building a strong brand is critical to our success, but negative clinical research results or publicity or an adverse change to published or unpublished guidelines or recommendations from third parties (including, without limitation, medical societies) relating to the use, clinical benefit, or risk profile of the Ceribell System or AI-enabled devices, or reduced montage EEGs or rapid EEGs in general could result in negative perception by healthcare professionals and affect our brand and reputation. For example, Villamar et al. (2023), a study that retrospectively reviewed EEG recordings for 21 patients who were admitted to a medical intensive care unit after cardiac arrest, found that the Clarity algorithm that was in use at the time of the study did not detect seizures in the four patients who were experiencing them. While we constantly work to improve the Ceribell algorithm and overall Ceribell System, the technologies we work with are novel and complex, and we cannot assure you that there will not be additional negative reports on the Ceribell System in the future. Further, customers who are dissatisfied with their experiences with the Ceribell System may post negative reviews, and we have been, and may in the future become, the subject of blog, forum, or other social media postings that contain negative statements about us, which are outside of our control and
may be inaccurate. Any negative publicity, whether real or perceived, disseminated by word-of-mouth, the general media, electronic or social networking platforms, competitor materials, or other methods, could harm our reputation and brand and could severely diminish consumer confidence in our products. Further, a shortage of neurologists or other clinicians (if any) available to read the results of the Ceribell System, could negatively affect the timely assessment of data from the Ceribell System. Lack of support for our products from healthcare professionals can affect how receptive physicians will be to use our products for their patients and could result in decreased demand for our products. Negative healthcare professional perception could also render us less attractive to future hospital customers, which could result in decreased sales of our products. A number of other factors, including the impacts of economic conditions and regulatory changes on hospital budgets and spending patterns, could potentially negatively affect new customer acquisitions and demand for our products.
We operate in a highly competitive industry, and competitive pressures could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
The market for EEG alternatives is competitive in terms of development, availability, pricing, product quality, and time-to-market. Our primary competition is from conventional EEG systems, which are used in the majority of hospitals in the United States that have resources to purchase and support EEG systems. These competitors have greater name and brand recognition, greater market share, greater resources, stronger financial profiles, and may have larger sales forces than we do, as well as legacy status among hospitals. For example, the two primary conventional EEG providers in the United States are Natus and Nihon Kohden, both of which have much longer operating histories than we do. We also face competition from companies that provide or are developing rapid EEG systems, including Nihon Kohden, Natus, and other companies, that can be used in the acute care and other settings (e.g., home and ambulance), or EEG systems specifically for use in the acute care setting, and conventional EEG providers may also seek to develop additional EEG systems. Our competitors may be able to offer products similar or superior to ours at a more attractive price than we can. Our competitors could also be better positioned to serve certain segments of our market, which could create additional price pressure. In light of these factors, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, or customer requirements. As a result, even if the Ceribell System is more effective than our competitors’ products, current or potential customers may accept competitive products, including conventional EEG systems and rapid EEG systems that can be used in multiple settings, in lieu of purchasing and using our products. In addition, because the Ceribell System is supplemental to, and not a replacement for, conventional EEG systems for rapid acute care diagnosis, customers may view our products as an additional expense and choose to purchase and maintain only conventional EEG systems. If we are unable to successfully compete, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Adapting our manufacturing and production capacities to evolving patterns of demand is expensive, time-consuming, and subject to significant uncertainties. We may not be able to adequately predict emerging customer trends and may be unable to adjust our production and inventory levels in a timely manner.
We market the Ceribell System directly to potential customers in the United States, where we face the risk of significant changes in the demand for our products, including demand for our disposable Wearables based on usage rates. If demand decreases, we will need to implement capacity and cost reduction measures involving restructuring costs. If demand increases, we will be required to make capital expenditures related to increased production and expenditures to hire and train production, sales and marketing, and product support personnel. This would put pressure on our internal and third-party manufacturing capabilities. For example, a sudden increase in demand could require increased production of components, such as our disposable Wearables that are intended for single patient use, so that our customers can timely deliver care to their patients. Adapting to changes in demand inherently lags behind the actual changes because it takes time to identify the change the market is undergoing and to implement any measures to take as a result. Finally, capacity adjustments are inherently risky because there is imperfect information, and sales trends may rapidly intensify, ebb, or even reverse. We may be unable to accurately or timely predict trends in demand and customer behavior or to take appropriate measures to mitigate risks and react to opportunities resulting from such trends. Any inability in the future to identify or to adequately and effectively react to changes in demand could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
In addition, we may experience challenges managing the inventory of components of the Ceribell System, which can lead to excess inventory. Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs or write-offs, which could impact our gross margins. Reserves and write-downs for discounts, promotions, and excess inventory are recorded based on our strategic plans and forecast of future demand. Actual future demand could be less than our forecast, which may result in additional reserves and write-downs in the future, or actual demand could be stronger than our forecast, which may result in a reduction to previously recorded reserves and write-downs in the future and increase the volatility of our operating results.
Changes in trade policy, tariffs, and our reliance on international manufacturing and supply chain operations expose us to foreign operational and trade risks that may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The U.S. government has implemented or proposed changes to international trade policy through the renegotiation or potential
termination of existing trade agreements and the imposition of tariffs on a wide range of products from China, Vietnam, countries in EMEA, and other regions. In response, China and other countries have imposed or proposed additional tariffs and trade restrictions on imports from the United States. Trade relations between the United States and China remain volatile and uncertain. In 2025, the U.S. imposed additional tariffs on imports from China, Vietnam, and other regions and announced and subsequently paused implementation of certain tariffs. These actions and related retaliation have created significant market uncertainty and may affect the prices of and demand for our products, negatively impacting our results of operations.
We rely on manufacturing facilities and third-party suppliers outside the United States, including in China and Vietnam, for the primary assembly and inspection of our Wearables and for a significant portion of our components. We rely on two primary contract manufacturers in China and maintain contractors in China who perform monitoring and quality inspection services. Our operations also depend on the availability of raw materials and components.
Our suppliers and manufacturers in China expose us to political, legal, and economic risks, including deterioration of U.S.–China relations and changes in U.S. and Chinese laws and regulations relating to sanctions, taxation, import and export restrictions, tariffs, environmental protection, intellectual property, currency controls, cybersecurity, labor and human rights practices, privacy, and public health. Tariffs on products imported from China could adversely affect our suppliers’ operations, potentially causing disruptions or requiring us to transition to alternative manufacturers.
In addition, the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act could prohibit the importation of products or components if any portion of our supply chain is determined to involve forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Trade regulations in China remain fluid, and sustained geopolitical tensions could result in additional tariffs, trade restrictions, or a global economic slowdown.
Increased tariffs and countermeasures could raise costs, limit material availability, disrupt global supply chains, increase market volatility, and create operational challenges, materially adversely affecting our sales, gross margins, and customer demand.
Although we have engaged vendors and a contract manufacturer in Vietnam to mitigate certain supply chain risks, these efforts may not be effective, may increase capital and operating costs, and could adversely affect our operating results. Labor costs in China have increased and may continue to rise, and shortages of qualified workers could further constrain production and increase costs passed on to us.
Our international operations also expose us to risks including logistics disruptions, higher component costs, quality control issues, political and economic instability, geopolitical conflicts, outbreaks of contagious diseases, regulatory restrictions, intellectual property protection challenges, currency fluctuations, adverse tax consequences, lack of long-term supplier commitments, supplier failures, and labor disputes or natural disasters.
Geopolitical conflicts may increase our costs and disrupt our supply chain.
Ongoing geopolitical tensions and military conflict in the Middle East, including the conflict involving Iran, have disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, global energy and transportation markets, including shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical corridor for international trade. These developments may result in increased fuel and logistics costs, reduced shipping availability, and broader supply chain constraints.
We rely on third-party manufacturers and suppliers, including in China and Vietnam, for the production and assembly of our products and components. As a result, supply chain and transportation disruptions, as well as increases in supplier and logistics costs, may delay our ability to obtain components and deliver finished products and increase our operating costs. In addition, increased costs incurred by our suppliers or contract manufacturers may be passed through to us, which could adversely affect our gross margins.
Geopolitical instability may also contribute to broader macroeconomic impacts, including inflationary pressures and financial market volatility. The duration and severity of these developments are uncertain, and any escalation could exacerbate these risks. If we are unable to effectively manage these impacts, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be adversely affected.
If we cannot innovate at the pace of our competitors, we may not be able to develop or exploit new technologies in time to remain competitive.
For us to remain competitive, it is essential to be at the forefront of new technologies, including in the rapidly evolving area of AI. If we are unable to meet customer demands for new technology, or if the technologies we introduce are viewed less favorably than our competitors’ products, our results of operations and future prospects may be negatively affected. To meet our customers’ needs in these areas, we must continuously work on our product design, develop our algorithms, and invest in and develop new technologies. We will also need to anticipate customer demand with respect to these technologies and which technological advances are most desirable in the EEG monitoring products and any future additional products we market. This need will require our employees to continue learning and adapting to new technologies, and will require us to compete for highly skilled talent in a competitive market. Our operating results depend to a significant extent on our ability to anticipate and adapt to technological changes in the EEG monitoring market, maintain
innovation, maintain a strong product pipeline, and reduce or maintain low costs for producing high-quality EEG monitoring products. Any inability to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
AI presents risks and challenges that can impact our business, including by posing security risks to our confidential information, proprietary information, and personal data.
Issues in the development and use of AI, including the algorithms used in the Clarity platform and other AI-enabled features of the Ceribell System, combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, liability, or other adverse consequences to our business operations. As with many technological innovations, AI presents risks and challenges that could impact our business. We may adopt and integrate AI tools, including generative AI tools, for specific use cases reviewed by legal and information security. Our vendors may incorporate generative AI tools into their offerings without disclosing this use to us, and the providers of these generative AI tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards with respect to privacy and data protection and may inhibit our or our vendors’ ability to maintain an adequate level of service and experience.
If we, our vendors, or our third-party partners experience an actual or perceived breach or privacy or security incident because of the use of AI, we may lose valuable intellectual property and confidential information and our reputation and the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of AI, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information, and intellectual property. Any of these outcomes could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any future sales in international markets will subject us to additional costs and risks that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
To date, all of our sales have been to customers in the United States. We intend to enter into international markets in the future, and there are significant costs and risks inherent in conducting business in international markets. Upon our expansion into foreign markets, we will be subject to new business risks, in addition to regulatory risks. See the risk factor titled, “We face risks related to obtaining necessary foreign regulatory clearance or approvals.” In addition, expansion into foreign markets will impose additional burdens on our executive and administrative personnel, finance and legal teams, sales and marketing teams, and general managerial resources.
We have limited experience with international regulatory regimes and market practices, and we may not be able to penetrate or successfully generate sales in new markets. We may also encounter difficulty expanding into international markets because of limited brand recognition in certain parts of the world, leading to delayed acceptance of our products by potential customers in these international markets. In addition, international markets may have different reimbursement pathways that present additional challenges and make those markets less commercially viable. If we are unable to expand internationally and manage the complexity of international sales operations successfully, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. If our efforts to introduce our products into foreign markets are not successful, we may have expended significant resources without realizing the expected benefit. Ultimately, the investment required for expansion into foreign markets could exceed the results of operations generated from this expansion.
If we fail to attract and retain senior management and other key personnel, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
Our success depends in part on our continued ability to attract, retain, and motivate highly qualified management, sales and marketing, and research and development personnel, including those with hardware expertise and software expertise, in particular in the area of AI. We are highly dependent upon our senior management team as well as our senior technology personnel. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, planned or unplanned departures of members of our senior management team or senior technology personnel. Any loss of services, whether planned or unplanned, of any of the members of our senior management team could adversely affect our business until a suitable replacement can be found.
Competition for qualified personnel in the medical device field in general and the EEG field specifically is intense, due to the limited number of individuals who possess the training, skills, and experience required by our industry. We intend to continue to review and, where necessary, strengthen our senior management as the needs of our business develop, including through internal promotion and external hires. However, there may be a limited number of people with the requisite competencies to serve in these positions, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to locate or employ such qualified personnel on terms acceptable to us or at all. We also face significant competition for personnel where our main office is located in the San Francisco Bay Area. To attract and maintain key personnel, we need to remain competitive in our “total rewards” offers to employees, including attractive cash compensation, equity, and benefits packages. While we regularly assess market trends for any changes in compensation across all functions, we need to remain diligent in our compensation benchmarking, especially for key personnel, to ensure we are providing attractive offers to new employees and compensating existing employees well. Therefore, the loss of one or more of our key personnel, whether planned or unplanned, or our failure to attract and retain additional key personnel, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results
of operations, and prospects. In addition, to the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we have been, and may in the future be, subject to allegations that they have been improperly solicited or that they have divulged proprietary or other confidential information, or that their former employers own their research output.
If we fail to maintain our culture, our business may be negatively affected.
Maintaining a positive company culture is necessary to enable us to retain and hire key talent and have a cohesive, aligned employee base. Our ability to maintain this culture will directly affect the continued growth and success of our company. Our culture could face sustainability challenges as we continue to grow. Potential obstacles include reduced adoption of our culture by new employees, limited ability to maintain consistency of culture within business teams, and failure to attract and retain leaders who are mission-minded and support our culture.
If we are unable to successfully develop new products and effectively manage their introduction or improve our existing products, our business may be adversely affected.
We must successfully manage introductions of new or enhanced products or new or enhanced features of the Ceribell System and Clarity, including those related to any future indications in addition to seizure. Introductions of new products or features of the Ceribell System and Clarity could also adversely impact the sales of our existing products to customers. For instance, the introduction or announcement of a new or advanced Ceribell System could shorten the life cycle of our existing devices or reduce demand for them, potentially reducing any benefits of successful new product or enhancement introductions and leading to challenges in managing the inventory of existing products. In addition, new or enhanced products may have higher manufacturing, marketing, information technology, or other costs than our existing products, or lower market acceptance, which could negatively impact our gross margins and operating results. As the technological complexity of our products increases, the infrastructure to support our products, such as our design and manufacturing processes and technical support for our products, may also become more complex. Accordingly, if we fail to effectively manage introductions of new or advanced products, our business may be adversely affected.
Our products are complex to design and manufacture and can contain defects. The production and sale of defective products could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit sales of our products.
The Ceribell System contains highly complex electronic components, which are sourced from external third parties, and there is an inherent risk that defects may occur in the production of any of our products. Although we rely on the suppliers’ internal procedures designed to minimize risks that may arise from quality issues, there can be no assurance that we or our suppliers will be able to eliminate or mitigate occurrences of these issues and associated liabilities. In addition to the risk of product returns by our customers due to product defects, we face exposure to product liability claims in the event that any of our devices are alleged to have resulted in personal injury, over- or under-reporting of seizures resulting in inappropriate diagnosis or treatment, damage to property, or otherwise to have caused harm. We may be sued if any of our devices allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing, sale, or use. For example, Clarity is not designed to detect all short seizures, and users of the Ceribell System may allege the failure to detect all short seizures is a defect. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers or limitations inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability, and a breach of warranty. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit sales of our products. Even successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:
•decreased demand for our current or future products;
•injury to our reputation;
•costs to defend the related litigation;
•a diversion of management’s time and our resources;
•substantial monetary awards to customers and patients;
•regulatory investigations, product recalls, withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions;
•the inability to sell our current or any future products.
Our inability to obtain and maintain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost and scope of coverage to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the sale of our current or any future products we develop. Although we currently carry product liability insurance, any claim that may be brought against us could result in a court judgment or settlement in an
amount that is not covered, in whole or in part, by our insurance or that is in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. Our insurance policies also have various exclusions and deductibles, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. We will have to pay any amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient funds to pay such amounts. Moreover, in the future, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts to protect us against losses. The production and sale of defective products in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
The size and expected growth of our addressable market has not been established with precision, and may be smaller than we estimate.
Our estimates of the addressable market for our current products and any future products are based on a number of internal and third-party estimates and assumptions, including the prevalence of seizures in the acute care setting and additional indications we intend to expand into, and the level of underutilization of EEG in the acute care setting. While we believe our assumptions and the data underlying our estimates are reasonable, these assumptions and estimates may not be correct. As a result, our estimates of the addressable market for our current or future products may prove to be incorrect. If the actual number of patients who would benefit from our products and services, the price at which we can sell future products or services or the addressable market for our products or services is smaller than we estimate, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Alternative technologies or therapies addressing seizure, non-convulsive status epilepticus or other indications we intend to expand into could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
If medical research were to lead to the discovery of alternative therapies or technologies that address seizure, status epilepticus or other indications we intend to expand into in a way that is or is perceived to be more accurate, reliable, cost-effective, or otherwise improved relative to the Ceribell System, for example through alternative monitoring or testing technologies, medication, or therapies, the demand for our products could decrease significantly, leading to a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We may in the future be deemed to manufacture or contract to manufacture products that contain conflict minerals.
We may in the future be deemed to manufacture or contract to manufacture products that contain certain minerals that have been designated as “conflict minerals” under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. As a result, in future periods, we may be required to diligence the origin of such minerals and disclose and report whether or not such minerals originated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or adjoining countries. The implementation of these new requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability, and pricing of materials used in the manufacture of our products. In addition, we may incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to determining the source of any relevant minerals and metals used in our products.
Macroeconomic conditions could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Macroeconomic conditions, such as high inflationary pressure, changes to monetary policy, high interest rates, volatile currency exchange rates, credit and debt concerns, decreasing consumer confidence and spending, including capital spending, concerns about the stability and liquidity of certain financial institutions, the introduction of or changes in tariffs or trade barriers, and global recessions can adversely impact demand for our products, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Recent macroeconomic conditions have been adversely impacted by geopolitical instability and military hostilities in multiple geographies, including the conflict involving Iran, as well as monetary and financial uncertainties.
The impacts of these macroeconomic conditions, and the actions taken by governments, central banks, companies, and consumers in response, have resulted in, and may continue to result in, higher inflation in the United States and globally, which is likely, in turn, to lead to an increase in costs and may cause changes in fiscal and monetary policy, including additional increases in interest rates. Other adverse impacts of recent macroeconomic conditions have been, and may continue to be, supply chain constraints, logistics challenges, liquidity concerns in the broader financial services industry, and fluctuations in labor availability.
In a higher inflationary environment, we may be unable to raise the prices of our products sufficiently to keep up with the rate of inflation. A higher inflationary environment can also negatively impact raw material, component, and logistics costs that, in turn, may increase the costs of producing and distributing our products.
Hospitals, in particular, are experiencing and may continue to experience financial and operational pressures as a result of staffing shortages, the supply chain environment, and high inflation, which could impact their ability to access capital markets and other funding
sources, increase the cost of funding, or impede their ability to comply with debt covenants, all of which could impede their ability to provide patient care and impact their profitability. To the extent that hospitals face financial pressures, delayed access, or loss of access to uninsured deposits, reductions in government spending or higher interest rates, hospitals’ ability or willingness to spend on equipment may be adversely impacted, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Also, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, supply chain constraints, including difficulties obtaining a sufficient supply or increased prices of component materials used in our products. Increased interest rates may make access to credit more difficult, which may result in the insolvency of key suppliers, which would exacerbate supply chain challenges. Such supply chain constraints could cause us to fail to meet product demand or maintain our margins.
Shutdowns of the U.S. federal government could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
The U.S. federal government has shut down multiple times in the past, and certain regulatory agencies, including the FDA, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”), the USITC, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”), the U.S. Department of Defense, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, have had to furlough employees and suspend some of their activities. A prolonged shutdown could delay regulatory reviews and approvals, litigation proceedings, or government program implementations and could ultimately disrupt or delay our research and development, manufacturing, commercialization, or intellectual property enforcement activities. Any such delays or disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Risk Related to Regulatory Matters
If adequate reimbursement becomes unavailable for the diagnostic tests using our products, it could diminish our sales or affect our ability to sell the Ceribell System profitably.
Diagnostic tests performed with the Ceribell System are generally reimbursed under existing physician and hospital codes. Our ability to increase sales of the Ceribell System depends, in significant part, on the availability of adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payers, including governmental payers (such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs in the United States), managed care organizations, and private health insurers. Third-party payers decide which diagnostic tests they will cover and establish reimbursement rates for those tests. We do not bill any third-party payers for the Ceribell System. Instead, we invoice healthcare providers and the cost is bundled into the reimbursement received by healthcare providers for the tests using the Ceribell System.
We expect the Ceribell System will continue to be purchased by hospitals who will then seek reimbursement from third-party payers. Reimbursement for the hospital services during an inpatient stay generally is made under a prospective payment system that is determined by a classification system known as diagnosis-related groups, which are assigned using a number of factors including the principal diagnosis, major procedures, discharged status, patient age, and complicating secondary diagnoses, among other things. In August 2023, CMS approved an NTAP under the Medicare inpatient prospective payment system for our newest Clarity algorithm, effective October 1, 2023. In August 2026, CMS granted an NTAP under the Medicare inpatient prospective payment system for eligible Medicare patient cases utilizing our Delirium Monitor System, effective October 1, 2026. The NTAP designation for a product lasts for no more than three years for a specific indication. Once an applicable NTAP expires or our products are otherwise no longer eligible for such NTAP, our customers may no longer receive additional reimbursement to offset the costs associated with the use of our products, which could adversely affect their profit margins. In light of the potential unreimbursed costs, some of our target customers may be unwilling to adopt our products and some of our existing customers may terminate their contracts with us.
While third-party payers currently cover and provide reimbursement for tests using the Ceribell System, we can give no assurance that these third-party payers will continue to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement, or that current reimbursement levels for the tests will continue. Third-party payers, whether foreign or domestic, or governmental or commercial, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. In addition, no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for tests using our products exists among third-party payers. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for tests using our products can differ significantly from payer to payer. Other competitive products may be more widely covered or subject to different reimbursement policies and requirements, which could impact demand for our products.
Furthermore, the overall amount of reimbursement available for EEG monitoring and seizure diagnosis could decrease in the future. We cannot be sure that the reimbursement amounts available for hospital services and tests using the Ceribell System will not reduce or otherwise negatively impact the demand for our products. Further, coverage policies and third-party reimbursement rates may change at any time. Even if favorable coverage and reimbursement status is attained, less favorable coverage policies and reimbursement rates may be implemented in the future. Failure by users of the Ceribell System to obtain adequate reimbursement for these tests would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
The continued commercialization of our products depends in part on the extent to which governmental authorities and health insurers provide coverage and adequate reimbursement levels. Failure to obtain and maintain coverage and adequate reimbursement for our products could limit our ability to market those products and decrease our ability to generate revenue.
While third-party payers generally currently cover and provide reimbursement for diagnostic tests using the Ceribell System, there is significant uncertainty related to the insurance coverage and reimbursement of newly approved and launched products. In the United States, third-party payers, including private and governmental payers, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs, play an important role in determining the extent to which new devices will be covered. The Medicare and Medicaid programs increasingly are used as models in the United States for how private payers and other governmental payers develop their coverage and reimbursement policies for medical devices. Some third-party payers may require pre-approval of coverage for new or innovative devices before they will reimburse healthcare providers who use such devices.
In addition, customers that use our products may be subject to reimbursement claim denials upon submission of their claims. Customers may also be subject to recovery of overpayments if a payer makes payment for the claim and subsequently determines that the payer’s coding, billing, or coverage policies were not followed. These events, or any other decline in the amount payers are willing to reimburse our customers, could make it difficult for existing customers to continue using or to adopt our products and could create additional pricing pressure for us. If we are forced to lower the price we charge for our products, our gross margins will decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Obtaining coverage and reimbursement can be a time-consuming process that could require us to provide supporting scientific, clinical, and cost-effectiveness data for the use of our products. We may not be able to provide data sufficient to satisfy governmental and other third-party payers that diagnostic tests using our products should be covered and reimbursed. In addition, payers continually review new and existing technologies for possible coverage and can, without notice, deny or reverse coverage for new or existing products and tests. There can also be no assurance that third-party payer policies will provide coverage for tests using our products.
Further, we believe that future coverage and reimbursement may be subject to increased restrictions, such as additional prior authorization requirements, both in the United States and in international markets, which may impact utilization of our products and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In Europe, reimbursement is entirely regulated at member state level, varies significantly between countries, and member states are facing increased pressure to limit public healthcare spending. Third-party coverage and reimbursement for our products or any of our products in development for which we may receive regulatory clearance, certification, or approval may not be available or adequate in either the United States or international markets. If demand for our products is adversely affected by third-party reimbursement policies and decisions, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We are subject to certain federal and state fraud and abuse laws and transparency laws, and any failure to comply could subject us to substantial penalties or other adverse consequences. In addition, any challenge to or investigation into our practices under these laws could cause adverse publicity and be costly to respond to, and thus could harm our business.
There are numerous U.S. federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback, false claims, and transparency laws regarding payments and other transfers of value made to physicians and other healthcare professionals. Our business practices and relationships with providers are subject to scrutiny under these laws. The healthcare laws and regulations that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to:
•The federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons and entities from soliciting, offering, receiving, or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, to induce either the referral of an individual or furnishing or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. The U.S. government has interpreted this law broadly to apply to the marketing and sales activities of medical device manufacturers. In addition, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation;
•The federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalties laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other federal healthcare programs that are false or fraudulent; knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim, or knowingly making a false statement to avoid, decrease, or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government. In addition, certain marketing practices that, for example, induce providers to upcode to a higher reimbursement service or site of service, may also violate false claims laws. Moreover, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal civil False Claims Act. Private individuals can bring False Claims Act “qui tam” actions, on behalf of the government and such individuals, commonly known as “whistleblowers,” may share in amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement;
•The federal Civil Monetary Penalties Law, which prohibits, among other things, offering or transferring remuneration to a federal healthcare beneficiary that a person knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary’s decision to order or receive items or services reimbursable by the government from a particular provider or supplier;
•The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, and regulations implemented thereunder (collectively, “HIPAA”), which, in addition to privacy protections applicable to healthcare providers and other entities, prohibits, among other things, executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program and making false statements relating to healthcare matters. Similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation;
•The federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which requires certain applicable manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics, and medical supplies for which payment is available under certain federal healthcare programs, to monitor and report to CMS, certain payments and other transfers of value to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists, and chiropractors), certain other non-physician practitioners (physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, anesthesiologist assistants, certified registered nurse anesthetists, anesthesiology assistants, and certified nurse midwives), and teaching hospitals, and to report annually ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members;
•U.S. federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm customers; and
•Analogous state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, state anti-kickback, and false claims laws; state laws requiring device companies to comply with specific compliance standards, restrict payments made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources, and report information related to payments and other transfers of value to healthcare providers or marketing expenditures; and state laws related to insurance fraud in the case of claims involving private insurers.
These laws and regulations, among other things, constrain our business, marketing and other promotional and research activities by limiting the kinds of financial arrangements, including sales programs, we may have with hospitals, physicians, or other potential purchasers of our products. In particular, these laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commission, customer incentive programs, and other business arrangements, as well as interactions with healthcare professionals through consultant arrangements, product training, sponsorships, or other activities. Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements with third parties will comply with applicable healthcare and other laws and regulations will involve substantial costs. It is possible that governmental authorities will conclude that our business practices, including arrangements with teleneurology providers and customers for the provision of remote EEG interpretation services or agreements we have entered into with physicians who are paid, in part, in the form of stock or stock options, do not comply with current or future statutes, regulations, agency guidance, or case law involving applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. Due to the breadth of these laws, the narrowness of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors available, and the range of interpretations to which they are subject, governmental authorities may possibly conclude that our business practices may not comply with healthcare laws and regulations.
To enforce compliance with the healthcare regulatory laws, certain enforcement bodies have recently increased their scrutiny of interactions between healthcare companies and healthcare providers, which has led to a number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and settlements in the healthcare industry. Responding to investigations can be time-and resource-consuming and can divert management’s attention from the business. We may be subject to private qui tam actions brought by individual whistleblowers on behalf of the federal or state governments, with potential liability under the federal False Claims Act including mandatory treble damages and significant per-claim penalties. In addition, as a result of these investigations and qui tam actions, we may have to agree to additional compliance and reporting requirements as part of a consent decree or corporate integrity agreement. Any such investigation or settlement could increase our costs or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Even an unsuccessful challenge or investigation into our practices could cause adverse publicity and be costly to respond to.
If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the federal and state laws described above or any other current or future fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to significant penalties, including significant criminal, civil, and administrative penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from participation in government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, imprisonment, contractual damages, reputation harm, oversight if we become subject to a consent decree or corporate integrity agreement, or disgorgement, and we could be required to curtail, restructure or cease our operations. Any of the foregoing consequences will have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Our employees, consultants and other commercial partners may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory standards and requirements.
We are exposed to the risk that our employees, consultants, and other commercial partners and business associates may engage in fraudulent or illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless, or negligent conduct or other unauthorized activities that violate the regulations of the FDA and other regulators (both domestic and foreign), including those laws requiring the reporting of true, complete, and accurate information to such regulators, manufacturing standards, healthcare fraud and abuse laws, and regulations in the United States and internationally or laws that require the true, complete, and accurate reporting of financial information or data. In particular, sales, marketing, and business arrangements in the healthcare industry, including the sale of medical devices, are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to prevent fraud, misconduct, kickbacks, self-dealing, and other abusive practices. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by our employees, consultants, and other third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with these laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could result in the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions, including the imposition of civil, criminal, and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, oversight if we become subject to a consent decree or corporate integrity agreement, and curtailment of operations, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Whether or not we are successful in defending against such actions or investigations, we could incur substantial costs, including legal fees and reputational harm, and divert the attention of management in defending ourselves against any of these claims or investigations.
Healthcare policy changes, including recently enacted legislation reforming the U.S. healthcare system, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
In the United States, there have been and continue to be a number of legislative and regulatory initiatives to contain healthcare costs. Federal and state lawmakers regularly propose and, at times, enact legislation that would result in significant changes to the healthcare system, some of which are intended to contain or reduce the costs of medical products and services. Current and future legislative proposals to further reform healthcare or reduce healthcare costs may limit coverage of or lower reimbursement for the diagnostic tests associated with the use of our products. The cost containment measures that payers and providers are instituting and the effect of any healthcare reform initiative implemented in the future could impact our revenue from the sale of our products.
By way of example, in the United States, the Affordable Care Act (the “ACA”) made a number of substantial changes in the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. Among other ways in which it may affect our business, the ACA implemented payment system reforms including a national pilot program on payment bundling to encourage hospitals, physicians, and other providers to improve the coordination, quality, and efficiency of certain healthcare services through bundled payment models; and expanded the eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs. There have been executive, judicial, and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the ACA. On June 17, 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the most recent challenge on procedural grounds that argued the ACA is unconstitutional in its entirety because the “individual mandate” was repealed by Congress.
In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the ACA was enacted. The Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, reduced Medicare payments to providers, effective on April 1, 2013 and, due to subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, will remain in effect through 2032, unless additional Congressional action is taken. In addition, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitals, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years.
More recently, the OBBB Act was signed into law, which included significant reforms to Medicaid, including an estimated $1 trillion in reduced federal Medicaid spending from 2025 through 2034, the imposition of work requirements for certain adult enrollees, more frequent eligibility redeterminations and increased cost-sharing for beneficiaries. These changes are expected to reduce overall Medicaid enrollment and access to care. Although the effect on our business is currently unknown, any decrease in the number of insured patients or reimbursement levels for our products could adversely affect our revenue and commercial prospects.
We expect additional state and federal healthcare policies and reform measures to be adopted in the future, any of which could limit reimbursement for healthcare products and services or otherwise result in reduced demand for our products or additional pricing pressure and have a material adverse effect on our industry generally and on our customers. We cannot predict what other healthcare programs and regulations will ultimately be implemented at the federal or state level or whether any future legislation or regulation in the United States may negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. The continuing efforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations, and other payers of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare may adversely affect our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for our products, our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability, and the availability of capital.
Any changes of, or uncertainty with respect to, future coverage or reimbursement rates could affect demand for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Our products and operations are subject to extensive government regulation and oversight in the United States, and our failure to comply with applicable requirements could harm our business.
Our products are regulated as medical devices in the United States. Medical devices and their manufacturers and product developers are subject to extensive regulation in the United States, including by the FDA. The FDA regulates, among other things, with respect to medical devices: design, development, and manufacturing; testing, labeling, content, and language of instructions for use and storage; clinical trials; product safety; establishment registration and device listing; marketing, sales, and distribution; premarket clearance, classification, and approval or certification; recordkeeping procedures; advertising and promotion; recalls and field safety corrective actions; post-market surveillance, including reporting of deaths or serious injuries and malfunctions that, if they were to recur, could lead to death or serious injury; post-market studies; and product import and export.
The regulations to which we are subject are complex, burdensome to understand and apply and have tended to become more stringent over time. Regulatory changes could result in restrictions on our ability to carry on or expand our operations, higher than anticipated costs or lower than anticipated sales. The FDA enforces its regulatory requirements through, among other means, periodic unannounced inspections. We do not know whether we or any of our contract manufacturers will be found compliant in connection with any future FDA or foreign inspections. Failure to comply with applicable regulations could jeopardize our ability to sell our products and result in enforcement actions such as: warning letters; fines; injunctions; civil penalties; termination of distribution; import alerts; recalls or seizures of products; delays in the introduction of products into the market; total or partial suspension of production; refusal to grant future clearances or approvals; withdrawals or suspensions of clearances or approvals, resulting in prohibitions on sales of our products; and in the most serious cases, criminal penalties.
Failure to maintain marketing authorizations for our products, or to timely obtain necessary marketing authorizations for our future products, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
In the United States, before we can market a new medical device, or a new use of, or other significant modification to an existing, marketed medical device, we must first receive either clearance under Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the “FDCA”), approval of a premarket approval application (“PMA”), or grant of a de novo classification request from the FDA, unless an exemption applies. In the 510(k) clearance process, before a device may be marketed, the FDA must determine that a proposed device is “substantially equivalent” to a legally-marketed “predicate” device, which includes a device that has been previously cleared through the 510(k) process, a device that was legally marketed prior to May 28, 1976 (pre-amendments device), a device that was originally on the U.S. market pursuant to an approved PMA and later down-classified, or a 510(k)-exempt device. To be “substantially equivalent,” the proposed device must have the same intended use as the predicate device, and either have the same technological characteristics as the predicate device or have different technological characteristics and not raise different questions of safety or effectiveness than the predicate device. Clinical data are sometimes required to support substantial equivalence. In the process of obtaining PMA approval, the FDA must determine that a proposed device is safe and effective for its intended use based, in part, on extensive data, including, but not limited to, technical, pre-clinical, clinical trial, manufacturing, and labeling data. The PMA process is typically required for devices that are deemed to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting, or implantable devices. In the de novo classification process, a manufacturer whose novel device under the FDCA would otherwise be automatically classified as Class III and require the submission and approval of a PMA prior to marketing is able to request down-classification of the device to Class I or Class II on the basis that the device presents a low or moderate risk. If the FDA grants the de novo classification request, the applicant will receive authorization to market the device. This device type may be used subsequently as a predicate device for future 510(k) submissions.
The PMA approval, 510(k) clearance and de novo classification processes can be expensive, lengthy, and uncertain. The FDA’s 510(k) clearance process usually takes from three to 12 months, but can take longer. The process of obtaining a PMA is much more costly and uncertain than the 510(k) clearance process and generally takes from one to three years, or even longer, from the time the application is submitted to the FDA. In addition, a PMA generally requires the performance of one or more clinical trials. Clinical data may also be required in connection with an application for 510(k) clearance or a de novo request. Despite the time, effort and cost, a device may not obtain marketing authorization by the FDA. We have obtained 510(k) clearances for our commercialized medical devices, and we must obtain marketing authorization for any future devices we develop, unless they are exempt. Marketing authorizations for any of our future products, if granted, may include significant limitations on the indicated uses for the device, which may limit the potential commercial market for the device.
In the United States, any modification to a medical device for which we have obtained marketing authorization may require us to submit a new 510(k) premarket notification and obtain clearance, to submit a PMA and obtain FDA approval, or to submit a de novo request prior to implementing the change. For example, any modification to a 510(k)-cleared device that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, design or manufacture, generally requires a new
510(k) clearance or other marketing authorization. The FDA requires every manufacturer to make such determinations in the first instance, but the FDA may review any manufacturer’s decision. The FDA may not agree with a manufacturer’s decisions regarding whether new clearances or approvals are necessary. We may make modifications or add additional features in the future to our medical devices that we believe do not require a new 510(k) clearance, de novo request, or approval of a PMA. If the FDA disagrees with our determination and requires us to seek new marketing authorizations for the modifications for which we have concluded that new marketing authorizations are unnecessary, we may be required to cease marketing or to recall the modified product until we obtain such marketing authorization, and we may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties. If the FDA requires us to go through a lengthier, more rigorous examination for future products or modifications to existing products than we had expected, product introductions or modifications could be delayed or canceled, which could adversely affect our business.
The FDA can delay, limit or deny marketing authorization of a device for many reasons, including:
•our inability to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA that our products are substantially equivalent to a predicate device or are safe and effective for their intended uses;
•the disagreement of the FDA with the design or implementation of our clinical trials or the interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials;
•serious and unexpected adverse device effects experienced by participants in our clinical trials;
•the data from our preclinical studies and clinical trials may be insufficient to support clearance, de novo classification, or approval, where required;
•our inability to demonstrate that the clinical and other benefits of the device outweigh the risks;
•the manufacturing process or facilities we use may not meet applicable requirements; and
•the potential for marketing authorization regulations of the FDA to change significantly in a manner rendering our clinical data or regulatory filings insufficient for marketing authorization.
In addition, in January 2026, we received Breakthrough Device Designation from the FDA for our Ceribell LVO System, a portable EEG-based stroke detection and monitoring system in development intended for use in hospital settings to monitor adult patients for whom a reliable neurological exam for LVO stroke are often challenging and to notify medical professionals of suspected LVO stroke, which notifications are intended to be confirmed by CT or MR angiography prior to initiation of treatment. Breakthrough Device Designation provides certain benefits, including more interactive and timely communications with FDA staff, potential use of post-market data collection to facilitate expedited development and review, opportunities for more efficient and flexible clinical study design, and prioritized review of premarket submissions. However, there can be no guarantee that these benefits will materialize or significantly impact our development and regulatory approval process. Even where our product candidates have received Breakthrough Device Designation, we may not experience a faster development process, review, or approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Breakthrough Device Designation does not alter the regulatory standards for marketing authorization or guarantee that we will ultimately obtain FDA clearance or approval for the designated indication. Furthermore, the FDA may rescind Breakthrough Device Designation if it believes that the designation is no longer supported by data from our clinical development program. As with all FDA marketing authorizations, we will need to continue to comply with applicable regulations and standards, which may change over time.
Even if we successfully apply for marketing authorization for future products, there is no guarantee that we will obtain the marketing authorizations within the expected timeline, or at all. Staff reductions in the FDA office charged with regulating devices may cause delay.
Our clinical testing process is complex, lengthy, can be expensive, and carries uncertain outcomes. Future trials and studies by us or others may fail to replicate positive results observed to date.
We conduct our own clinical studies and provide support for third party–initiated trials that evaluate different aspects of the Ceribell System. Clinical testing is difficult to design and implement, can take many years, can be expensive, and carries uncertain outcomes. The results of preclinical studies and clinical trials of our products conducted to date and ongoing or future studies and trials of our current, planned, or future products may not be predictive of the results of later clinical trials or real-world performance, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results. The data and results from our clinical studies do not ensure that we will achieve similar results in future clinical trials, are not head to head studies and not directly comparable with each other, as they have different sample sizes, designs, limitations, assumptions, and objectives, and are conducted on different patient populations at different sites by different researchers. In addition, as some of these studies are prospective studies, they may not reflect real-world performance. Some of our studies have not been peer reviewed or published, and peer reviewers may disagree with the methodologies or conclusions of such studies and may not deem them worthy of publication. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to various interpretations and analyses, and many companies that have believed their products performed satisfactorily in
preclinical studies and earlier clinical trials have nonetheless failed to replicate results in later clinical trials, or have viewed such data in different ways than regulators.
The risk that future trials and studies of the Ceribell System fail to replicate positive results observed to date is increased because most of our studies and trials are conducted on small samples, not powered for statistical significance, controlled for other clinical variables, or have other design limitations and almost all such studies were conducted or sponsored by us. Independent studies with larger samples or different designs may not replicate results observed to date. In addition, the performance of the Clarity algorithm is typically evaluated by comparing the algorithm results to a retrospective review of the EEG by a panel of neurologists. There is a high degree of inter-rater variability in the interpretation of EEGs by clinicians, such that Ceribell System study results may vary from study to study depending on the size and composition of the neurologist panel. Clinical studies or investigations on the Ceribell System have produced, and may in the future produce, negative or inconclusive results. Furthermore, others, including healthcare professionals and regulators, may perceive a conflict of interest with studies supported, sponsored, or funded by us or conducted by our employees or consultants, and may not find results of such studies to be compelling or credible. As a result of the foregoing, we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical and nonclinical testing in addition to those we have planned. The initiation and completion of clinical studies may be prevented, delayed, or halted for numerous reasons. We may experience delays in our clinical trials for a number of reasons, which could adversely affect the costs, timing, or successful completion of our clinical trials, including related to the following:
•regulators may disagree as to the design or implementation of our clinical trials;
•regulators and/or institutional review boards (“IRBs”), or other bodies may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial, or to conduct or continue a clinical trial at a prospective or specific trial site;
•we may not reach agreement on acceptable terms with third-party researchers, clinical trial sites, or prospective contract research organizations (“CROs”), the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different researchers, trial sites, and CROs;
•the number of subjects or patients required for clinical trials may be larger than we anticipate, enrollment in these clinical trials may be insufficient or slower than we anticipate, and the number of clinical trials being conducted at any given time may be high and result in fewer available patients for any given clinical trial, or patients may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;
•our third-party contractors may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;
•we might have to suspend or terminate clinical trials for various reasons, including occurrence of adverse events or other findings that the subjects in our clinical trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;
•we may have to amend clinical trial protocols or conduct additional studies to reflect changes in regulatory requirements or guidance, which we may be required to submit to an IRB, or other bodies and/or regulatory authorities for re-examination;
•regulators, IRBs, other bodies, or other parties may require or recommend that we or our investigators suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including safety signals or noncompliance with regulatory requirements;
•the cost of clinical trials may be greater than we anticipate;
•clinical sites may not adhere to the clinical protocol or may drop out of a clinical trial;
•we may be unable to recruit a sufficient number of clinical trial sites;
•regulators, IRBs, or other bodies may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with our manufacturing processes or facilities of third-party manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies, the supply of devices or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials may be insufficient, inadequate or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply;
•marketing authorization or regulations of FDA may change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for marketing authorization;
•we may be required to submit an investigational device exemption (“IDE”) application to the FDA, which must become effective prior to commencing certain human clinical trials of medical devices, and the FDA may reject our IDE application and notify us that we may not begin clinical trials, or place restrictions on the conduct of such trials; similar requirements may apply in foreign jurisdictions; and
•our current or future products may have undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics.
Any of these occurrences may significantly harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of marketing authorization of any medical device.
Patient enrollment in clinical trials, and completion of patient follow-up, if applicable, depend on many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the trial protocol, the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial, competing clinical trials, and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the product being studied. Patients participating in our clinical trials may drop out before completion of the trial or experience adverse medical events unrelated to an investigational device. Delays in patient enrollment or failure of patients to continue to participate in a clinical trial may delay commencement or completion of the clinical trial, cause an increase in the costs of the clinical trial and delays, or result in the failure of the clinical trial.
Clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with the laws and regulations of the FDA and other applicable regulatory authorities’ legal requirements, regulations, or guidelines, and are subject to oversight by these governmental agencies and IRBs, or other bodies at the medical institutions where the clinical trials are conducted. In addition, clinical trials must be conducted with supplies of our devices produced under current good manufacturing practice (“cGMP”) or similar foreign requirements, and other regulations applicable to the location where the clinical trial is conducted. We rely on third-party researchers and clinical trial sites, and may in the future rely on CROs, to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials, and while we have agreements governing their committed activities, we have limited influence over their actual performance. We depend on these third parties to conduct our clinical trials in compliance with good clinical practice (“GCP”), requirements. To the extent they fail to enroll participants for our clinical trials, fail to conduct the study to GCP standards or are delayed for a significant time in the execution of trials, including achieving full enrollment, we may be affected by increased costs, trial delays or both. In addition, if we conduct clinical trials in other countries in the future, we may be subject to further delays and expenses as a result of increased shipment costs and additional regulatory requirements, and the engagement of non-U.S. third-party contractors may expose us to risks associated with clinical investigators who are unknown to the FDA, and different standards of diagnosis, screening, and medical care. See the risk factor titled, “We rely on third parties to conduct and support our preclinical studies and clinical trials. These third parties may not properly and successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, which could harm our ability to obtain marketing authorization of or commercialize future products we develop.”
Interim, “top-line,” and preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announce or publish from time to time may change as more patient data become available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.
From time to time, we may publicly disclose interim, top-line or preliminary data from our clinical trials, which is based on a preliminary analysis of then-available data, and the results and related findings and conclusions are subject to change following a more comprehensive review of the data related to the particular trial or additional data collected at a later time. We also make assumptions, estimations, calculations, and conclusions as part of our analyses of data, and we may not have received or had the opportunity to fully and carefully evaluate all data. As a result, the interim, top-line, or preliminary results that we report may differ from future results of the same trial, or different conclusions or considerations may qualify such results, once additional data have been received and fully evaluated. Interim, top-line, or preliminary data also remain subject to audit and verification procedures that may result in the final data being materially different from the interim, top-line, or preliminary data we previously announced. As a result, interim, top-line, and preliminary data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available. Adverse differences between interim data and final data could significantly harm our business prospects. Further, disclosure of interim data by us or by our competitors could result in volatility in our share price.
Further, others, including regulatory agencies or other bodies, may not accept or agree with our assumptions, estimates, calculations, conclusions, or analyses or may interpret or weigh the importance of data differently, which could impact the value of the particular trial, or the approvability or potential for commercialization of the particular medical device. In addition, the information we choose to publicly disclose regarding a particular study or clinical trial is based on what is typically extensive information, and others may not agree with what we determine is material or otherwise appropriate information to include in our disclosure. The interim, top-line, or preliminary data that we report may differ from final results, and regulatory authorities and other bodies may disagree with the conclusions reached, which may harm our ability to obtain marketing authorization for, and commercialize, our future products, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We are subject to ongoing regulatory review and scrutiny. Failure to comply with post-marketing regulatory requirements could subject us to enforcement actions, including substantial penalties, and might require us to recall or withdraw a product from the market.
We are subject to ongoing and extensive regulatory requirements governing, among other things, the manufacture, marketing, advertising, medical device reporting, sale, promotion, import, export, registration, and listing of devices. For example, medical device
manufacturers must submit certain reports to the FDA and keep required records as a condition of obtaining and maintaining marketing authorization. These reports include information about failures and certain adverse events potentially associated with the device after its marketing authorization. Failure to submit such reports, or failure to submit the reports in a timely manner, could result in enforcement action by the FDA. Following its review of the periodic reports, the FDA might ask for additional information or initiate further investigation.
Regulatory changes could result in restrictions on our ability to continue or expand our operations, higher than anticipated costs, or lower than anticipated sales. We have ongoing responsibilities under FDA regulations, and the FDA and state regulatory authorities have broad enforcement powers. Our failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA or state regulatory authorities, which may include any of the following or other sanctions:
•untitled letters or warning letters;
•fines, injunctions, consent decrees, and civil penalties;
•recalls, termination of distribution, administrative detention, or seizure of our products;
•customer notifications or repair, replacement, or refunds;
•operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;
•delays in or refusal to grant our requests for future clearances, de novo classifications or approvals, or comparable foreign marketing authorizations of new products, new intended uses, or modifications to existing products;
•withdrawals or suspensions of any granted marketing authorizations, resulting in prohibitions on sales of our products;
•FDA refusal to issue certificates to foreign governments needed to export products for sale in other countries; and
Any of these sanctions could result in negative publicity, higher than anticipated costs or lower than anticipated sales and have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
In addition, the FDA may change its marketing authorization policies affecting future products, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions, which may prevent or delay marketing authorization of any products under development or impact our ability to modify any products authorized for market on a timely basis. Such changes may also occur in foreign jurisdictions where we may market our products in the future. Such changes could impose additional requirements upon us that could delay our ability to obtain future marketing authorizations, increase the costs of compliance, or restrict our ability to maintain any marketing authorizations we have obtained. See the risk factor titled, “Legislative or regulatory reforms in the United States may make it more difficult and costly for us to manufacture, market, or distribute our products, or to obtain marketing authorizations for any future products.”
Our products must be manufactured in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and we could be forced to recall our devices or terminate production if we fail to comply with these regulations.
In the United States, the methods used in, and the facilities used for, the manufacture of medical devices must comply with the FDA’s cGMPs for medical devices, known as the QMSR, which is a complex regulatory scheme that covers the procedures and documentation of the design, testing, production, process controls, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, handling, storage, distribution, installation, servicing, and shipping of medical devices. Furthermore, we are required to verify that our suppliers maintain facilities, procedures, and operations that comply with our quality standards and applicable regulatory requirements. The FDA enforces the QMSR through periodic announced or unannounced inspections of medical device manufacturing facilities, which may include the facilities of subcontractors. Our products are also subject to similar state regulations governing manufacturing.
Our third-party manufacturers may not take the necessary steps to comply with applicable regulations, which could cause delays in the delivery of our medical devices. In addition, failure to comply with applicable FDA requirements or later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products or manufacturing processes could result in, among other things: warning letters or untitled letters; fines, injunctions, or civil penalties; suspension or withdrawal of marketing authorizations; seizures or recalls of our products; total or partial suspension of production or distribution; administrative or judicially imposed sanctions; the FDA’s refusal to grant pending or future clearances or approvals for our products or similar decisions by foreign regulatory authorities or notified bodies; clinical holds; refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and criminal prosecution of us, our suppliers, or our employees. If any of these events occurs, our reputation could be harmed, we could be exposed to product liability claims and we could lose customers and experience reduced sales and increased costs.
Our products may cause or contribute to adverse medical events which we may be required to report to the FDA, and if we fail to do so, we would be subject to sanctions that could harm our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In addition, the discovery of serious safety issues with our products, or a recall of our products either voluntarily or at the direction of the FDA, could have a negative impact on us.
It is possible that there may be side effects and adverse events associated with the use of our medical devices or any future devices we develop. For example, the Ceribell System has in certain instances issued false alarms, i.e., report seizure activity when there is no seizure, and in other instances has failed to report or under-reported seizure activity when there is seizure, and may continue to do so, all of which may lead to patients being misdiagnosed, receiving unnecessary medical procedures or treatments, or experiencing delays in receiving necessary medical procedures or treatments. Additionally, the Wearables used as part of the Ceribell System may cause skin irritation to patients or break down sooner than expected. Use of the Ceribell System, including both the Wearables and EEG recorder, may present infection control hazards to both patients and healthcare staff. The EEG recorder may also present additional hazards to patients and healthcare staff, including mechanical hazards, electrical hazards, and thermal hazards relating to the device’s integrated lithium-ion battery. Failure of the EEG recorder to transmit data to our portal due to software or hardware problems, incorrect setup or configuration, network incompatibility, or user error may lead to patients experiencing delays in receiving necessary medical procedures or treatments. The FDA’s medical device reporting regulations require us to assess reportability of adverse events that come to our attention and report to the FDA when we receive or become aware of information that reasonably suggests that one or more of our products may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that, if the malfunction were to recur, it could cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. The timing of our obligation to report is triggered by the date we become aware of the event as well as the nature of the event. We may fail to report events of which we become aware within the prescribed timeframe. We may also fail to recognize that we have become aware of a reportable event, especially if it is not reported to us as an adverse event or if it is an adverse event that is unexpected or removed in time from the use of the product. The FDA may also disagree with our determinations that an event was not reportable. To date, we have not filed any adverse event-related medical device reports with the FDA. If we fail to comply with our reporting obligations, the FDA could take action, including warning letters, untitled letters, administrative actions, criminal prosecution, imposition of civil monetary penalties, revocation of our marketing authorizations, seizure of our products, or delay in obtaining marketing authorizations for our future products.
The FDA has the authority to require the recall of commercialized products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacture of a product or in the event that a product poses an unacceptable risk to health. The FDA’s authority to require a recall must be based on a finding that there is reasonable probability that the device could cause serious injury or death. We may also choose to voluntarily recall a product if any material deficiency is found. A government-mandated or voluntary recall by us could occur as a result of an unacceptable risk to health, component failures, malfunctions, manufacturing defects, labeling or design deficiencies, packaging defects, or other deficiencies or failures to comply with applicable regulations. Product defects or other errors may occur in the future.
Depending on the corrective action we take to redress a product’s deficiencies or defects, the FDA may require, or we may decide, that we will need to obtain new marketing authorizations for the device before we may market or distribute the corrected device. Seeking such clearances or approvals may delay our ability to replace the recalled devices in a timely manner. Moreover, if we do not adequately address problems associated with our devices, we may face additional regulatory enforcement action, including FDA warning letters, product seizure, injunctions, administrative penalties, or civil or criminal fines.
Companies are required to maintain certain records of recalls and corrections, even if they are not reportable to the FDA. We may initiate voluntary withdrawals or corrections for our products in the future that we determine do not require notification of the FDA. If the FDA disagrees with our determinations, it could require us to report those actions as recalls and we may be subject to enforcement action. A future recall announcement could harm our reputation with customers, potentially lead to product liability claims against us, and negatively affect our sales. Any corrective action, whether voluntary or involuntary, as well as defending ourselves in a lawsuit, will require the dedication of our time and capital, distract management from operating our business, and may harm our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
The misuse or off-label use of our products may result in injuries that harm patients and lead to product liability suits, harm our reputation in the marketplace, or result in costly investigations, fines, or sanctions by regulatory bodies if we are deemed to have engaged in the promotion of these uses, any of which could be costly to our business.
Our commercial products, and any marketing authorization we may receive for future products, are, and will be, limited to specified indications for use. Our sales and marketing personnel, as well as our direct sales force, are trained to not promote our devices for uses outside of the FDA-authorized indications for use, known as “off-label uses.” We cannot, however, prevent a healthcare professional from using our devices off-label, when in the healthcare professional’s independent professional judgment he or she deems it appropriate. There may be increased risk of injury to patients if healthcare professionals attempt to use our devices off-label, which could harm our reputation in the marketplace among healthcare professionals and patients.
If the FDA determines that our promotional materials or training constitute promotion of an off-label use, it could request that we modify our training or promotional materials or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance or imposition of an untitled letter, which is used for violators that do not necessitate a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine, or criminal penalties. It is also possible that other federal or state enforcement authorities might take action under other regulatory authority, such as false advertising and consumer protection laws, or false claims laws, if they consider our business activities to constitute promotion of an off-label use, which could result in significant penalties, including, but not limited to, criminal, civil, and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, and the curtailment of our operations.
In addition, healthcare professionals may misuse our products or use improper techniques if they are not adequately trained, potentially leading to injury and an increased risk of product liability. For example, healthcare professionals may misuse our single use, disposable Wearables by using them on more than one patient. If our devices are misused or used with improper technique, we may become subject to costly litigation by our customers or their patients. As described above, product liability claims could divert management’s attention from our core business, be expensive to defend, and result in sizeable damage awards against us that may not be covered by insurance, all of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Legislative or regulatory reforms in the United States may make it more difficult and costly for us to manufacture, market, or distribute our products, or to obtain marketing authorizations for any future products.
From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the regulation of medical devices. In addition, the FDA may change its policies, adopt additional regulations, or revise existing regulations, or take other actions, which may prevent or delay marketing authorization of any future products under development or impact our ability to modify any products for which we have already obtained marketing authorizations on a timely basis. For example, on February 2, 2026, the FDA’s final rule implementing the FDA’s QMSR became effective. The QMSR, which replaced the FDA’s former Quality System Regulation (“QSR”), sets forth the FDA’s cGMP requirements for medical devices, and among other things, incorporates by reference certain elements of the quality management system requirements of ISO 13485:2016. Although the FDA has stated that the standards contained in ISO 13485 2016 are substantially similar to those set forth in the QSR, and although our quality management system is designed to comply with ISO 13485, the FDA has indicated that ISO 13485 certification alone will not ensure compliance under the QMSR, nor will ISO certification exempt manufacturers from FDA inspection. The QMSR also includes certain compliance obligations, such as those relating to unique device identification, product traceability, and maintenance of complaint and service records, that align more closely with the FDA’s existing medical device requirements than with ISO standards. Accordingly, it remains unclear the extent to which the QMSR may impose additional or different regulatory requirements on us that could increase the costs of compliance or otherwise negatively affect our business.
In addition, FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the FDA in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. Any new statutes, regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may make it more difficult and costly to manufacture, market, or distribute our commercialized products, or may impose additional costs, lengthen marketing authorization review times, or make it more difficult to obtain marketing authorizations for any future products we develop. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may be subject to enforcement action and we may not achieve or sustain profitability.
We face risks related to obtaining necessary foreign regulatory clearance or approvals.
We intend to enter into international markets in the future. Upon our expansion into foreign markets, we will be subject to foreign regulatory requirements that we have limited experience with and vary widely from country to country and from the United States. The time required to obtain clearances or approvals required by other countries may be longer than that required for FDA clearance or approval, and requirements for such approvals may differ from FDA requirements. We may be unable to obtain regulatory approvals and may also incur significant costs in attempting to obtain foreign regulatory approvals. If we experience delays in receipt of approvals to market our products in new jurisdictions, or if we fail to receive these approvals, we may be unable to market our products in international markets in a timely manner, if at all, which could materially impact our international expansion and adversely affect our business as a whole. If any of these risks were to materialize, they could limit our expected international growth and profitability, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Failure to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”), economic and trade sanctions regulations, and similar laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to the FCPA and other laws in the United States and elsewhere that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Certain suppliers and manufacturers of our devices and components of our devices are located in countries known to experience corruption.
Business activities in these countries create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, contractors, or agents that could be in violation of various laws, including the FCPA and anti-bribery laws in these countries, even though these parties are not always subject to our control. While we have implemented policies and procedures designed to discourage these practices by our employees, consultants, and agents and to identify and address potentially impermissible transactions under such laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that none of our employees, consultants, and agents will take actions in violation of our policies, for which we may be ultimately responsible.
We are also subject to certain economic and trade sanctions programs that are administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control which prohibit or restrict transactions to or from or dealings with specified countries, their governments, and in certain circumstances, their nationals, and with individuals and entities that are specially-designated nationals of those countries, narcotics traffickers and terrorists or terrorist organizations. For example, in December 2021, the U.S. Congress enacted the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act in an effort to prevent what it views as forced labor and human rights abuses in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (the “XUAR”). If it is determined that our third-party suppliers and manufacturers produce or manufacture our components or products wholly or in part from the XUAR, then we could be prohibited from importing such components or products into the United States.
Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations or changes in this regulatory environment, including changing interpretations and the implementation of new or varying regulatory requirements by the government, may result in significant financial penalties or reputational harm, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Risks Related to Our Reliance on Third Parties
Various factors outside our direct control may negatively impact our manufacturing of the Ceribell System, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We manufacture the Ceribell System at our manufacturing facilities in Sunnyvale, California, using Wearables supplied by third-party manufacturers located in China and Vietnam and components for our recorder procured from various suppliers and shipped to our facility for final assembly. While we believe that we currently have adequate manufacturing capacity and supplies for our products sufficient to meet our demand forecasts, if demand for the Ceribell System increases more rapidly than we anticipate, if we encounter problems with one or more of our manufacturers, including as a result of trade restrictions related to China, or if we secure regulatory approval to commercialize our products in additional geographies or indications, we may need to either expand our manufacturing capabilities, qualify new suppliers, or outsource to other manufacturers.
Our third-party manufacturers may not take the necessary steps to comply with applicable regulations, which could cause delays in the delivery of our medical devices. The methods used in, and the facilities used for, the manufacture of medical devices sold in the United States must comply with the QMSR. See the risk factor titled, “Our products must be manufactured in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and we could be forced to recall our devices or terminate production if we fail to comply with these regulations.” Manufacturers of medical device products often encounter difficulties in production, including difficulties with production costs and yields, quality control, quality assurance testing, shortages of qualified personnel, as well as compliance with strictly enforced FDA requirements, other federal and state regulatory requirements and foreign regulations, to the extent applicable. If we fail to manufacture our products in compliance with the QMSR, or if our or our third-party suppliers’ manufacturing facilities suffer disruptions, supply chain issues, machine failures, slowdowns, or disrepair, we may not be able to fulfill customer demand and our business would be harmed.
Any contamination of the controlled environment, equipment malfunction, supply issues, natural disasters (including wildfires or earthquakes, to which our manufacturing facility in Sunnyvale, California may be especially susceptible), public health emergencies, personnel issues, including human error, or failure to strictly follow procedures can significantly reduce our yield. A drop in yield can increase our cost to manufacture our products or, in more severe cases, require us to halt the manufacture of our products until the problem is resolved. Identifying and resolving the cause of a drop in yield can require substantial time and resources. In addition, if demand for our products shifts such that our manufacturing facilities are operated below our forecasts for an extended period, we may adjust our manufacturing operations to reduce fixed costs, which could lead to uncertainty and delays in manufacturing times and quality during any transition period.
The manufacturing and distribution of our products are technically challenging. Changes that our suppliers may make, or additional requirements from regulatory agencies, outside of our direct control can have an impact on our processes, on quality and on the successful or timely delivery of our products to our customers. Mistakes and mishandling may occur, which can affect supply and delivery. As a result, our dependence on third-party, including single-source suppliers, subjects us to a number of risks that could impact our ability to manufacture our products and harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations, including:
•interruption of supply resulting from modifications to, or discontinuation of, a supplier’s operations;
•delays in product shipments resulting from uncorrected defects, reliability issues, or a supplier’s failure to produce components that consistently meet our quality specifications;
•delays in analytical results or failure of analytical techniques that we depend on for quality control and release of our products;
•price fluctuations due to a lack of long-term supply arrangements with our suppliers for key component or other supply chain constraints;
•inability to obtain adequate supply in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms;
•difficulty identifying and qualifying alternative suppliers for components in a timely manner;
•inability of suppliers to comply with applicable provisions of the QMSR or other applicable laws or regulations enforced by the FDA and other regulatory authorities;
•delays in regulatory approvals of any changes to manufacturing, including the use of new suppliers;
•latent defects that may become apparent after our products have been released and that may result in an adverse event or a recall of such products;
•inclusion of vendors of raw materials not in compliance with regulatory requirements;
•natural or other disasters, global pandemics, labor disputes, financial distress, lack of raw material supply, issues with facilities and equipment, international conflict or war, or other forms of disruption to business operations affecting our manufacturing operations and those of our third-party manufacturers and suppliers;
•production delays related to the evaluation and testing of our products or the use of components from alternative suppliers; and
•delays in delivery by our suppliers of components, materials or services due to changes in demand from us or their other customers.
The occurrence of any of these issues could significantly harm our ability to manufacture our products and maintain sufficient quality standards, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We depend on a number of manufacturers and suppliers in connection with the manufacture of the Ceribell System, which makes us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We source and rely upon components and sub-assemblies of the Ceribell System, as well as manufacturing services from approved manufacturers and suppliers, some of which are single-source suppliers.
These components, sub-assemblies and services are critical to us, and there are relatively few alternative sources of supply. Our suppliers generally are not under long-term contracts with us, and may experience delays or issues, stop producing our components or sub-assemblies, increase the prices they charge us, or elect to terminate their relationships with us. In any of these cases, we could face a delay of several months to identify, perform appropriate testing and qualify alternative manufacturers and suppliers with regulatory authorities, as we currently have transition plans for some but not all of our manufacturers and suppliers. In addition, the failure of our third-party manufacturers and suppliers to maintain acceptable quality requirements could result in quality issues, including recalls of our products. If one of our manufacturers or suppliers fails to maintain acceptable quality requirements, we may have to identify and qualify a new manufacturer or supplier. Although we require our third-party manufacturers and suppliers to supply us with materials, components, and services that meet our specifications and comply with applicable provisions of the QMSR and other applicable legal and regulatory requirements in our agreements and contracts, and we perform incoming inspection, testing, or other acceptance activities to ensure the materials and components meet our requirements, there is a risk that they may not supply components that meet our requirements or supply components in a timely manner.
We do not have complete control over all aspects of the manufacturing process of, and are dependent on our manufacturing partners for compliance with cGMP regulations applicable to certain components of our products. Third-party manufacturers may not be able, or fail, to comply with cGMP regulations. If our third-party manufacturers cannot successfully manufacture our products that conform to our specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA, they will not be able to secure and/or maintain registration for their manufacturing facilities. In addition, we do not have complete control over the ability of our third-party manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. The failure of our manufacturing partners to maintain acceptable quality requirements could result in quality issues, including recalls of our products. If one of our manufacturing
partners fails to maintain acceptable quality requirements or perform as agreed, we may have to identify and qualify a new supplier or develop in-house manufacturing capabilities, which could require significant capital investments.
The number of third-party manufacturers and suppliers with the necessary manufacturing and regulatory expertise and facilities to produce our device components is limited and certification of a new manufacturer or supplier may be complex and time consuming. Any delay or interruption would likely lead to a delay or interruption in our manufacturing operations. The inclusion of substitute components must meet our product specifications and could require us to qualify the new manufacturer or supplier with the appropriate regulatory authorities, including the FDA. The added time and cost to arrange for alternative manufacturers or suppliers could harm our business. New manufacturers of any planned product would be required to qualify under applicable regulatory requirements and would need to have sufficient rights under applicable intellectual property laws to the method of manufacturing the planned product. Obtaining the necessary FDA or international approvals or other qualifications under applicable regulatory requirements and ensuring non-infringement of third-party intellectual property or other proprietary rights could result in a significant interruption of supply and could require the new manufacturer to bear significant additional costs that may be passed on to us.
We rely on third parties to conduct and support our preclinical studies and clinical trials. These third parties may not properly and successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, which could harm our ability to obtain marketing authorization of or commercialize future products we develop.
We utilize and depend upon independent investigators and collaborators, such as third-party researchers, medical institutions, and strategic partners, to conduct and support portions of our preclinical studies and clinical trials under agreements with us, and may in the future rely on CROs. For some clinical research projects, we provide funding and for others, such as those supported by grants, we only provide access to our data or supply the Ceribell System at a discount. The terms of these agreements generally include joint publication rights and sole ownership of background intellectual property, as well as indemnification and insurance terms so that risk of injury or damages claims is appropriately allocated, guidelines for dispute resolution to address conflicts, and grounds for contract termination by each party.
We negotiate budgets and contracts with these third parties and may not be able to do so on favorable terms, which may result in delays to our development timelines and increased costs. We have relied heavily on these third parties for our preclinical studies and expect to continue to do so, and we control only certain aspects of their activities. As a result, we have less direct control over the conduct, timing, and completion of these preclinical studies and clinical trials and the management of data developed through preclinical studies and clinical trials than would be the case if we were relying entirely upon our own staff. Nevertheless, we are responsible for ensuring that each of our studies is conducted in accordance with applicable protocol, legal and regulatory requirements, and scientific standards and our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We and these third parties are required to comply with GCP requirements, which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for medical devices in clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce these GCP requirements through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites.
If we or any of these third parties fail to comply with applicable GCP regulations, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable, and the FDA or other bodies may require us to perform additional clinical trials. We cannot assure you that, upon inspection, such regulatory authorities will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with the GCP regulations. In addition, our investigational devices must be produced in accordance with cGMP, which are now set forth in the QMSR (and were previously set forth in the QSR). Our failure or any failure by these third parties to comply with these regulations or to recruit a sufficient number of patients may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the marketing authorization process. Moreover, our business may be implicated if any of these third parties violates federal, state or foreign fraud and abuse or false claims laws and regulations or healthcare privacy and security laws.
Third parties conducting or supporting portions of our clinical trials are not our employees and, except for remedies available to us under our agreements with such third parties, we cannot control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to our investigational products. These third parties may also have relationships with other commercial entities, including our competitors, for whom they may also be conducting clinical trials, or other product development activities, which could affect their performance on our behalf. These third parties may not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines. They may need to be replaced or the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain may be compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons. Accordingly, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to complete development of, obtain marketing authorizations for or successfully commercialize our future devices.
Switching or adding third parties to conduct or support portions of our preclinical studies and clinical trials involves substantial cost and requires extensive management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new third party
commences work. As a result, delays may occur, which could have an adverse impact on our product development, results of operations, and prospects.
Data Privacy Risk Factors
Actual or perceived failures to comply with applicable data privacy and security laws, regulations, standards and other requirements could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
The global data protection landscape is rapidly evolving, and we, and the third-party service providers on which we rely, are or may become subject to numerous state, federal, and foreign laws, requirements, and regulations, as well as contractual obligations and research protocols governing the collection, use, disclosure, retention, processing, maintenance, transfer, and security of personal information, such as information that we and our third-party service providers collect in connection with the use and development of the Ceribell System and the Clarity algorithm and in clinical trials or studies, including patient EEG data. Implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future, and we cannot yet determine the impact future laws, regulations, standards, or perception of their requirements may have on our business. This evolution may create uncertainty in our business; affect us or our service providers’ and contractors’ ability to operate in certain jurisdictions or to collect, store, transfer, use, process, and share personal information; necessitate the acceptance of more onerous obligations in our contracts; result in liability; impose additional costs on us; necessitate changes to our information technologies, systems and practices and those of third parties that process personal information on our behalf; and may require us to change our business model.
In the United States, numerous state and federal laws, regulations, standards, and other legal obligations, including consumer protection laws and regulations, which govern the collection, dissemination, use, access to, confidentiality, security, transfer, disclosure, and processing of personal information, including health-related information, could apply to our operations or the operations of our customers. For example, HIPAA imposes privacy, security, and breach notification obligations on certain healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses, known as covered entities, as well as their business associates that perform certain services that involve creating, receiving, maintaining, or transmitting individually identifiable health information for or on behalf of such covered entities, and their covered subcontractors. Among other requirements, HIPAA requires business associates to develop and maintain policies with respect to the protection of, use and disclosure of protected health information (“PHI”), including the adoption of administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect such information, certain notification requirements in the event of a breach of unsecured PHI, and requirements to report breaches of unsecured PHI to covered entities within 60 days of discovery of the breach by the business associate or its agents. Depending on the facts and circumstances, we could be subject to significant civil, criminal, and administrative fines and penalties and/or additional reporting and oversight obligations if found to be in violation of HIPAA.
Certain states have also adopted comparable privacy and security laws and regulations, which govern the privacy, collection, use, processing, disclosure, and protection of health-related and other personal information. Such laws and regulations will be subject to interpretation by various courts and other governmental authorities, thus creating potentially complex compliance issues for us and our customers. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (collectively, the “CCPA”) requires covered businesses that process the personal information of California residents to, among other things: (i) provide certain disclosures to California residents regarding the business’s collection, use, and disclosure of their personal information; (ii) receive and respond to requests from California residents to access, delete, and correct their personal information, or to opt out of certain disclosures of their personal information; and (iii) enter into specific contractual provisions with service providers that process California resident personal information on the business’s behalf. Additional compliance investment and potential business process changes may also be required. Similar laws have been passed in other states and are continuing to be proposed at the state and federal level, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States. For example, Washington State enacted the Washington My Health My Data Act, which broadly defines consumer health data, creates a private right of action to allow individuals to sue for violations of the law, imposes stringent consent requirements, and grants consumers certain rights with respect to their health data, including to request deletion of their information. The enactment of such laws could have potentially conflicting requirements that would make compliance challenging. In the event that we are subject to or affected by HIPAA, the CCPA, or other domestic privacy and data protection laws, any liability from failure to comply with the requirements of these laws could adversely affect our financial condition.
We may in the future become subject to rapidly evolving data protection laws, rules and regulations in foreign jurisdictions, many of which have developed privacy and data protection requirements that impose requirements that differ substantially from those that apply within the United States. For example, in Europe, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (the “EU GDPR”) and the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation and Data Protection Act 2018 (the “UK GDPR” and together with the EU GDPR referred to as the “GDPR”) governs the collection, use, disclosure, transfer, and other processing of personal data of individuals within the European Economic Area (the “EEA”) and United Kingdom (the “UK”) and imposes stringent requirements for data processors and controllers of such personal data or in the context of their activities within the EEA or UK. Companies that must comply with the GDPR face increased compliance obligations and risk, including more robust regulatory enforcement of data protection requirements and potential fines for noncompliance of up to €20 million or 4% of the annual global revenues of the noncompliant undertaking, whichever is greater. In addition to fines, a breach of the GDPR may result in regulatory investigations, reputational
damage, orders to cease/ change our data processing activities, enforcement notices, assessment notices (for a compulsory audit), and/or civil claims (including class actions). The processing of “special category personal data” (such as personal data related to health and genetic information), which could become relevant to our operations in the context of our conduct of clinical trials, may also impose heightened compliance burdens under European data protection laws and is of interest to relevant regulators. Among other requirements, the GDPR regulates transfers of personal data subject to the GDPR to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States, and the efficacy and longevity of current transfer mechanisms between the EEA, and the United States remains uncertain. As we continue to expand into other foreign countries and jurisdictions, we may be subject to additional laws and regulations that may affect how we conduct business. As we expand into foreign countries and jurisdictions, we will become subject to additional laws and regulations that will affect how we conduct business, and we expect the existing legal complexity and uncertainty regarding international personal data transfers to continue. As the regulatory guidance and enforcement landscape in relation to data transfers continue to develop, we could suffer additional costs, complaints and regulatory investigations or fines, and/or if we are otherwise unable to transfer personal data between and among countries and regions in which we operate, it could affect the manner in which we operate our business, the geographical location or segregation of our relevant systems and operations, and could adversely affect our financial results.
The Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) also has authority to initiate enforcement actions against entities that mislead customers about HIPAA compliance, make deceptive statements about privacy and data sharing in privacy policies, fail to limit third-party use of health information, fail to implement policies to protect health information, or engage in other unfair practices that harm customers or that may violate Section 5 of the FTC Act. Even when HIPAA does not apply, failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information secure may constitute unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce under the FTC Act. The FTC expects a company’s data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. Additionally, federal and state consumer protection laws are increasingly being applied by FTC and states’ attorneys general to regulate the collection, use, storage, and disclosure of health-related and other personal information, through websites or otherwise, and to regulate the presentation of website content.
Although we work to comply with applicable laws, regulations and standards, our contractual obligations, research protocols, and other legal obligations, these requirements are evolving and may be modified, interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and may conflict with one another or other legal obligations with which we must comply. Any actual or perceived failure by us or our employees, representatives, contractors, consultants, or other third parties to comply with such requirements or adequately address data privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, could result in, among other adverse impacts, significant regulatory penalties and fines, our compliance with contracts entered into with our partners, collaborators, and other third-party payors, damage to our reputation, loss of customer confidence in our security measures, withdrawal or withholding of customer consent for using patient data, government investigations, and enforcement actions and litigation and claims by third parties, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We may face risks associated with our use and development of AI and machine learning models.
We use and develop AI, machine learning and automated decision-making technologies, including proprietary AI and machine learning algorithms and models (collectively, “AI Technologies”), throughout our business, and are making significant investments in this area. For example, we use AI Technologies to power our Clarity algorithm and drive continuous improvements in the performance of the Ceribell System. New products that we develop, including expansion into new indications, are also likely to incorporate AI Technologies.
We expect that increased investment will be required in the future to continuously improve our use and development of AI Technologies. As with many technological innovations, there are significant risks involved in developing, maintaining, and deploying these technologies and there can be no assurance that the usage of or our investments in such technologies will always enhance our products or be beneficial to our business, including our efficiency or results of operations.
In particular, if the models underlying our AI Technologies are: incorrectly designed or implemented; trained or reliant on incomplete, inadequate, inaccurate, biased, or otherwise poor quality data, or on data to which we do not have sufficient rights or in relation to which we and/or the providers of such data have not implemented sufficient legal compliance measures; used without sufficient oversight and governance to ensure their responsible use; misused or used outside of scope of applicable regulatory authorizations; and/or adversely impacted by unforeseen defects, technical challenges, cybersecurity threats, or material performance issues, the performance of our products and business, as well as our reputation and the reputations of our customers, could suffer or we could incur liability resulting from the violation of laws or contracts to which we are a party, regulatory enforcement actions, or civil claims.
For the Clarity algorithm, as well as for any potential future AI Technology driven products, performance of the algorithm is generally assessed by comparing the output of the algorithm against a clinically derived reference standard (“ground truth”) for a specified dataset. This applies to internal evaluation of an algorithm’s performance, supporting external presentations and publications, and testing to support regulatory submissions. The Clarity algorithm output will not always agree with the opinion of a qualified
neurologist, and in some cases multiple qualified neurologists will not agree with each other. While we constantly work to improve our product and algorithm, the AI Technologies we work with are novel and complex, and we cannot assure you that our AI Technologies will be able to perform as intended under all circumstances.
For example, an earlier version of the Clarity algorithm was found to be unable to detect seizure or status epilepticus in certain ICU patients who had cardiac arrest. Further, the data that we use to train our AI Technologies includes data collected from EEGs performed on patients by our customers, and we are dependent upon our ability to obtain the right to use such patient data to continue to develop our products, including within appropriate time frames and on commercially reasonable terms. If we are unable to obtain sufficient rights to use such data under applicable regulatory frameworks or our agreements with our customers, or our customers were to withdraw or withhold their data from us, our ability to continue to develop our products and services to our customers, and our revenue prospects, could be materially adversely impacted.
The regulatory framework for AI Technologies is rapidly evolving as many federal, state and foreign government bodies and agencies have introduced or are currently considering additional laws and regulations. The FDA has issued guidance documents relating to the incorporation of AI Technologies into medical devices. In addition, existing laws and regulations may be interpreted in ways that would affect the operation of our AI Technologies or could be rescinded or amended as new administrations take differing approaches to evolving AI Technologies. As a result, implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future, and we cannot yet determine the impact future laws, regulations, standards, or market perception of their requirements may have on our business and may not always be able to anticipate how to respond to these laws or regulations.
In the United States, the Trump administration has rescinded an executive order relating to AI Technologies that was previously implemented by the Biden administration. The Trump administration may continue to rescind other existing federal orders and/or administrative policies relating to AI Technologies, or may implement new executive orders and/or other rule-making relating to AI Technologies in the future. Any such changes at the federal level could require us to expend significant resources to modify our products, services, or operations to ensure compliance or remain competitive. U.S. legislation related to AI Technologies has also been introduced at the federal level and is advancing at the state level. Such additional regulations may impact our ability to develop, use, and commercialize AI Technologies in the future.
It is possible that further new laws and regulations will be adopted in the United States and in other non-U.S. jurisdictions, or that existing laws and regulations, including competition and antitrust laws, may be interpreted in ways that would limit our ability to use AI Technologies for our business, or require us to change the way we use AI Technologies in a manner that negatively affects the performance of the Ceribell System and business and the way in which we use AI Technologies. We may need to expend resources to adjust the Ceribell System in certain jurisdictions if the laws, regulations, or decisions are not consistent across jurisdictions. Further, the cost to comply with such laws, regulations or decisions and/or guidance interpreting existing laws, could be significant and would increase our operating expenses (such as by imposing additional reporting obligations regarding our use of AI Technologies). Such an increase in operating expenses, as well as any actual or perceived failure to comply with such laws and regulations, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Our business and operations may suffer in the event of information technology system failures, cyber attacks, or deficiencies in our cybersecurity.
We collect and maintain information in digital form that is necessary to conduct our business, and we are increasingly dependent on information technology systems and infrastructure to operate our business. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, store, transmit, and process large amounts of confidential information, including intellectual property, proprietary business information, preclinical and clinical trial data, and personal information of clinical trial participants, patients of our customers, and our employees and contractors (collectively, “Confidential Information”). We may also share Confidential Information with our partners or other third parties in conjunction with our business. It is critical that we do so in a secure manner to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of such Confidential Information.
Our information technology systems and those of our customers, third-party service providers, manufacturers, and other contractors or consultants are vulnerable to attack, damage and interruption from computer viruses and malware (e.g. ransomware), misconfigurations, “bugs” or other vulnerabilities, malicious code, natural disasters, terrorism, war, telecommunication and electrical failures, hacking, cyber attacks, phishing attacks and other social engineering schemes, employee theft or misuse, human error, unauthorized access, fraud, denial or degradation of service attacks, and sophisticated nation-state and nation-state-supported actors. We have also outsourced elements of our information technology infrastructure, and as a result a number of third-party vendors may or could have access to our confidential information. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attacks or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased and evolved. If we or our third-party vendors were to experience a significant cybersecurity breach of our or their information systems or data, the costs associated with the investigation, remediation and potential notification of the breach to counter-parties and data subjects could be material. In addition, our
remediation efforts may not be successful. If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build and sustain the proper technology and cybersecurity infrastructure, we could suffer significant business disruption, including transaction errors, supply chain or manufacturing interruptions, processing inefficiencies, data loss or the loss of or damage to intellectual property or other proprietary information. There can also be no assurance that our and our customers’, third-party service providers’, contractors’, and consultants’ cybersecurity risk management programs and processes, including policies, controls, or procedures, will be fully implemented, complied with or effective in protecting our systems, networks, and Confidential Information.
Attacks upon information technology systems are increasing in their frequency, levels of persistence, sophistication, and intensity, and are being conducted by sophisticated and organized groups and individuals with a wide range of motives and expertise. Furthermore, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage, information technology systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. We may also experience security breaches that may remain undetected for an extended period. Even if identified, we may be unable to adequately investigate or remediate incidents or breaches due to attackers increasingly using tools and techniques – including AI – that are designed to circumvent controls, to avoid detection, and to remove or obfuscate forensic evidence.
We and certain of our customers and service providers may be subject to cyber attacks and security incidents from time to time. While we do not believe that we have experienced any significant information technology system failure, accident, or security breach to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our development programs and our business operations, whether due to a loss, corruption or unauthorized disclosure or misappropriation of our trade secrets, personal information, patient data collected from our customers or other Confidential Information or other similar disruptions. It could also expose us to risks, including an inability to provide our services and fulfill contractual demands, and could cause management distraction and the obligation to devote significant financial and other resources to mitigate such problems, which would increase our future information security costs, including through organizational changes, deploying additional personnel, reinforcing administrative, physical and technical safeguards, further training of employees, changing third-party vendor control practices, and engaging third-party subject matter experts and consultants and reduce the demand for our technology and services. If a security breach or other incident were to result in the unauthorized access to or unauthorized use, disclosure, release, or other processing of personal information, including the patient data of our customers, it may be necessary to notify individuals, governmental authorities, supervisory bodies, the media, and other parties pursuant to privacy and security laws and the costs associated with the investigation, remediation, and potential notification of the breach to third-parties and data subjects could be material.
Any security compromise affecting us, our service providers, strategic partners, other contractors, consultants, or our industry, whether real or perceived, could harm our reputation, erode confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures and lead to regulatory scrutiny. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of, or damage to, our data or systems, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary or personal information, we could incur liability, including litigation exposure, penalties and fines, we could become the subject of regulatory action or investigation, our competitive position could be harmed and the further development and commercialization of our products and services could be delayed. If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our business. Furthermore, federal, state and international laws and regulations can expose us to enforcement actions and investigations by regulatory authorities, and potentially result in regulatory penalties, fines and significant legal liability, if our information technology security efforts fail. Any adverse impact to the availability, integrity, or confidentiality of our or third-party information technology systems or Confidential Information, whether actual or perceived, could result in liability, legal claims, or proceedings (such as class actions), regulatory investigations and enforcement actions, fines, and penalties, negative reputational impacts that cause us to lose existing or future customers, and/or significant incident response, system restoration or remediation, and future compliance costs, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Our existing general liability and cyber liability insurance policies may not cover, or may cover only a portion of, any potential claims related to security breaches to which we are exposed or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all or any portion of liabilities that may be imposed. We also cannot be certain that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or in amounts sufficient to cover the potentially significant losses that may result from a security incident or breach or that the insurer will not deny coverage of any future claim. Accordingly, if our cybersecurity measures, and those of our customers and service providers, fail to protect against unauthorized access, attacks (which may include sophisticated cyber attacks), and the mishandling of data, then our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
Our success will depend on our and our licensors’ ability to obtain, maintain, enforce, and protect our intellectual property rights.
Our success and ability to compete depends in part on our and our licensors’ ability to obtain, maintain, enforce, and protect issued patents, trademarks, trade secret, and other intellectual property rights and proprietary technology in the United States and elsewhere. If we cannot adequately obtain, maintain, and enforce our intellectual property rights and proprietary technology, competitors may be able
to use our technologies or the goodwill we have acquired in the marketplace and erode or negate any competitive advantage we may have and our ability to compete, which could harm our business and ability to achieve profitability and/or cause us to incur significant expenses. We generally seek to protect our proprietary position by filing patent applications that are important to our business. We also seek to protect our proprietary position by acquiring or in-licensing relevant issued patents or pending patent applications or other intellectual property or proprietary rights from third parties. If we are unable to obtain or maintain patent protection with respect to any proprietary technology, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be materially harmed.
We rely on a combination of contractual provisions, confidentiality procedures, and patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret and other intellectual property laws to protect the proprietary aspects of the Ceribell System, brand, technologies, trade secrets, know-how, and data. These legal measures afford only limited protection, and competitors or others may gain access to or use our intellectual property rights and proprietary information. In addition, patents have a limited lifespan. In the United States, for example, the natural expiration of a utility patent is generally 20 years from the earliest effective non-provisional filing date. Our success will depend, in part, on preserving our trade secrets, maintaining the security of our data and know-how, and obtaining, maintaining, and enforcing other intellectual property rights. We may not be able to obtain, maintain, and/or enforce our intellectual property or other proprietary rights necessary to our business or in a form that provides us with a competitive advantage.
The patent prosecution process is expensive, time-consuming, and complex, and we may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce, defend, or license all necessary or desirable patents or patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner, or in all jurisdictions. Moreover, pending patent applications cannot be enforced against third parties practicing the technology claimed in such applications unless, and until, patents issue from such applications, and then only to the extent the issued claims cover relevant product, service, or the technology. There can be no assurance that our current or future patent applications will result in patents being issued or that our issued patents will afford sufficient protection against competitors or other third parties with similar products, services or technologies competitive with ours, nor can there be any assurance that the patents issued will not be infringed, designed around, or invalidated by third parties.
Even issued patents may later be found invalid or unenforceable or may be modified or revoked in proceedings instituted by third parties before various patent offices or in courts. The degree of future protection for our and our licensors’ intellectual property or other proprietary rights is uncertain. Only limited protection may be available and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep any competitive advantage. These uncertainties and/or limitations in our ability to properly protect the intellectual property or other proprietary rights relating to our products, services and technologies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We cannot be certain that the claims in our U.S. pending patent applications, corresponding international patent applications and patent applications in certain foreign territories, or those of our licensors, will be considered patentable by the USPTO courts in the United States or by the patent offices and courts in foreign countries, nor can we be certain that the claims in our future issued patents will not be found invalid or unenforceable if challenged. Our ability to obtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends in part on whether the differences between our inventions and the prior art allow our inventions to be patentable over the prior art. Additionally, regardless of when filed, we may fail to identify relevant third-party patents or patent applications, or we may incorrectly conclude that a third-party patent is invalid or not infringed by our products, services, technologies, or activities. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we or our licensors were the first to make the inventions claimed in any of our owned or in-licensed patents or pending patent applications, or that we or our licensors were the first to file for patent protection of such inventions.
Failure to obtain, maintain, and/or enforce intellectual property rights necessary to our business and failure to protect, monitor and control the use of our intellectual property rights could negatively impact our ability to compete and cause us to incur significant expenses. The intellectual property laws and other statutory and contractual arrangements in the United States and other jurisdictions we depend upon may not provide sufficient protection in the future to prevent the infringement, use, violation or misappropriation of our patents, trademarks, data, technology, and other intellectual property rights by others, and may not provide an adequate remedy if our intellectual property rights are infringed, misappropriated, or otherwise violated by others.
The degree of future protection for our intellectual property rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure that:
•others will not develop, manufacture and/or commercialize similar or alternative products, services, or technologies that do not infringe, misappropriate, or violate any patents or other intellectual property rights that we own or have rights to;
•any patents issued to us will provide a basis for an exclusive market for our products, services, or technologies, will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged, invalidated, modified, revoked, or circumvented by third parties;
•any of our challenged patents will be found to ultimately be valid and enforceable;
•any of our patents, or any of our pending patent applications, if issued, will include claims having a scope sufficient to protect our products, services, or technologies;
•any of our pending patent applications will issue as patents, or even if issued, will include claims with a scope sufficient to protect our products, services, or technologies;
•we will be able to successfully develop, manufacture, and commercialize our products, services, or technologies on a substantial scale before relevant patents we may have expire;
•we were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our patents and pending patent applications or we were the first to file patent applications for such inventions;
•we will develop additional proprietary inventions, products, services, or technologies that are separately patentable; or
•our commercial activities, products, services, or technologies will not infringe upon the patents of others.
If we fail to identify our patentable inventions or adequately protect our patent rights, the commercial value of our products, services or technologies may be adversely affected and our competitive position may be harmed.
We rely in part on our portfolio of issued patents and pending patent applications in the United States and other countries to protect our intellectual property and competitive position. However, it is also possible that we may fail to identify patentable aspects of inventions made in the course of the development, manufacture, and commercial activities conducted by or on behalf of us before it is too late to obtain patent protection on such inventions. If we fail to timely file for patent protection in any jurisdiction, we may be precluded from doing so at a later date. Although we enter into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to patentable aspects of our research and development output, such as our employees, outside scientific collaborators, suppliers, consultants, advisors, and other third parties, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose such output before a patent application is filed, thereby jeopardizing our ability to seek patent protection. Furthermore, publications of discoveries in the scientific literature often lag behind the actual discoveries, and patent applications in the United States and other jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing, or in some cases not at all. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we were the first to make the inventions claimed in any of our patents or pending patent applications, or that we were the first to file for patent protection of such inventions. Moreover, should we become a licensee of a third party’s patents or patent applications, depending on the terms of any future in-licenses to which we may become a party, we may not have the right to control the preparation, filing, and prosecution of patent applications, or to maintain or enforce the patents, covering technology in-licensed from third parties. Therefore, these patents and patent applications may not be prosecuted, maintained, and/or enforced in a manner consistent with the best interests of our business. While we generally apply for patents in those countries where we intend to make, have made, use, import, offer for sale, or sell our products or services or otherwise practice our technology, we may not accurately predict all of the countries where patent protection will ultimately be desirable. Furthermore, the issuance of a patent does not give us the right to practice the patented invention. Third parties may have blocking patents that could prevent us from importing, using, manufacturing, and/or commercializing our own products or services, or otherwise practicing our own technology. Any of these outcomes could impair our ability to prevent competition from third parties, which may have an adverse impact on our business.
The patent positions of companies, including our patent position, may involve complex legal and factual questions that have been the subject of much litigation in recent years, and, therefore, the scope of any patent claims that we have or may obtain cannot be predicted with certainty. Accordingly, we cannot provide any assurances about which of our patent applications will issue, the breadth of any resulting patent, whether any of the issued patents will be found to be infringed, invalid, or unenforceable or will be threatened or challenged by third parties, that any of our issued patents have, or that any of our currently pending or future patent applications that mature into issued patents will include, claims with a scope sufficient to protect our products, services, or technology. Our pending and future patent applications may not result in the issuance of patents or, if issued, may not issue in a form that will be advantageous to us. The coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before the patent is issued, and its scope can be reinterpreted after issuance. We cannot offer any assurances that the breadth of our issued patents will be sufficient to stop a competitor from developing, manufacturing, and commercializing one or more products, services, or technologies in a non-infringing manner that would be competitive with one or more of our products, services, or technologies, or otherwise provide us with any competitive advantage. Furthermore, any successful challenge to these patents or any other patents owned by or licensed to us after patent issuance could deprive us of rights necessary for our commercial success. Further, there can be no assurance that we will have adequate resources to enforce our patents.
Though an issued patent is presumed valid and enforceable, its issuance is not conclusive as to its validity or its enforceability and it may not provide us with adequate proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar products or services. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, deemed unenforceable, invalidated, narrowed, or circumvented. Proceedings challenging our patents or patent applications could result in either loss of the patent, or denial of the patent application or loss or reduction in the scope of one or more of the claims of the patent or patent application. Any successful challenge to our patents and patent applications could deprive us of exclusive rights necessary for our commercial success. In addition, defending such challenges in such proceedings may be costly. Thus, any patents that we own or in-license may not provide the anticipated level of, or any, protection against
competitors. Furthermore, an adverse decision may result in a third party receiving a patent right sought by us, which in turn could affect our ability to develop, manufacture, commercialize, import, or otherwise use our products, services, or technologies.
Some of our patents and patent applications are and, may in the future be, co-owned with third parties. If we are unable to obtain an exclusive license to any such third- party co-owners’ interest in such patents or patent applications, such co-owners may be able to license their rights to other third parties, including our competitors, and our competitors could market competing products, services, or technologies. In addition, we may need the cooperation of any such co-owners of our patents to enforce such patents against third parties, and such cooperation may not be provided to us.
Obtaining and maintaining patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment, and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.
The USPTO, and various foreign governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment, and other similar provisions during the patent application process. In addition, periodic maintenance fees, renewal fees, annuity fees, and various other government fees on issued patents often must be paid to the USPTO and foreign patent agencies over the lifetime of the patent and/or applications and any patent rights we may obtain in the future. While an unintentional lapse of a patent or patent application can in many cases be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which non-compliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. Non-compliance events that could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application include, but are not limited to, failure to respond to official actions within prescribed time limits, non-payment of fees, and failure to properly legalize and submit formal documents. There could also be delays at the USPTO caused by staffing cuts and other U.S. government actions as a result of the U.S. Department of Government Efficiency or other executive actions to reduce the size of the U.S. government. If we or our patent licensors fail to maintain the patents and patent applications that we in-license, we may not be able to stop a competitor from marketing products, services, or technologies that are the same as or similar to our products, services, or technologies, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Changes in U.S. or foreign patent laws or their interpretations could diminish the value of our patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our current and future products, services, or technologies, and could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our current or future patents.
Our ability to obtain patents and the breadth of any patents obtained is uncertain in part because, to date, some legal principles remain unresolved, and there has not been a consistent policy regarding the breadth or interpretation of claims allowed in patents in the United States and other countries. Changes in either patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property rights or narrow the scope of our patent protection, which in turn could diminish the commercial value of our products, services, and technologies.
Patent reform legislation may pass in the future that could lead to additional uncertainties and increased costs surrounding the prosecution, enforcement, and defense of our patents and applications. Furthermore, the U.S. Supreme Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit have made, and will likely continue to make, changes in how the patent laws of the United States are interpreted. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations.
In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the value of patents, once obtained. Depending on actions by the United States Congress, the federal courts and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce patents that we own or that we might obtain or license in the future. An inability to obtain, enforce, and defend patents covering our proprietary technologies would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Similarly, foreign courts have made, and will likely continue to make, changes in how the patent laws in their respective jurisdictions are interpreted. Changes in patent laws and regulations in other countries or jurisdictions, changes in the governmental bodies that enforce them, or changes in how the relevant governmental authority enforces patent laws or regulations may weaken our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce patents that we own or may obtain in the future. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the United States. In addition, any protection afforded by foreign patents may be more limited than that provided under U.S. patent and intellectual property laws. We may encounter significant problems in enforcing and defending our intellectual property both in the United States and abroad. For example, if the issuance in a given country of a patent covering an invention is not followed by the issuance in other countries of patents covering the
same invention, or if any judicial interpretation of the validity, enforceability or scope of the claims or the written description or enablement in a patent issued in one country is not similar to the interpretation given to the corresponding patent issued in other countries, our ability to protect our intellectual property rights in those countries may be limited. We cannot predict future changes in the interpretation of patent laws in the United States and other countries or changes to patent laws that might be enacted into law by U.S. and foreign legislative bodies. Those changes may materially affect our patents or patent applications and our ability to obtain additional patent protection in the future. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
In June 2023, the European Unitary Patent system and the European Unified Patent Court (“UPC”) were launched. European patent applications now have the option, upon grant of a patent, of becoming a Unitary Patent which is subject to the jurisdiction of the UPC. In addition, conventional European patents, both already granted at the time the new system began and granted thereafter, are subject to the jurisdiction of the UPC, unless actively opted out. This was a significant change in European patent practice, and deciding whether to opt-in or opt-out of Unitary Patent practice entail strategic and cost considerations. The UPC provides third parties with a new forum to centrally revoke our European patents and makes it possible for a third party to obtain pan-European injunctions against us. It will be several years before we will understand the scope of patent rights that will be recognized and the strength of patent remedies that will be provided by the UPC. While we have the right to opt our patents out of the UPC over the first seven years of the court’s existence, doing so may preclude us from realizing the benefits of the UPC. Moreover, the decision whether to opt-in or opt-out of Unitary Patent status will require coordinating with co-applicants, if any, adding complexity to any such decision.
The legal systems in certain countries may also favor state-sponsored or companies headquartered in particular jurisdictions over our first-in-time patents and other intellectual property protection. We are aware of incidents where such entities have stolen the intellectual property of domestic companies in order to create competing products and we believe we may face such circumstances ourselves in the future. For example, through its “Annual Special 301 Report on Intellectual Property,” the Office of the United States Trade Representative has been reporting on the adequacy and effectiveness of intellectual property protection in a number of foreign countries that are U.S. trading partners and their protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. Placement of a country on the Priority Watch List indicates that particular problems exist in that country with respect to intellectual property protection, enforcement, or market access for persons relying on intellectual property rights. Countries placed on the Priority Watch List are the focus of increased bilateral attention concerning the specific problem areas. It is possible that we will not be able to enforce our intellectual property rights against third parties that misappropriate our proprietary technology in those countries.
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
Filing, prosecuting, and defending patents on our products, services, and technologies in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and the laws of foreign countries may not protect our rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. The requirements for patentability may differ in certain countries, particularly in developing countries. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws in the United States. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third-parties from practicing our inventions in all countries outside the United States or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the United States or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products, services, or technologies and, further, may export otherwise infringing products, services, or technologies to territories where we have patent protection, but enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States. These products, services, or technologies may compete with our products, services, or technologies, and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent such competition.
Various companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in certain foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries may not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to medical devices and related services and technologies, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products, services, and technologies in violation of our intellectual property and proprietary rights. In addition, some jurisdictions, such as Europe, Japan, and China, may have a higher standard for patentability than in the United States, including, for example, imposing a high standard for making claim amendments and for the submission of supplemental experimental data during patent examination. Under those heightened patentability requirements, we may not be able to obtain sufficient patent protection in certain jurisdictions even though the same or similar patent protection can be secured in the United States and other jurisdictions.
Proceedings to enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patent rights at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly, could put our owned or in-licensed patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights around the world may be
inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license. Various countries outside the United States, including certain countries in Europe, India, and China, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties. If we are forced to grant a license to third parties with respect to any patents relevant to our business, our competitive position may be impaired, and our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may be adversely affected. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against government agencies or government contractors. As a result, a patent owner in such countries may have limited remedies in certain circumstances, which could materially diminish the value of such patent. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license.
Further, the standards applied by the USPTO and foreign patent offices in granting patents are not always applied predictably. As such, we do not know the degree of world-wide uniform protection that we will have on our technologies and products in the future.
If we cannot successfully enforce our intellectual property rights, the commercial value of our products, services, or technologies may be adversely affected and our competitive position may be harmed.
The medical device industry is highly competitive and litigious with respect to patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and other intellectual property rights. Companies in the medical device industry have used intellectual property litigation to gain a competitive advantage. Third parties, including our competitors, may currently, or in the future, infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate our issued patents or other intellectual property rights, and we may file lawsuits or initiate other proceedings to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights, which could be expensive, time-consuming, and unsuccessful. We regularly monitor for unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights and, from time to time, analyze whether to seek to enforce our rights against potential infringement, misappropriation, or violation of our intellectual property rights. However, the steps we have taken, and are taking, to protect our proprietary rights may not be adequate to enforce our rights as against such infringement, misappropriation, or violation of our intellectual property rights. In certain circumstances it may not be practicable or cost-effective for us to enforce our intellectual property rights fully, particularly in certain developing countries or where the initiation of a claim might harm our business relationships. We may also be hindered or prevented from enforcing our rights with respect to a government entity or instrumentality because of the doctrine of sovereign immunity. Our ability to enforce our patent or other intellectual property rights depends on our ability to detect infringement. It may be difficult to detect infringers who do not advertise the components or methods that are used in connection with their products, services, or technologies. Moreover, it may be difficult or impossible to obtain evidence of infringement in a competitor’s or potential competitor’s product, services, or technologies. Thus, we may not be able to detect unauthorized use of, or take appropriate steps to enforce, our intellectual property rights. Any inability to meaningfully enforce our intellectual property rights could harm our ability to compete and reduce demand for our products, services, and technologies. We are currently involved in litigation against Natus, which is more fully described in “Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings” of this report, to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, and we may initiate or become subject to additional litigation in the future. Litigation is inherently uncertain, may result in counterclaims or challenges to the validity of our patents, and can be costly and time-consuming. An adverse result in any litigation proceeding could harm our business. In any lawsuit we bring to enforce our intellectual property rights, a court may refuse to stop the other party from manufacturing, commercializing, using or importing the product, service, offering or technology at issue on grounds that our intellectual property rights do not cover, and the other party is not infringing, violating or otherwise misappropriating our intellectual property, through the manufacture, commercialization, use or importation of the product, service, offering or technology in question. Any claims we assert against perceived infringers could also provoke these parties to assert counterclaims against us alleging that we infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate their intellectual property rights. If we initiate legal proceedings against a third party to enforce a patent covering a product, service, offering or technology, the defendant could counterclaim that such patent is invalid or unenforceable. In patent litigation in the United States, defendant counterclaims alleging invalidity or unenforceability are common, and there are numerous grounds upon which a third party can assert invalidity or unenforceability of a patent. Grounds for a validity challenge could be an alleged failure to meet any of several statutory requirements, including lack of patentable subject matter, novelty, obviousness, or non-enablement. Grounds for an unenforceability assertion could be an allegation that someone connected with prosecution of the patent withheld relevant information from USPTO, or made a misleading statement, during prosecution. Mechanisms for such challenges include re-examination, post-grant review, inter partes review, interference proceedings, derivation proceedings, and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (e.g., opposition proceedings). In a patent or other intellectual property proceeding, a court may decide that a patent or other intellectual property right of ours is invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, construe the patent’s claims or other intellectual property narrowly or refuse to stop the other party from manufacturing, commercializing, using or importing the product, service, offering, or technology at issue on the grounds that our patents or other intellectual property do not cover the manufacture, commercialization, use, or importation of the product, service, offering, or technology in question. Furthermore, even if our patents or other intellectual property rights are found to be valid and infringed, a court may refuse to grant injunctive relief against the infringer and instead grant us monetary damages and/or ongoing royalties. Such monetary compensation may be insufficient to adequately offset the damage to our business caused by the infringer’s competition in the market. An adverse result in any litigation or administrative proceeding could put one or more of our patents or other intellectual property rights at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly, which could adversely affect our competitive business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Moreover, even if we are successful in any litigation, we may incur significant expense in connection with such proceedings, and the
amount of any monetary damages may be inadequate to compensate us for damage as a result of the infringement and the proceedings. A legal proceeding, regardless of the outcome, could drain our financial resources and divert the time and effort of our management. Protracted litigation to defend or prosecute our intellectual property rights could result in our customers or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase or use of the affected products until resolution of the litigation.
We cannot guarantee that any of our patent searches or analyses, including but not limited to the identification of relevant patents, analysis of the scope of relevant patent claims or determination of the expiration of relevant patents, are complete or thorough, nor can we be certain that we have identified each and every third-party patent and pending application in the United States, Europe and elsewhere that is relevant to or necessary for the commercialization of our products in any jurisdiction. Patent applications in the United States, the European Union and elsewhere are published approximately 18 months after the earliest filing for which priority is claimed, with such earliest filing date being commonly referred to as the priority date. Additionally, pending patent applications that have been published can, subject to certain limitations, be later amended in a manner that could cover our products or the use of our products. After issuance, the scope of patent claims remains subject to construction as determined by an interpretation of the law, the written disclosure in a patent and the patent’s prosecution history. Our interpretation of the relevance or the scope of a patent or a pending application may be incorrect, which may negatively impact our ability to market our products. We may incorrectly determine that our products are not covered by a third-party patent or may incorrectly predict whether a third party’s pending application will issue with claims of relevant scope. Our determination of the expiration date of any patent in the United States, the European Union or elsewhere that we consider relevant may be incorrect, which may negatively impact our ability to develop and market our products. Our failure to identify and correctly interpret relevant patents may negatively impact our ability to develop and market our products, if approved.
Although our agreements with third-party manufacturing partners generally seek to prevent them from misusing our intellectual property and trade secrets, or using our designs to manufacture products for our competitors, we may be unsuccessful in monitoring and enforcing our intellectual property rights against these manufacturing partners and may find counterfeit goods in the market being sold as our products or future products similar to ours produced for our competitors using our intellectual property. Although we take steps to stop counterfeits, we may not be successful and network operators who purchase these counterfeit goods may experience product defects or failures, harming our reputation and brand and causing us to lose future sales. Any of the foregoing could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may become a party to intellectual property litigation or administrative proceedings that could be expensive, time-consuming, and unsuccessful, and could interfere with our ability to develop, manufacture, commercialize, import, or otherwise use our products, services, or technologies.
Our commercial success depends, in part, on our ability to develop, manufacture, commercialize, import, or use our products, services, and technologies without infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of third parties. Our industry has been characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and other intellectual property rights, and companies in the industry have used intellectual property litigation to gain a competitive advantage. While we take steps to ensure that we do not infringe upon, misappropriate, or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of others, there may be other more pertinent rights of which we are presently unaware.
Third parties may initiate legal proceedings alleging that we are infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights. The outcomes of such proceedings are uncertain and could have a negative impact on the success of our business. It is possible that U.S. and foreign patents and pending patent applications controlled by third parties may be alleged to cover our products, services, and technologies, or that we may be accused of misappropriating third parties’ trade secrets or infringing third parties’ trademarks. We may in the future become party to, or be threatened with, adversarial proceedings or litigation regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our products, services, or technologies, including interference proceedings, post grant review, and inter partes review before the USPTO or equivalent foreign regulatory authority. Furthermore, we may also become involved in other proceedings, such as reexamination, derivation, or opposition proceedings before the USPTO or other jurisdictional body relating to our intellectual property rights or the intellectual property rights of others. Third parties may assert infringement claims against us based on existing patents or patents that may be granted in the future, regardless of their merit. Because patent applications can take many years to issue and because publication schedules for pending applications vary by jurisdiction, there may be applications now pending of which we are unaware and which may result in issued patents, which our current or future products, services, or technologies infringe. Also, because the claims of published patent applications can change between publication and patent grant, there may be published patent applications that may ultimately issue with claims that we infringe. There is a risk that third parties may choose to engage in litigation with us to enforce or to otherwise assert their patent rights against us. Even if we believe such claims are without merit, a court of competent jurisdiction could hold that these third-party patents are valid and enforceable, and infringed by the use of our products, services, or technologies, which could have a negative impact on the commercial success of our current and any future products, services, or technologies. If we were to challenge the validity of any such third-party U.S. patent in federal court, we would need to overcome a presumption of validity. As this burden is a high one requiring us to present clear and convincing evidence as to the invalidity of any such U.S. patent claim, there is no assurance that a court of competent jurisdiction would invalidate the claims of any such U.S. patent. We will have similar burdens to overcome in foreign courts in order to successfully challenge a third-party claim of patent infringement.
Our defense of any litigation or interference proceedings may fail and, even if successful, defending such claims brought against us would cause us to incur substantial expenses and distract our management and other employees. If such claims are successfully asserted against us, we could be forced to pay substantial damages. Further, if a patent infringement or other intellectual property rights-related lawsuit were brought against us, we could be forced, including by court order, to cease developing, manufacturing, commercializing, importing, or using the infringing product, service, or technology. In addition, we could be found liable for monetary damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a patent or other intellectual property right. Although patent, trademark, trade secret, and other intellectual property disputes have often been settled through licensing or similar arrangements, costs associated with such arrangements may be substantial and could include ongoing royalties. We may not be able to obtain licenses on commercially reasonable terms or at all, in which event our business would be materially and adversely affected. Even if we were able to obtain a license, the rights may be non-exclusive, which could result in our competitors and other third parties gaining access to the same intellectual property. Ultimately, if we are unable to obtain such licenses or make any necessary changes to our products, services, or technologies, we could be forced to cease some aspect of our business operations, which could harm our business significantly.
A finding of infringement or an unfavorable interference or derivation proceedings outcome could prevent us from developing, manufacturing, commercializing, importing, or using our products, services, or technologies, or force us to cease some or all of our business operations, which could materially harm our business. Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could have a similar negative impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such litigation or proceedings adequately. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of litigation or administrative proceedings more effectively than we can because of greater financial resources and more mature and developed intellectual property portfolios. We could encounter delays in product introductions while we attempt to develop alternative products or technologies.
If third parties assert infringement, misappropriation, or other claims against our customers, these claims may require us to initiate or defend protracted and costly litigation on behalf of our customers, regardless of the merits of these claims. If any of these claims succeed or settle, we may be forced to pay damages or settlement payments on behalf of our customers or may be required to obtain licenses for the products, services, or technologies they use. If we cannot obtain all necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our customers may be forced to stop using our products, services, or technologies.
Our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources and have made substantial investments in patent portfolios, trade secrets, trademarks, and competing technologies, may have applied for or obtained, or may in the future apply for or obtain, patents or trademarks that will prevent, limit, or otherwise interfere with our ability to make, use, sell, import, and/or export our products, services, or technologies. As the number of competitors in our market grows and the number of patents issued in this area increases, the possibility of patent infringement claims against us may increase. Moreover, individuals and groups that are non-practicing entities, commonly referred to as “patent trolls,” purchase patents, and other intellectual property assets for the purpose of making claims of infringement in order to extract settlements. From time to time, we may receive threatening letters, notices or “invitations to license,”
or may be the subject of claims that our products, services, or technologies and business operations infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of others. These matters can be time-consuming, costly to defend in litigation, divert management’s attention and resources, damage our reputation and brand, and cause us to incur significant expenses or make substantial payments. In addition, we purchase product components, including hardware and software, from suppliers, and the design of these components may be outside of our direct control. These suppliers may not indemnify us in the event that a third party alleges the use of such components infringes its intellectual property rights.
Any lawsuits relating to intellectual property rights could subject us to significant liability for damages and invalidate our intellectual property. Any potential intellectual property litigation also could force us to do one or more of the following:
•stop developing, making, selling, importing, or using products, services, or technologies that allegedly infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate the asserted intellectual property right;
•pay substantial damages or royalties to the party whose intellectual property rights we may be found to be infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating;
•redesign those products, services, or technologies that contain the allegedly infringing intellectual property, which could be costly, disruptive, and infeasible; and attempt to obtain a license to the relevant intellectual property rights from third parties, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or from third parties who may attempt to license rights that they do not have;
•lose the opportunity to license our intellectual property rights to others or to collect royalty payments based upon successful protection and assertion of our intellectual property rights against others;
•incur significant legal expenses; or
•pay the attorney’s fees and costs of litigation to the party whose intellectual property rights we may be found to be infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating.
Third parties may also raise similar claims before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, even outside the context of litigation. Such mechanisms include re-examination, post grant review, inter partes review, and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (for example, opposition proceedings). Such proceedings could result in revocation of or amendment to our patents in such a way that they no longer cover our products, services, or technologies. With respect to the validity question, for example, we cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art, of which we, our patent counsel, and the patent examiner were unaware during prosecution. If a third party were to prevail on a legal assertion of invalidity and/or unenforceability, we may lose at least part, and perhaps all, of the patent protection on our products, services, or technologies. Such a loss of patent protection would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during litigation. There could also be public announcements of the results of hearing, motions, or other interim developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a material adverse effect on the price of shares of our common stock. Even if we ultimately prevail, a court may decide not to grant an injunction against further infringing activity and instead award only monetary damages, which may not be an adequate remedy. Furthermore, even if resolved in our favor, the monetary cost of such litigation and the diversion of the attention of our management could outweigh any benefit we receive as a result of the proceedings. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business. Any of the foregoing may cause us to incur substantial costs and could place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of management from our core business, and harm our reputation.
We may be subject to claims challenging the inventorship or ownership of our patents and other intellectual property rights.
We may also be subject to claims that our current or former employees, contractors, or other third parties have an ownership interest in our current or future patents, patent applications, or other intellectual property rights, including as an inventor or co-inventor. We may be subject to ownership or inventorship disputes in the future arising, for example, from conflicting obligations of employees, consultants, or others who were or are involved in developing our products, services, or technologies. Although it is our policy to require our employees and contractors who may be involved in the conception or development of inventions to execute agreements assigning such inventions and intellectual property rights therein to us, we may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who, in fact, conceives or develops inventions that we regard as our own, and we cannot be certain that our agreements with such parties will be upheld in the face of a potential challenge, or that they will not be breached, for which we may not have an adequate remedy. The assignment of inventions may not be self-executing, or the assignment agreements may be breached, and litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship or ownership of inventorship. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or the right
to use, valuable intellectual property rights, and other owners may be able to license their interest in such intellectual property rights to other third parties, including our competitors. Such an outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees.
In addition, we may be subject to claims from third parties challenging inventorship or ownership of intellectual property rights we regard as our own, based on claims that our agreements with employees or consultants obligating them to assign their inventions and intellectual property rights therein to us are ineffective or in conflict with prior or competing contractual obligations to assign inventions and intellectual property rights therein to another employer, to a former employer, or to another person or entity. Many of our current and former employees and consultants were previously employed at or engaged by other medical device companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Some of these employees and consultants have executed with such previous employment or engagements confidential information non-disclosure and non-use agreements and inventions assignment agreements, which may have included non-competition provisions. Although we try to ensure that such employees and consultants do not use or otherwise disclose confidential information or intellectual property rights of others in their work for us without such other person’s consent, we may be subject to claims that we or our current or former employees or consultants have, inadvertently or otherwise, infringed, violated, or otherwise misappropriated the confidential information or the intellectual property rights of these former employers, clients, or other third parties. To the extent that our current or former employees or consultants disclose or use confidential information or intellectual property rights owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in any related or resulting inventions and litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. It may also be necessary or we may desire to obtain a license to such third party’s intellectual property rights to settle any such claim; however, there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain such license on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If our defense to those claims fails, in addition to paying monetary damages or a settlement payment, a court could prohibit us from manufacturing, commercializing, using or importing the product, service, or technology features or practicing other intellectual property rights that are essential to our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position as well as our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In addition, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and could be a distraction to management and our employees. Any litigation or the threat thereof may adversely affect our ability to hire employees or contract with collaborators, partners, services provides, or contractors. A loss of key personnel or their work product could hamper or prevent our ability to develop, manufacture, commercialize, import, or use our products, services, or technologies, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We depend on certain intellectual property rights that are licensed to us. We may be unsuccessful in licensing or acquiring intellectual property rights from third parties that may be necessary to develop, manufacture, commercialize, import, or use our current and/or future products, services, or technologies.
The “brain stethoscope” EEG sonification technology, which processes data and turns it into sound, that is used in the Ceribell System is protected by intellectual property rights that we in-license from Stanford University. See the section titled “Business—Stanford Agreement” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, we exercised our option to extend exclusivity under certain licensed patent rights owned or controlled by Stanford University through the expiration date of the last-to-expire licensed patent. While we believe this extension strengthens our intellectual property position, there can be no assurance that such exclusivity will be effective in all jurisdictions or that the underlying patents will not be challenged. Our rights to use such intellectual property rights in our business are also subject to the continuation of and our compliance with the terms of the license agreements between us and each of our licensors. In addition, the agreements under which we in-license intellectual property or technology from third parties are complex, and certain provisions in such agreements may be susceptible to multiple interpretations. The resolution of any contract interpretation disagreement that may arise could narrow what we believe to be the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property or technology or increase what we believe to be our financial or other obligations under the relevant agreement, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Moreover, if disputes over intellectual property that we have in-licensed, or in-license in the future, prevent, or impair our ability to maintain our licensing arrangements on commercially acceptable terms, we may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected product candidates, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Despite our best efforts, our current or future licensors might conclude that we materially breached our license agreements and might therefore terminate the license agreements, thereby removing our ability to develop and commercialize products and technology covered by these license agreements. If these in-licenses are terminated, this could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
A third party may hold intellectual property rights, including patent rights, that are important or necessary to the development, manufacture, commercialization, import or use of our current and/or future products, services, or technologies, in which case we would need to acquire or obtain a license to such intellectual property rights from such third party. A third party that perceives us to be a
competitor may be unwilling to license or assign its intellectual property rights to us. In addition, the licensing or acquisition of third-party intellectual property rights is a competitive area, and other companies may also pursue similar strategies to license or acquire such third party’s intellectual property rights. Some of these companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, capital resources and greater development, manufacturing, and commercialization capabilities. We also may be unable to license or acquire third party intellectual property rights on commercially reasonable terms that would allow us to make an appropriate return on our investment, or we may be unable to obtain any such license or acquisition at all. If we are unable to successfully license or acquire necessary third-party intellectual property rights, we may not be able to develop, manufacture, commercialize, import, or use our current and/or future products, services, or technologies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
If we are unable to protect the disclosure and use of our confidential information and trade secrets, the value of our products, services, and technologies and our business and competitive position could be harmed.
In addition to patent protection, we also rely on other intellectual property rights, including trade secrets, know-how, and/or other proprietary information that is not patentable or that we elect not to patent. However, trade secrets can be difficult to protect, and some courts are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. To protect and maintain the confidentiality of our trade secrets and other proprietary information, we rely heavily on confidentiality provisions that we have in contracts with our employees, consultants, collaborators, and other third parties. We generally enter into confidentiality and inventions assignment agreements with our employees, consultants, and applicable third parties upon their commencement of a relationship with us. However, we cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that may have or have had access to our trade secrets or proprietary technology and processes, and we may not enter into such agreements with all employees, consultants, and third parties who have been involved in the development of our inventions. Although we generally require all of our employees, consultants, advisors, and any third parties who have access to our proprietary know-how, information, or technology to enter into confidentiality agreements, we cannot provide any assurances that all such agreements have been duly executed, and any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose our proprietary information, including our trade secrets. We may also need to share our proprietary know-how with current or future partners, collaborators, contractors and others located in countries at heightened risk of theft of trade secrets, including through direct intrusion by private parties or foreign actors, and those affiliated with or controlled by state actors. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property both in the United States and abroad.
In addition, despite the protections we place on our intellectual property and our other proprietary rights, monitoring unauthorized use and disclosure by employees, consultants, and other third parties who have access to such intellectual property or other proprietary rights is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property or other proprietary rights will be adequate. Therefore, we may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge or other trade secrets by such employees, consultants, advisors, or third parties, despite the existence of our protections, including non-disclosure and use restrictions. These agreements may not provide meaningful protection against the unauthorized disclosure or use or of our trade secrets, know-how, or other proprietary information in the event the unwanted use is outside the scope of the provisions of the contracts or in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation, or disclosure of such trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information that we fail to detect. There can be no assurances that such employees, consultants, advisors, or third parties will not intentionally or unintentionally breach their agreements with us, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or independently developed by third parties, including our competitors. If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor, we would have no right to prevent them, or those to whom they communicate it, from using that information to compete with us. In addition to contractual measures, we try to protect the confidential nature of our proprietary information by maintaining physical security of our premises and electronic security of our information technology systems. Such security measures may not, for example, in the case of misappropriation of a trade secret by an employee, consultant or other third party with authorized access, provide adequate protection for our proprietary information. Our security measures may not prevent an employee, consultant, or other third party from misappropriating our trade secrets and providing them to a competitor, and recourse we take against such misconduct may not provide an adequate remedy to protect our interests fully.
If any of our trade secrets were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our competitive position would be harmed. The exposure of our trade secrets and other proprietary information would impair our competitive advantages and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In particular, a failure to protect our proprietary rights may allow competitors to copy our products, services, or technologies, which could adversely affect our pricing and market share. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to copy or reverse engineer certain aspects of our products, services, or technologies that we consider proprietary. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our trade secret rights and related confidentiality, non-disclosure, and non-use provisions, and outcomes of such litigation are unpredictable. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed, used or misappropriated a trade secret can be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. While we use commonly accepted security measures, trade secret violations are often a combination of federal and state law in the United States, and the criteria for protection of trade secrets can vary among different jurisdictions. If the steps we have taken to maintain our trade secrets are deemed inadequate, we may have insufficient recourse against third parties for
misappropriating the trade secret. In addition, some courts are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets and agreement terms that address non-competition are difficult to enforce in many jurisdictions and might not be enforceable in certain cases. Finally, even if we were to be successful on the enforcement of our claims, we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies.
It is also possible that others may independently develop information or technologies that are the same as or similar to our trade secrets or other proprietary technologies and develop products, services, or technologies without obtaining access to our trade secrets or other proprietary information in which case we could not assert any intellectual property rights, including trade secret rights, against such parties in a manner that could prevent legal recourse by us. If we fail to obtain or maintain trade secret protection, or if any of our confidential or proprietary information, such as our trade secrets, were to be disclosed or used by others without our consent or otherwise misappropriated, or if any such information was independently developed by a competitor, or if our competitors obtain our trade secrets or independently develop products, services, or technologies that are the same as or similar to ours, our competitive market position could be materially and adversely harmed.
If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, we may not be able to build brand name recognition in our markets of interest and our competitive position may be harmed.
Our trademarks could be challenged, opposed, invalidated, infringed, and circumvented by third parties, and our trademarks could also be diluted, declared generic or descriptive, or found to be infringing on other marks. If any of the foregoing occurs, we could be forced to re-brand our company, products, services, or technologies, resulting in loss of brand recognition and requiring us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands, and suffer other competitive harm. Third parties may also adopt trademarks similar to ours, which could harm our brand identity and lead to market confusion. Further, there can be no assurance that competitors will not infringe our trademarks or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks. At times, competitors may adopt trade names or trademarks similar to ours, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to market confusion. Certain of our current or future trademarks may become so well known by the public that their use becomes generic and they lose trademark protection. Over the long term, if we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks and trade names, then we may not be able to compete effectively. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We rely on our trademarks, trade names, and brand names, such as our Clarity mark, to distinguish our products, services, and technologies from the products, services, and technologies of our competitors, and have registered or applied to register many of these trademarks in the United States and certain countries outside the United States; however, we have not yet registered all of our trademarks in all of our current and potential markets. There can be no assurance that all of our trademark applications will be approved for registration. During trademark registration proceedings, we may receive rejections. Although we are given an opportunity to respond to those rejections, we may be unable to overcome such rejections. In addition, in proceedings before the USPTO and comparable agencies in many foreign jurisdictions, third parties have opposed and may oppose in the future further our trademark applications and may seek to cancel trademark registrations or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. Opposition or cancellation proceedings may be filed against our trademark filings in these agencies, and such filings may not survive such proceedings. While we may be able to continue the use of our trademarks in the event registration is not available, particularly in the United States, where trademark rights are acquired based on use and not registration, third parties may be able to enjoin the continued use of our trademarks if such parties are able to successfully claim infringement in court. In addition, opposition or cancellation proceedings may be filed against our trademark applications and registrations and our trademarks may not survive such proceedings. If we do not secure registrations for our trademarks, we may encounter more difficulty in enforcing them against third parties than we otherwise would. Our trademarks or trade names may be infringed, circumvented, declared generic, or determined to be violating or infringing on other marks.
Our products contain third-party open source software components and failure to comply with the terms of the underlying open source software licenses could restrict our ability to sell our products, affect our ability to protect our proprietary information, and subject us to possible litigation.
Our products contain software tools licensed by third parties under open source software licenses. Use and distribution of open source software may entail greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source software licensors generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Some open source software licenses contain requirements that the licensee make its source code publicly available if the licensee creates modifications or derivative works using such open source software, depending on the type of open source software the licensee uses and how the licensee uses it. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain open source software licenses, be required to make available the source code of certain of our proprietary software to the public for free. This could allow our competitors to create similar products with less development effort and time and ultimately could result in a loss of product sales and revenue. In addition, some companies that use third-party open source software have faced claims challenging their use of such open source software and their compliance with the terms of the applicable open source license. We may be subject to suits by third parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or claiming non-compliance with the applicable open source licensing
terms. Use of open source software may also present additional security risks because the public availability of such software may make it easier for hackers and other third parties to compromise or attempt to compromise our technology platform and systems.
Although we typically review our use of open source software to avoid subjecting our products, services or technology to conditions we do not intend, the terms of many open source software licenses have not been interpreted by United States courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a way that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products, services or technology. Moreover, our processes for monitoring and controlling our use of open source software in our products, services or technology may not be effective. If we are held to have breached the terms of an open source software license, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties to continue offering our solutions on terms that are not economically feasible, to re-engineer our products, services, or technology, to discontinue the sale of our products, services, or technology if re-engineering could not be accomplished on a timely basis, to pay statutory or other damages to the license holder, or to make generally available, in source code form, our proprietary code, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We are subject to certain manufacturing restrictions related to licensed intellectual property rights that were developed with the financial assistance of United States government grants.
Under the Bayh-Dole Act, the federal government retains a “nonexclusive, nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up license” in inventions produced with its financial assistance (“Government Funded Inventions”) for its own benefit. The Bayh-Dole Act provides federal agencies with march-in rights (“March-In Rights”), which allows a government agency, in specified circumstances, to require the patent owner or successors in title to the patent directed to such Government Funded Inventions (“Patent Owner”) to grant a “nonexclusive, partially exclusive or exclusive license” to a “responsible applicant or applicants,” which if exercised, would allow such government agency to require such Patent Owner to grant a non-exclusive, partially exclusive, or exclusive license in any field of use to a third-party designated by such agency. The Bayh-Dole Act also provides that the Patent Owner manufacture products embodying the respective Government Funded Inventions domestically in accordance with certain requirements. If this domestic manufacturing requirement is not met, the government agency that funded the relevant grant is entitled to exercise March-In Rights. We are subject to the Bayh-Dole Act with respect to licensed technology that was developed with United States government grants. Such licensed technology is used in our recorders. Further, we cannot be sure that if we acquire intellectual property rights in the future they will be free from government rights or regulations pursuant to the Bayh-Dole Act.
If we own, co-own, or in-license Government Funded Inventions that are critical to our business, our ability to enforce or otherwise exploit patents covering such technology may be adversely affected. Further, the exercise of March-In Rights, the requirement that we grant additional licenses to third parties, or the termination of our license of the relevant technologies could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The restrictions of the Bayh-Dole Act may also limit our ability to manufacture our products in locations where it may be otherwise more favorable for us to do so, which could limit our ability to respond to competitive developments or otherwise adversely affect our results of operations. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Risks Relating to Financial and Accounting Matters
Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes may be limited due to certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code or state tax law.
We have incurred substantial losses during our history and may never achieve profitability. U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) we generated in tax years through December 31, 2017, may be carried forward for 20 years and may fully offset taxable income in the year utilized, and federal NOLs we generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, may be carried forward indefinitely but may only be used to offset 80% of our taxable income annually for tax years beginning after December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2025, we had NOLs of approximately $165.6 million for federal income tax purposes and $157.6 million for state income tax purposes.
Realization of these NOLs depends on future taxable income, and there is a risk that our existing NOLs could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future taxable income, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
In addition, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change federal NOLs and other tax attributes (such as tax credits) to offset its post-change taxable income and taxes may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” occurs if there is a greater than 50 percentage point change (by value) in a corporation’s equity ownership by certain stockholders over a rolling three-year period. Transactions that have occurred since our formation may result in an ownership change. In addition, we may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of subsequent shifts in our stock ownership (some of which shifts are outside our control). As a result, our ability to use pre-change federal NOLs and other tax attributes to offset future taxable income and taxes could be subject to limitations. Similar provisions
of state tax law may also apply. For these reasons, even if we achieve profitability, we may be unable to use a material portion of our NOLs and other tax attributes, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Our effective tax rate may vary significantly from period to period.
Various internal and external factors may have favorable or unfavorable effects on our future effective tax rate. These factors include, but are not limited to, changes in tax laws, regulations, or rates, both within and outside the U.S., structural changes in our business, new accounting pronouncements or changes to existing accounting pronouncements, non-deductible goodwill impairments, changing interpretations of existing tax laws or regulations, changes in the relative proportions of revenue and income before taxes in the various jurisdictions in which we operate that have different statutory tax rates, the future levels of tax benefits of equity-based compensation, changes in overall levels of pretax earnings or changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. Additionally, we could be challenged by state and local tax authorities as to the propriety of our sales tax compliance, and our results could be materially impacted by these compliance determinations.
In addition, our effective tax rate may vary significantly depending on the market price of our common stock. The tax effects of the accounting for share-based compensation may significantly impact our effective tax rate from period to period. In periods in which the market price of our common stock is higher than the grant price of the share-based compensation vesting in that period, we will recognize excess tax benefits that will decrease our effective tax rate. In future periods in which our stock price is lower than the grant price of the share-based compensation vesting in that period, our effective tax rate may increase. The amount and value of share-based compensation issued relative to our earnings in a particular period will also affect the magnitude of the impact of share-based compensation on our effective tax rate. These tax effects are dependent on the market price of our common stock, which we do not control, and a decline in our stock price could significantly increase our effective tax rate and adversely affect our financial condition.
Changes in tax laws or tax rulings could adversely affect our effective tax rates, results of operations and financial condition.
The tax regimes we are subject to or operate under are unsettled and may be subject to significant change. This challenge will continue to increase as we expand our operations globally. Changes in tax laws, issuance of new tax rulings or changes in interpretations of existing laws could cause us to be subject to additional income-based taxes and non-income-based taxes, including payroll, sales, use, value-added, digital, net worth, property and goods and services taxes, which in turn could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In particular, the U.S. government may enact significant changes to the taxation of business entities including, among others, an increase in the corporate income tax rate, the imposition of minimum taxes or surtaxes on certain types of income, significant changes to the taxation of income derived from international operations, and it may enact further limitations on the deductibility of business interest. For example, on August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (the “IRA”) was signed into law in the U.S. Among other changes, the IRA, along with subsequent regulations, imposes a minimum tax on certain corporations with book income of at least $1 billion, subject to certain adjustments, and a 1% excise tax on certain stock buybacks and similar corporate actions. Furthermore, on July 4, 2025, the OBBB Act was enacted, introducing amendments to U.S. tax laws with various effective dates from 2025 to 2027, including changes to the treatment of research and development expenses under Section 174 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, modifications to the global intangible low-taxed income regime, new minimum or book-based taxes, and limitations on interest deductibility.
In addition, many countries in the European Union, as well as a number of other countries and organizations, have recently proposed or recommended changes to existing tax laws or have enacted new laws that could impact our tax obligations in the future. We are unable to predict what changes to the tax laws of the U.S. and other jurisdictions may be proposed or enacted in the future or what effect such changes would have on our business. Any of these or similar developments or changes to tax laws or rulings (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect our effective tax rate and our results of operations and financial condition.
Our Credit Agreement contains financial covenants and other restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business.
On August 5, 2026, we entered into the Credit Agreement, which provides for term loan and revolving loan facilities. At closing, we borrowed $20.0 million under the revolving loan facility and no term loans and used the proceeds to repay in full all amounts outstanding under the VLSA, which was terminated in connection with the repayment. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our assets, including our intellectual property, subject to customary exclusions. The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. The Credit Agreement also contains financial covenants that, during applicable testing periods, require us to maintain minimum net revenue of $70.0 million or, in certain circumstances, minimum unrestricted cash of $65.0 million. These covenants limit our ability to, among other things:
•sell, transfer, lease, license or otherwise dispose of assets, other than permitted asset dispositions;
•create, incur, assume, guarantee or otherwise become liable with respect to additional indebtedness or contingent obligations, other than permitted indebtedness and contingent obligations;
•create or permit liens on our assets, other than permitted liens;
•make distributions, including paying dividends on, repurchasing or making other payments with respect to our capital stock, other than permitted distributions;
•consolidate, merge or amalgamate with another person, other than specified permitted transactions;
•make investments or acquisitions, including acquisitions of businesses, assets, products, product lines or intellectual property, other than permitted investments;
•enter into joint ventures or partnerships; and
•enter into certain transactions with our affiliates.
See also “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”—“Liquidity and Capital Resources” for more information regarding the covenants under the Credit Agreement. The covenants in the Credit Agreement limit our ability to take certain actions and could adversely affect our ability to finance our operations, make needed capital expenditures, engage in business combinations or otherwise pursue our business strategies. In addition, if we fail to comply with a covenant or other obligation under the Credit Agreement and an event of default occurs and continues, the lenders may suspend or terminate their lending commitments, accelerate all or a portion of the amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, together with accrued interest, and exercise remedies against the collateral securing such indebtedness, including substantially all of our assets and intellectual property. Any such acceleration or exercise of remedies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Our cash deposits with financial institutions exceed insured limits.
We maintain the majority of our cash and cash equivalents in accounts with one or more U.S. financial institutions, and our deposits at these institutions exceed insured limits. Market conditions can impact the viability of financial institutions. In the event of failure of any of the financial institutions where we maintain our cash and cash equivalents, there can be no assurance that we would be able to access uninsured funds in a timely manner or at all. Any inability to access or delay in accessing these funds could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Common Stock
We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company, and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of:
•the last day of the fiscal year during which our total annual revenue equals or exceeds $1.235 billion (subject to adjustment for inflation);
•the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering (“IPO”);
•the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt; or
•the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act.
As a result of our “emerging growth company” status, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that would otherwise be applicable to public companies including, but not limited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
We also are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Exchange Act. If we are a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal
years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.
Investors may find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and the market price of our common stock may be adversely affected and more volatile.
We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company. We may fail to comply with the rules that apply to public companies, including Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which could result in sanctions or other penalties that would seriously harm our business.
We incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses as a public company, including costs resulting from public company reporting obligations under the Exchange Act and regulations regarding corporate governance practices. The listing requirements of the Nasdaq Global Select Market and the rules of the SEC require that we satisfy certain corporate governance requirements relating to director independence, filing annual and interim reports, stockholder meetings, approvals and voting, soliciting proxies, conflicts of interest and a code of conduct. The reporting requirements, rules and regulations have and will likely continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. Any changes we make to comply with these obligations may not be sufficient to allow us to satisfy our obligations as a public company on a timely basis, or at all. These reporting requirements, rules and regulations, coupled with the increase in potential litigation exposure associated with being a public company, could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or board committees or to serve as executive officers, or to obtain certain types of insurance, including directors’ and officers’ insurance, on acceptable terms.
We are subject to Section 404 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Section 404”) and the related rules of the SEC, which generally require our management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our compliance with Section 404 requires that we incur substantial expense and expend significant management efforts.
During the course of our review and testing, we may identify deficiencies and be unable to remediate them before we must provide the required reports. Furthermore, if we have a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. We may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, which could harm our operating results, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and cause the trading price of our stock to fall. In addition, as a public company we are required to file accurate and timely quarterly and annual reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Any failure to report our financial results on an accurate and timely basis could result in sanctions, lawsuits, delisting of our shares from the Nasdaq Global Select Market or other adverse consequences that would materially harm our business.
We do not intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the market price of our common stock.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and expansion of our business. Any future determination related to dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, prospects, financial condition, contractual restrictions and capital requirements. In addition, our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock is limited by the terms of the Credit Agreement, and may be limited by the terms of any future debt or preferred securities we issue or any future credit facilities we enter into. Accordingly, investors must for the foreseeable future rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.
If our operating and financial performance in any given period does not meet the guidance provided to the public or the expectations of investment analysts, the market price of our common stock may decline.
We may, but are not obligated to, provide public guidance on our expected operating and financial results for future periods. Any such guidance will be comprised of forward-looking statements subject to the risks and uncertainties described in this Quarterly Report and in our other public filings and public statements. The ability to provide this public guidance, and the ability to accurately forecast our results of operations, will be impacted by a number of factors, many of which are out of our control. Our actual results may not always be in line with or exceed any guidance we have provided, especially in times of economic or regulatory uncertainty. If, in the future, our operating or financial results for a particular period do not meet any guidance provided or the expectations of investment analysts or investors generally, or if we reduce our guidance for future periods, the market price of our common stock may decline. Even if we do issue public guidance, there can be no assurance that we will continue to do so in the future.
Future securities issuances could result in significant dilution to our stockholders and impair the market price of our common stock.
Future issuances of shares of our common stock, or the perception that these sales may occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and result in dilution to existing holders of our common stock. Also, to the extent outstanding options to purchase shares of our common stock are exercised or options, restricted stock units or other stock-based awards are issued or become vested, there will be further dilution. The amount of dilution could be substantial depending upon the size of the issuances or exercises. Furthermore, we may issue additional equity securities that could have rights senior to those of our common stock. As a result, holders of our common stock bear the risk that future issuances of debt or equity securities may reduce the value of our common stock and further dilute their ownership interest.
We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all, and may dilute existing stockholders’ ownership of our common stock.
We intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges and opportunities, including the need to develop new products, enhance our existing products, enhance our operating infrastructure, potentially expand internationally, and potentially acquire complementary businesses and technologies. In order to achieve these objectives, we may make future commitments of capital resources. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. In addition, the incurrence of indebtedness would increase our fixed obligations and include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations. Further, if additional financing is needed, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us or at all. Our inability to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, could significantly limit our ability to continue supporting our business growth and responding to business challenges and opportunities.
Our principal stockholders and management own a significant percentage of our stock and are able to exert significant control over matters subject to stockholder approval.
As of April 6, 2026, our executive officers, directors, owners of more than 5% of our capital stock and their respective affiliates beneficially owned approximately 45% of our common stock. Therefore, these stockholders have the ability to influence us through this ownership position. These stockholders may be able to determine all matters requiring stockholder approval. For example, these stockholders may be able to control elections of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, or approval of any merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transaction. This may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our common stock that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our stockholders.
Provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could discourage a takeover that stockholders may consider favorable and may lead to entrenchment of management.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent changes in control or changes in our management without the consent of our Board of Directors. These provisions include the following:
•a classified Board of Directors with three-year staggered terms, which may delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our Board of Directors;
•no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;
•the exclusive right of our Board of Directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the Board of Directors or the resignation, death, or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our Board of Directors;
•the ability of our Board of Directors to authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquiror;
•the ability of our Board of Directors to alter our amended and restated bylaws without obtaining stockholder approval;
•the required approval of at least 66 2/3% of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors to adopt, amend or repeal our amended and restated bylaws or to repeal certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation;
•a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;
•the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by our Board of Directors, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; and
•advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our Board of Directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.
We are also subject to the anti-takeover provisions contained in Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware General Corporation Law”). Under Section 203, a corporation may not, in general, engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or, among other exceptions, the Board of Directors has approved the transaction.
Claims for indemnification by our directors, officers, and other employees or agents may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.
In addition, as permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated bylaws and our indemnification agreements that we have entered into with our directors, officers and certain other employees provide that:
•We will indemnify our directors and officers for serving us in those capacities or for serving other business enterprises at our request, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that a corporation may indemnify such person if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the registrant and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful.
•We may, in our discretion, indemnify employees and agents in those circumstances where indemnification is permitted by applicable law.
•We are required to advance expenses, as incurred, to our directors and officers in connection with defending a proceeding, except that such directors or officers shall undertake to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification.
•We will not be obligated pursuant to our amended and restated bylaws to indemnify a person with respect to proceedings initiated by that person against us or our other indemnitees, except with respect to proceedings authorized by our Board of Directors or brought to enforce a right to indemnification.
•The rights conferred in our amended and restated bylaws are not exclusive, and we are authorized to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors, officers, employees, and agents and to obtain insurance to indemnify such persons.
•We may not retroactively amend our amended and restated bylaws provisions to reduce our indemnification obligations to directors, officers, employees, and agents.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for certain disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, in the event that the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or stockholders to us or to our stockholders, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or our amended and restated bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time), or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; provided that, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction; and provided further that, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismisses any such action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, such action may be brought in another state or federal court sitting in the State of Delaware. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that the federal district courts of the United States of America are the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action against us or any of our
directors, officers, employees, or agents and arising under the Securities Act. Nothing in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws precludes stockholders that assert claims under the Exchange Act from bringing such claims in state or federal court, subject to applicable law.
If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope described above is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”), in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the applicable provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder. Although our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains the choice of forum provision described above, it is possible that a court could find that such a provision is inapplicable for a particular claim or action or that such provision is unenforceable.
We believe these provisions may benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal securities laws by chancellors and judges, as applicable, particularly experienced in resolving corporate disputes, efficient administration of cases on a more expedited schedule relative to other forums, and protection against the burdens of multi-forum litigation. However, this choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees, or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims, although our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Furthermore, the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions, and there can be no assurance that such provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.
The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and could fluctuate or decline significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition or results of operations;
•variance in our financial performance from expectations of securities analysts;
•sales of shares of our common stock by us or our stockholders, or the anticipation of such sales;
•hedging activities by market participants;
•announcements by us or our competitors of significant products or features, technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
•changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of companies in our industry, including our competitors;
•changes in third-party payor reimbursement policies;
•an inability to obtain additional funding;
•general economic, industry and market conditions, including price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market;
•lawsuits threatened or filed against us;
•developments in new legislation and pending lawsuits or regulatory actions, including interim or final rulings by judicial or regulatory bodies; and
•other events or factors, including those resulting from political conditions, election cycles, geopolitical actions, including unexpected changes in tariffs, trade barriers, price and exchange controls, and other regulatory requirements, war or incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events, many of which are outside of our control.
In addition, extreme price and volume fluctuations in the stock markets have affected and continue to affect many medical devices and technology companies’ stock prices. Stock prices often fluctuate in ways unrelated or disproportionate to the companies’ operating performance. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. This
risk is especially relevant for us because medical technology companies have experienced significant stock price volatility in recent years. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and seriously harm our business.
Moreover, because of these fluctuations, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failure to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenues or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated revenue or earnings forecasts that we may provide.
If securities or industry analysts do not continue to publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding our stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock is influenced, in part, by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If any of the analysts who cover us issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding us, our business model, our intellectual property or our stock performance, or if our results of operations fail to meet the expectations of analysts, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
General Risk Factors
If we engage in acquisitions or strategic partnerships, it may increase our capital requirements, dilute our stockholders, cause us to incur debt or assume contingent liabilities, and subject us to other risks.
From time to time, we may evaluate various acquisitions and strategic partnerships, including licensing or acquiring complementary offerings, intellectual property rights, technologies, or businesses. Any acquisition or strategic partnership may entail numerous risks, including:
•increased operating expenses and cash requirements;
•the assumption of additional indebtedness or contingent liabilities;
•assimilation of operations, intellectual property, and products of an acquired company, including difficulties associated with integrating new personnel;
•the diversion of our management’s attention from our existing operations in pursuing such a strategic merger or acquisition;
•loss of key personnel and uncertainties in our ability to maintain key business relationships;
•uncertainties associated with the other party to such a transaction, including the prospects of that party and their existing products or future products and regulatory approvals; and
•our inability to generate revenue from acquired technology and/or products sufficient to meet our objectives in undertaking the acquisition or even to offset the associated acquisition and maintenance costs.
In addition, if we undertake acquisitions or strategic partnerships, we may issue dilutive securities, assume or incur debt obligations, incur large one-time expenses, and acquire intangible assets that could result in significant future amortization expense. Moreover, we may not be able to locate suitable acquisition or partnership opportunities, and even if we do locate such opportunities, we may not be able to successfully bid for or obtain them due to competitive factors or lack of sufficient resources. This inability could impair our ability to grow or obtain access to technology or products that may be important to the development of our business.
We or the third parties we depend on may be adversely affected by natural disasters and other catastrophic events, and our business continuity and disaster recovery plans may not adequately protect us from a serious natural disaster or other catastrophic event. Any interruption in our operations or the operations of third parties who supply components or other materials for our products may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Severe weather, natural disasters and other catastrophic events, including pandemics or other public health crises (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods, fires, explosions, accidents, power outages, cyber attacks, telecommunications failures, mechanical failures, unscheduled downtimes, civil unrest, strikes, transportation interruptions, unpermitted discharges or releases of toxic or hazardous substances, other environmental risks, wars or other conflicts (including wars in Ukraine and the Middle East), sabotage, terrorist attacks, or other intentional acts of vandalism or misconduct could severely disrupt our
operations, or the operations of third parties who manufacture or supply components or other materials for our products, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
If a natural disaster or other catastrophic event occurs that prevents us or third-party suppliers or manufacturers from using all or a significant portion of our or their headquarters or other facilities, that damages critical infrastructure or that otherwise disrupts operations, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible, for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time. The disaster recovery and business continuity plans we have in place currently are limited and are unlikely to prove adequate in the event of a serious disaster or similar catastrophic event. The potential impact of any disruption would depend on the nature and extent of the damage caused by a disaster. We may incur substantial expenses as a result of the limited nature of our disaster recovery and business continuity plans, which, particularly when taken together with our lack of earthquake insurance, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
In addition, our corporate headquarters and manufacturing facilities are located in Sunnyvale, California, near major earthquake faults and fire zones. We do not carry earthquake insurance. Furthermore, integral parties in our supply chain are similarly vulnerable to natural disasters or other sudden, unforeseen, and severe adverse events. If such an event were to affect our supply chain, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
We are subject to risks from legal and arbitration proceedings that may prevent us from pursuing our business activities or require us to incur additional costs in defending against claims or paying damages.
We may become subject to legal disputes and regulatory proceedings in connection with our business activities involving, among other things, product liability, product defects, intellectual property infringement, employment matters, and/or alleged violations of other applicable laws in various jurisdictions. We may not be insured against all potential damages that may arise out of any claims to which we may be party in the ordinary course of our business. A negative outcome of these proceedings may prevent us from pursuing certain activities and/or require us to incur additional costs in order to do so and pay damages. In addition, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities. This type of litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which would harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Additionally, the significant increase in the cost of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance may cause us to opt for lower overall policy limits or to forgo insurance that we may otherwise rely on to cover significant defense costs, settlements, and damages awarded to plaintiffs.
The outcome of pending or potential future legal and arbitration proceedings is difficult to predict with certainty. In the event of a negative outcome of any material legal or arbitration proceeding, whether based on a judgment or a settlement agreement, we could be obligated to make substantial payments, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In addition, the costs related to litigation and arbitration proceedings may be significant, and any legal or arbitration proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud.
We are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. We must design our disclosure controls and procedures to reasonably assure that information we must disclose in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, and recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. We believe that any disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls and procedures, no matter how well-conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.
These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. For example, our directors or executive officers could inadvertently fail to disclose a new relationship or arrangement, causing us to fail to make a required related party transaction disclosure. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by an unauthorized override of the controls. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in our control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
Our insurance may not cover all potential losses or liabilities that may arise.
We are not insured against all potential losses or liabilities that may arise, as insurance coverage may be unavailable, not cost-effective, or subject to significant limitations. For example, we are not insured against business interruptions suffered by third parties that we depend on, environmental liabilities or patent infringement, among other types of risks. Furthermore, no assurance can be given that an insurance carrier will not seek to cancel or deny coverage after a claim has occurred. If a loss or liability occurs that is not or not fully covered by insurance, we may be required to pay substantial amounts, which could adversely affect its cash position and results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds
On October 15, 2024, we completed our IPO, in which we issued and sold 12,196,969 shares of our common stock, which includes an additional 1,590,909 shares of common stock purchased by the underwriters pursuant to their option to purchase additional shares, at a price to the public of $17.00 per share. The proceeds to the Company from the IPO were approximately $188.2 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering costs. There has been no material change in the intended use of proceeds from our IPO as described in our final prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b), filed with the SEC on October 11, 2024.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
On August 5, 2026, the Company entered into a Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Company, as borrower, MidCap Funding IV Trust, as agent, MidCap Financial Trust, as term loan servicer, and the lenders from time to time party thereto. The Credit Agreement provides for (i) a term loan facility, consisting of a $30.0 million commitment and an additional $25.0 million of uncommitted capital that may be available at the Lender's discretion, and (ii) a revolving loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $20.0 million, which may be increased to up to $30.0 million at the Company's discretion upon satisfaction of certain conditions set forth therein. The $20.0 million revolving credit facility operates on a non-formula basis through December 31, 2027, after which time, availability under the facility will be subject to a borrowing base based on eligible accounts receivable and inventory. The term loan is callable at the Company's request at any time before December 31, 2028.
At closing, the Company borrowed $20.0 million under the revolving facility and has no balance drawn under the term loan. The proceeds of borrowings under the Credit Agreement were used to repay in full the Company's outstanding obligations under the VLSA described in Note 9. Future borrowings will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets, including its intellectual property. A financial covenant is only effective if the sum of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the term loans plus the aggregate amount of the revolving credit facility commitment exceeds $35.0 million. When effective, the financial covenant requires that the company maintain either (a) minimum trailing 12 months net revenue of at least $70.0 million or (b) cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of at least $65.0 million. Term loans bear interest at Term SOFR (subject to a 1.00% floor) plus 5.00% per annum, and revolving loans bear interest at Term SOFR (subject to a 1.00% floor) plus 3.75% per annum, in each case payable monthly in arrears in cash, and the loans mature on August 5, 2031. The term loan and revolver may be voluntarily prepaid subject to a prepayment premium and exit fee.
The foregoing description of the Credit Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Credit Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information contained in this Item 5 is intended to satisfy the Company’s reporting obligations under Item 1.01 (Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement) and Item 2.03 (Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant) of Form 8-K.
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
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Name |
Action |
Date |
Trading Arrangement |
Total Shares to be Sold |
Expiration Date |
Rule 10b5-1* |
Non-Rule 10b5-1** |
David Foehr Senior Vice President, Finance |
Adopt |
May 21, 2026 |
X |
|
20,400 |
September 9, 2027 |
Raymond Woo Chief Technology Officer |
Adopt |
June 5, 2026 |
X |
|
85,821 |
August 31, 2027 |
* Intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c).
** Not intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c).
Item 6. Exhibits.
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Incorporated by reference |
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Exhibit Number |
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Description |
Form |
Dated |
Number |
Provided Herewith |
3.1 |
|
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. |
8-K |
10/15/2024 |
3.1 |
|
3.2 |
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws. |
8-K |
10/15/2024 |
3.2 |
|
4.1 |
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Form of Common Stock Certificate. |
S-1/A |
9/19/2024 |
4.01 |
|
10.1 |
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Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2026, by and among CeriBell, Inc., as Borrower, MidCap Funding IV Trust, as Agent, and MidCap Financial Trust, as Term Loan Servicer. |
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|
X |
10.2# |
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Non-Employee Director Compensation Program |
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|
X |
31.1 |
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Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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|
X |
31.2 |
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Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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|
X |
32.1* |
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Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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|
X |
32.2* |
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Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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101.INS |
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Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |
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101.SCH |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. |
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101.CAL |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. |
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101.DEF |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase. |
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101.LAB |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase. |
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101.PRE |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. |
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104 |
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Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |
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Portions of the exhibit, marked by [###], have been omitted because the omitted information is (i) not material and (ii) the type of information that the registrant customarily and actually treats as private or confidential.
# Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.
* The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and Exhibit 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, are not deemed “filed” by the Registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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CERIBELL, INC. |
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Date: August 10, 2026 |
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By: |
/s/ Xingjuan (Jane) Chao, Ph.D. |
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Xingjuan (Jane) Chao, Ph.D. |
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President and Chief Executive Officer |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
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Date: August 10, 2026 |
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By: |
/s/ Scott Blumberg |
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Scott Blumberg |
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Chief Financial Officer |
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(Principal Financial Officer) |
EX-10.1
CREDIT, SECURITY AND GUARANTY AGREEMENT
dated as of August 5, 2026
by and among
Ceribell, inc.,
as Borrower and any additional borrower that hereafter becomes party hereto, each as Borrower, and collectively as Borrowers,
and
any guarantor that hereafter becomes party hereto, each as Guarantor, and collectively as Guarantors,
and
MIDCAP FUNDING IV TRUST ,
as Agent,
MIDCAP FINANCIAL TRUST,
as Term Loan Servicer,
and
THE LENDERS
FROM TIME TO TIME PARTY HERETO

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MidCap / CeriBell / Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement
Table of Contents
Page
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Article 1 - DEFINITIONS |
1 |
Section 1.1 |
Certain Defined Terms |
1 |
Section 1.2 |
Accounting Terms and Determinations |
38 |
Section 1.3 |
Other Definitional and Interpretive Provisions |
39 |
Section 1.4 |
Settlement and Funding Mechanics |
39 |
Section 1.5 |
Time is of the Essence |
39 |
Section 1.6 |
Time of Day |
39 |
Article 2 - LOANS |
40 |
Section 2.1 |
Loans. |
40 |
Section 2.2 |
Interest, Interest Calculations and Certain Fees |
43 |
Section 2.3 |
Notes |
47 |
Section 2.4 |
Reserved. |
47 |
Section 2.5 |
Reserved. |
47 |
Section 2.6 |
General Provisions Regarding Payment; Loan Accounts. |
47 |
Section 2.7 |
Maximum Interest |
48 |
Section 2.8 |
Taxes; Capital Adequacy; Increased Costs; Inability to Determine Rates; Illegality. |
48 |
Section 2.9 |
Appointment of Borrower Representative. |
53 |
Section 2.10 |
Joint and Several Liability; Rights of Contribution; Subordination and Subrogation. |
54 |
Section 2.11 |
Collections and Lockbox Account |
56 |
Section 2.12 |
Termination; Restriction on Termination. |
58 |
Article 3 - REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES |
59 |
Section 3.1 |
Existence and Power |
59 |
Section 3.2 |
Organization and Governmental Authorization; No Contravention |
59 |
Section 3.3 |
Binding Effect |
59 |
Section 3.4 |
Capitalization |
59 |
Section 3.5 |
Financial Information |
60 |
Section 3.6 |
Litigation |
60 |
Section 3.7 |
Ownership of Property |
60 |
Section 3.8 |
No Default |
60 |
Section 3.9 |
Labor Matters |
60 |
Section 3.10 |
Investment Company Act |
60 |
Section 3.11 |
Margin Regulations |
60 |
Section 3.12 |
Compliance With Laws; Anti-Terrorism Laws. |
61 |
Section 3.13 |
Taxes |
61 |
Section 3.14 |
Compliance with ERISA. |
61 |
Section 3.15 |
Consummation of Financing Documents; Brokers |
62 |
Section 3.16 |
[Reserved] |
62 |
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Section 3.17 |
Material Contracts |
62 |
Section 3.18 |
Compliance with Environmental Requirements; No Hazardous Materials |
62 |
Section 3.19 |
Intellectual Property and License Agreements |
63 |
Section 3.20 |
Solvency |
63 |
Section 3.21 |
Full Disclosure |
63 |
Section 3.22 |
Reserved |
63 |
Section 3.23 |
Subsidiaries |
63 |
Section 3.24 |
Accuracy of Schedules |
64 |
Section 3.25 |
Eligible Account; Eligible Inventory |
64 |
Section 3.26 |
Regulatory Matters. |
64 |
Section 3.27 |
Senior Indebtedness Status |
65 |
Article 4 - AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS |
65 |
Section 4.1 |
Financial Statements, Other Reports and Notices |
65 |
Section 4.2 |
Payment and Performance of Obligations |
67 |
Section 4.3 |
Maintenance of Existence |
68 |
Section 4.4 |
Maintenance of Property; Insurance. |
68 |
Section 4.5 |
Compliance with Laws and Material Contracts |
69 |
Section 4.6 |
Inspection of Property, Books and Records |
69 |
Section 4.7 |
Use of Proceeds |
69 |
Section 4.8 |
[Reserved] |
70 |
Section 4.9 |
Notices of Material Contracts, Litigation and Defaults. |
70 |
Section 4.10 |
Hazardous Materials; Remediation. |
70 |
Section 4.11 |
Further Assurances; Joinder. |
71 |
Section 4.12 |
Reserved |
72 |
Section 4.13 |
Power of Attorney |
72 |
Section 4.14 |
Borrowing Base Collateral Administration |
72 |
Section 4.15 |
Schedule Updates |
73 |
Section 4.16 |
Intellectual Property and Licensing. |
73 |
Section 4.17 |
Regulatory Covenants. |
74 |
Article 5 - NEGATIVE COVENANTS |
74 |
Section 5.1 |
Debt; Contingent Obligations |
74 |
Section 5.2 |
Liens |
75 |
Section 5.3 |
Distributions |
75 |
Section 5.4 |
Restrictive Agreements |
75 |
Section 5.5 |
Payments and Modifications of Subordinated Debt |
75 |
Section 5.6 |
Consolidations, Mergers and Sales of Assets; Change in Control |
75 |
Section 5.7 |
Purchase of Assets, Investments |
76 |
Section 5.8 |
Transactions with Affiliates |
76 |
Section 5.9 |
Modification of Organizational Documents |
76 |
Section 5.10 |
Modification of Certain Agreements |
76 |
Section 5.11 |
Conduct of Business |
76 |
Section 5.12 |
[Reserved] |
77 |
Section 5.13 |
Limitation on Sale and Leaseback Transactions |
77 |
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Section 5.14 |
Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts; Payroll and Benefits Accounts |
77 |
Section 5.15 |
Compliance with Anti-Terrorism Laws |
77 |
Section 5.16 |
Change in Accounting |
78 |
Section 5.17 |
Investment Company Act |
78 |
Section 5.18 |
Agreements Regarding Receivables |
78 |
Article 6 – FINANCIAL COVENANTS |
78 |
Section 6.1 |
Minimum Net Revenue. |
78 |
Section 6.2 |
Minimum Unrestricted Cash |
78 |
Section 6.3 |
Evidence of Compliance |
78 |
Article 7 – CONDITIONS |
79 |
Section 7.1 |
Conditions to Closing |
79 |
Section 7.2 |
Conditions to Each Loan |
79 |
Section 7.3 |
Searches |
80 |
Section 7.4 |
Post-Closing Requirements |
81 |
Article 8 – RESERVED |
81 |
Article 9 – SECURITY AGREEMENT |
81 |
Section 9.1 |
Generally |
81 |
Section 9.2 |
Representations and Warranties and Covenants Relating to Collateral. |
81 |
Article 10 - EVENTS OF DEFAULT |
85 |
Section 10.1 |
Events of Default |
85 |
Section 10.2 |
Acceleration and Suspension or Termination of Revolving Loan Commitment and Term Loan Commitment |
87 |
Section 10.3 |
UCC Remedies. |
88 |
Section 10.4 |
Protective Payments |
89 |
Section 10.5 |
Default Rate of Interest |
90 |
Section 10.6 |
Setoff Rights |
90 |
Section 10.7 |
Application of Proceeds. |
90 |
Section 10.8 |
Waivers. |
91 |
Section 10.9 |
Injunctive Relief |
93 |
Section 10.10 |
Marshalling; Payments Set Aside |
93 |
Article 11 - AGENT |
93 |
Section 11.1 |
Appointment and Authorization |
93 |
Section 11.2 |
Agents and Affiliates |
94 |
Section 11.3 |
Action by Agent |
94 |
Section 11.4 |
Consultation with Experts |
94 |
Section 11.5 |
Liability of Agent |
94 |
Section 11.6 |
Indemnification |
94 |
Section 11.7 |
Right to Request and Act on Instructions |
95 |
Section 11.8 |
Credit Decision |
95 |
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Section 11.9 |
Collateral Matters |
95 |
Section 11.10 |
Agency for Perfection |
95 |
Section 11.11 |
Notice of Default |
96 |
Section 11.12 |
Assignment by Agent; Resignation of Agent; Successor Agent. |
96 |
Section 11.13 |
Payment and Sharing of Payment. |
97 |
Section 11.14 |
Right to Perform, Preserve and Protect |
99 |
Section 11.15 |
Additional Titled Agents |
99 |
Section 11.16 |
Amendments and Waivers. |
100 |
Section 11.17 |
Assignments and Participations. |
101 |
Section 11.18 |
Funding and Settlement Provisions Applicable When Non-Funding Lenders Exist |
103 |
Article 12 – Guaranty |
104 |
Section 12.1 |
Guaranty |
104 |
Section 12.2 |
Payment of Amounts Owed |
104 |
Section 12.3 |
Certain Waivers by Guarantor |
105 |
Section 12.4 |
Guarantor’s Obligations Not Affected by Modifications of Financing Documents |
107 |
Section 12.5 |
Reinstatement; Deficiency |
107 |
Section 12.6 |
Subordination of Borrowers’ Obligations to Guarantors; Claims in Bankruptcy. |
107 |
Section 12.7 |
Maximum Liability |
108 |
Section 12.8 |
Guarantor’s Investigation |
108 |
Section 12.9 |
Termination |
108 |
Section 12.10 |
Representative |
109 |
Section 12.11 |
Guarantor Acknowledgement |
109 |
Article 13 - MISCELLANEOUS |
109 |
Section 13.1 |
Survival |
109 |
Section 13.2 |
No Waivers |
109 |
Section 13.3 |
Notices. |
110 |
Section 13.4 |
Severability |
111 |
Section 13.5 |
Headings |
111 |
Section 13.6 |
Confidentiality |
111 |
Section 13.7 |
Waiver of Consequential and Other Damages |
112 |
Section 13.8 |
GOVERNING LAW; SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. |
112 |
Section 13.9 |
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL |
113 |
Section 13.10 |
Publication; Advertisement. |
114 |
Section 13.11 |
Counterparts; Integration |
114 |
Section 13.12 |
No Strict Construction |
115 |
Section 13.13 |
Lender Approvals |
115 |
Section 13.14 |
Expenses; Indemnity |
115 |
Section 13.15 |
reserved |
117 |
Section 13.16 |
Reinstatement |
117 |
Section 13.17 |
Successors and Assigns |
117 |
Section 13.18 |
USA PATRIOT Act Notification |
117 |
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Section 13.19 |
Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of Affected Financial Institutions |
117 |
Section 13.20 |
Erroneous Payments. |
118 |
CREDIT, SECURITY AND GUARANTY AGREEMENT
This CREDIT, SECURITY AND GUARANTY AGREEMENT (as the same may be amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Agreement”) is dated as of August 5, 2026 by and among CERIBELL, INC., a Delaware corporation (“CeriBell”), and any additional borrower that may hereafter be added to this Agreement and each of their successors and permitted assigns (with CeriBell, each individually as a “Borrower”, and collectively, the “Borrowers”), any entities that become party hereto as Guarantors and each of their successors and permitted assigns (each individually, a “Guarantor” and collectively, with each of their successors and assigns, the “Guarantors”), MIDCAP FUNDING IV TRUST , as Agent MIDCAP FINANCIAL TRUST, as Term Loan Servicer, and the financial institutions or other entities from time to time parties hereto, each as a Lender.
RECITALS
The Credit Parties have requested that Lenders make available to Borrowers the financing facilities as described herein. Lenders are willing to extend such credit to Borrowers under the terms and conditions herein set forth.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the agreements, provisions and covenants herein contained, Credit Parties, Lenders, Agent and Term Loan Servicer agree as follows:
Article 1 - DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1 Certain Defined Terms. The terms below have the following meanings:
“Acceleration Event” means the occurrence of an Event of Default (a) in respect of which Agent has declared all or any portion of the Obligations to be immediately due and payable pursuant to Section 10.2, (b) pursuant to Section 10.1(a), and in respect of which Agent has suspended or terminated the Revolving Loan Commitment or Term Loan Commitment pursuant to Section 10.2, and/or (c) pursuant to either Section 10.1(e) and/or Section 10.1(f).
“Account Debtor” means “account debtor”, as defined in Article 9 of the UCC, and any other obligor in respect of an Account.
“Accounts” means, collectively, (a) any right to payment of a monetary obligation, whether or not earned by performance, (b) without duplication, any “account” (as defined in the UCC), any accounts receivable (whether in the form of payments for services rendered or goods sold, rents, license fees or otherwise), any “health-care-insurance receivables” (as defined in the UCC), any “payment intangibles” (as defined in the UCC) and all other rights to payment and/or reimbursement of every kind and description, whether or not earned by performance, (c) all accounts, “general intangibles” (as defined in the UCC), Intellectual Property, rights, remedies, Guarantees, “supporting obligations” (as defined in the UCC), “letter-of-credit rights” (as defined in the UCC) and security interests in respect of the foregoing, all rights of enforcement and collection, all books and records evidencing or related to the foregoing, and all rights under the Financing Documents in respect of the foregoing, and (d) all Proceeds of any of the foregoing.
“Acquisition” means any transaction or series of related transactions for the purpose of or resulting, directly or indirectly, in (a) the acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets of a Person, or of any business, line of business or division or other unit of operation of a Person, (b) the acquisition of fifty percent (50%) or more of the Equity Interests of any Person, whether or not involving a merger or
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consolidation with such other Person, or otherwise causing any Person to become a Subsidiary of a Credit Party, (c) any merger or consolidation or any other combination with another Person or (d) the acquisition (including through licensing) of any Product, Product line or Intellectual Property of or from any other Person (but in each case excluding in-bound licenses of, and purchases of, over-the-counter and other software that is commercially available to the public and open source licenses in the Ordinary Course of Business) or any assets constituting a business unit, line of business or division of such other Person.
“Additional Titled Agents” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.15.
“Additional Tranche” means an additional amount of Revolving Loan Commitment equal to $10,000,000 (it being acknowledged that up to two Additional Tranches are permitted pursuant to Section 2.1(c) in minimum amounts of $5,000,000 each, up to, in the aggregate, the amount of the Additional Tranche).
“Affected Financial Institution” means (a) any EEA Financial Institution or (b) any UK Financial Institution.
“Affected Lenders” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17(c).
“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, (a) any Person that directly or indirectly controls such Person, (b) any Person which is controlled by or is under common control with such controlling Person, and (c) each of such Person’s (other than, with respect to any Lender, any Lender’s) officers or directors (or Persons functioning in substantially similar roles). As used in this definition, the term “control” of a Person means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to vote twenty percent (20%) or more of any class of voting securities of such Person or to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
“Agent” means MidCap Funding IV Trust , in its capacity as administrative agent for itself and for Lenders hereunder, as such capacity is established in, and subject to the provisions of, Article 11, and the successors and assigns of MidCap Funding IV Trust in such capacity.
“Anti-Terrorism Laws” means any Laws relating to terrorism or money laundering, including, without limitation, Executive Order No. 13224 (effective September 24, 2001), the USA PATRIOT Act, the Laws comprising or implementing the Bank Secrecy Act, and the Laws or general or specific licenses administered by OFAC.
“Applicable Margin” means (a) with respect to Revolving Loans, three and seventy-five hundredths percent (3.75%) and (b) with respect to Term Loans and all other Obligations, five percent (5.00%).
“Approved Fund” means any (a) investment company, fund, trust, securitization vehicle or conduit that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of business, or (b) any Person (other than a natural person) which temporarily warehouses loans for any Lender or any entity described in the preceding clause (a) and that, with respect to each of the preceding clauses (a) and (b), is administered or managed by (i) a Lender, (ii) an Affiliate of a Lender, or (iii) a Person (other than a natural person) or an Affiliate of a Person (other than a natural person) that administers or manages a Lender.
“Asset Disposition” means any sale, lease, license, transfer, assignment or other disposition (including by merger, allocation of assets (including allocation of assets to any series of a limited liability company), division, consolidation or amalgamation, but excluding dispositions resulting from any casualty
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MidCap / CeriBell / Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement
or other damage to, any property or asset) by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof of any asset of such Credit Party or such Subsidiary.
“Assignment Agreement” means an assignment agreement in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit G or such other form that is acceptable to Agent and, as applicable, Borrower Representative.
“Available Tenor” means, as of any date of determination with respect to the then-current Benchmark, (a) if such Benchmark is a term rate, any tenor for such Benchmark (or component thereof) that is or may be used for determining the length of an interest period pursuant to this Agreement or (b) otherwise, any payment period for interest calculated with reference to such Benchmark (or component thereof) that is or may be used for determining any frequency of making payments of interest calculated with reference to such Benchmark pursuant to this Agreement, in each case, as of such date and not including, for the avoidance of doubt, any tenor for such Benchmark that is then-removed from the definition of “Interest Period” or similar term pursuant to Section 2.2(o).
“Bail-In Action” means the exercise of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable Resolution Authority in respect of any liability of an Affected Financial Institution.
“Bail-In Legislation” means (a) with respect to any EEA Member Country implementing Article 55 of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, the implementing law, regulation, rule or requirement for such EEA Member Country from time to time which is described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule and (b) with respect to the United Kingdom, Part I of the United Kingdom Banking Act 2009 (as amended from time to time) and any other law, regulation or rule applicable in the United Kingdom relating to the resolution of unsound or failing banks, investment firms or other financial institutions or their affiliates (other than through liquidation, administration or other insolvency proceedings).
“Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11 of the United States Code entitled “Bankruptcy”, as the same may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and any successor statute thereto.
“Base Rate” means a per annum rate of interest equal to the greater of (a) the Floor and (b) a per annum rate of interest equal to the rate of interest announced, from time to time, within Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”) at its principal office in San Francisco as its “prime rate,” with the understanding that the “prime rate” is one of Wells Fargo’s base rates (not necessarily the lowest of such rates) and serves as the basis upon which effective rates of interest are calculated for those loans making reference thereto and is evidenced by the recording thereof after its announcement in such internal publications as Wells Fargo may designate; provided, however, that Agent may, upon prior written notice to Borrower, choose a reasonably comparable index or source to use as the basis for the Base Rate.
“Base Rate Loan” means a Loan that bears interest at a rate based on the Base Rate.
“Benchmark” means, initially, Term SOFR; provided that if a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred with respect to Term SOFR or the then-current Benchmark, then “Benchmark” means the applicable Benchmark Replacement to the extent that such Benchmark Replacement has replaced such prior benchmark rate pursuant to Section 2.2(o).
“Benchmark Replacement” means, with respect to any Benchmark Transition Event, the sum of: (a) the alternate benchmark rate that has been selected by Agent (in consultation with Borrower Representative) giving due consideration to (i) any selection or recommendation of a replacement benchmark rate or the mechanism for determining such a rate by the Relevant Governmental Body or (ii)
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any evolving or then-prevailing market convention for determining a benchmark rate as a replacement to the then-current Benchmark for Dollar-denominated syndicated credit facilities at such time and (b) the related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment; provided that, if such Benchmark Replacement as so determined would be less than the Floor, such Benchmark Replacement will be deemed to be the Floor for the purposes of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents.
“Benchmark Replacement Adjustment” means, with respect to any replacement of the then-current Benchmark with an Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement for any applicable Available Tenor, the spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) that has been selected by Agent giving due consideration to any selection or recommendation by the Relevant Governmental Body, or any evolving or then-prevailing market convention at such time, for determining a spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment, for such type of replacement for U.S. dollar-denominated syndicated credit facilities at such time.
“Benchmark Replacement Date” means the earlier to occur of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark: (a) in the case of clause (a) or (b) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event”, the later of (i) the date of the public statement or publication of information referenced therein and (ii) the date on which the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) permanently or indefinitely ceases to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); or (b) in the case of clause (c) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event”, the first date on which such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) has been determined and announced by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) to be no longer representative; provided, that such non-representativeness will be determined by reference to the most recent statement or publication referenced in such clause (c) even if any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) continues to be provided on such date. For the avoidance of doubt, the “Benchmark Replacement Date” will be deemed to have occurred in the case of clause (a) or (b) with respect to any Benchmark upon the occurrence of the applicable event or events set forth therein with respect to all then-current Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof).
“Benchmark Transition Event” means the occurrence of one or more of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark: (a) a public statement or publication of information by or on behalf of the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) announcing that such administrator has ceased or will cease to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof), permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); (b) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof), the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, an insolvency official or resolution authority with jurisdiction over the administrator for such Benchmark (or such component), or a court or an entity with similar insolvency or resolution authority, which states that the administrator of such Benchmark (or such component) has ceased or will cease to provide all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide any Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or such component thereof); or (c) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof) announcing that all Available Tenors of such Benchmark (or such component thereof) are no longer, or as of a specified future date will no longer be, representative. For the avoidance of doubt, a “Benchmark Transition Event” will be deemed to have occurred with respect to any Benchmark if a public statement or publication of information set forth above has occurred with
4
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respect to each then-current Available Tenor of such Benchmark (or the published component used in the calculation thereof).
“Benchmark Transition Start Date” means, in the case of a Benchmark Transition Event, the earlier of (a) the applicable Benchmark Replacement Date and (b) if such Benchmark Transition Event is a public statement or publication of information of a prospective event, the 90th day prior to the expected date of such event as of such public statement or publication of information (or if the expected date of such prospective event is fewer than 90 days after such statement or publication, the date of such statement or publication).
“Benchmark Unavailability Period” means the period (if any) (a) beginning at the time that a Benchmark Replacement Date pursuant to clauses (a) or (b) of that definition has occurred if, at such time, no Benchmark Replacement has replaced the then-current Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Financing Document in accordance with Section 2.2(o) and (b) ending at the time that a Benchmark Replacement has replaced the then-current Benchmark for all purposes hereunder and under any Financing Document in accordance with Section 2.2(o).
“Blocked Person” means any Person: (a) listed in the annex to, or is otherwise subject to the provisions of, Executive Order No. 13224, (b) owned or controlled by, or acting for or on behalf of, any Person that is listed in the annex to, or is otherwise subject to the provisions of, Executive Order No. 13224, (c) with which any Lender is prohibited from dealing or otherwise engaging in any transaction by any Anti-Terrorism Law, (d) that commits, threatens or conspires to commit or supports “terrorism” as defined in Executive Order No. 13224, (e) that is named a “specially designated national” or “blocked person” on the most current list published by OFAC or other similar sanctions list or is named as a “listed person” or “listed entity” on other lists made under any Anti-Terrorism Law, or (f) any Person resident in, organized under the laws of or incorporated in a Sanctioned Country.
“Borrower” and “Borrowers” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph hereto.
“Borrower Representative” means CeriBell, in its capacity as Borrower Representative pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.9, or any successor Borrower Representative selected by Borrowers and approved by Agent.
“Borrowing Base” means, the sum of:
(a) the product of (i) eighty-five percent (85%) multiplied by (ii) the aggregate net amount at such time of the Eligible Accounts; plus
(b) the product of forty percent (40%) multiplied by the value of Eligible Inventory, valued in accordance with GAAP, and after factoring in all rebates, discounts and other incentives or rewards associated with the purchase of the applicable Inventory; minus
(c) the amount of any reserves and/or other adjustments provided for in this Agreement;
provided, that the Borrowing Base shall automatically be adjusted down, if necessary, such that the aggregate availability from Eligible Inventory in the Borrowing Base shall never exceed an amount equal to twenty five percent (25%) of the Revolving Loan Limit, as of any date of determination.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, on the Closing Date through the Deemed Borrowing Base Termination Date, if, as of any applicable date of determination, the Borrowing Base is less than $20,000,000, Agent
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shall adjust the Borrowing Base such that it is equal to $20,000,000 (the “Deemed Borrowing Base”); and, prior to the Deemed Borrowing Base Termination Date, Agent shall not impose or increase any reserve, change any eligibility criteria, or otherwise take any action (other than upon the Termination Date or pursuant to Section 10.2) that would reduce the Deemed Borrowing Base or maximum amount available to be borrowed under the Revolving Loans below the Deemed Borrowing Base; provided that on and after the Deemed Borrowing Base Termination Date, the Borrowing Base shall equal the amount determined by the Administrative Agent based on the most recent Borrowing Base Certificate delivered to Agent in accordance with this Agreement (absent manifest error) and such other information as may be available to Agent.
“Borrowing Base Certificate” means a certificate, duly executed by a Responsible Officer of Borrower Representative, appropriately completed and substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto.
“Business Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which either the New York Stock Exchange is closed, or on which commercial banks in Washington, DC and New York City are authorized by Law to close; provided, however, that when used in the context of a SOFR Loan, the term “Business Day” shall also exclude any day that is not also a SOFR Business Day.
“Capital Lease” of any Person means any lease of any property by such Person as lessee which would, in accordance with GAAP, be required to be accounted for as a capital lease or finance lease on the balance sheet of such Person.
“Cash Dominion Event” means, either (a) the occurrence of any Event of Default, or (b) Liquidity is less than $50,000,000 as of the end of any Business Day.
“Cash Dominion Period” means each period beginning immediately upon the occurrence of a Cash Dominion Event and ending on the date that both (a) no Event of Default exists and is continuing and (b) Agent has received evidence reasonably satisfactory to it that Liquidity has been greater than or equal to $50,000,000 on each day for a period of thirty (30) consecutive days following the occurrence of the applicable Cash Dominion Event.
“Cash Equivalents” means, as of any date of determination, any of the following: (a) marketable securities (i) issued or directly and unconditionally guaranteed as to interest and principal by the United States government, or (ii) issued by any agency of the United States the obligations of which are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, in each case maturing within two (2) years after such date; (b) marketable direct obligations issued by any state of the United States or any political subdivision of any such state or any public instrumentality thereof, in each case maturing within two (2) years after such date and having, at the time of the acquisition thereof, a rating of at least A-1 from S&P or at least P-1 from Moody’s; (c) commercial paper maturing no more than one (1) year from the date of creation thereof and having, at the time of the acquisition thereof, a rating of at least A-1 from S&P or at least P-1 from Moody’s, or carrying an equivalent rating by a nationally recognized rating agency, if both of the two named rating agencies cease publishing ratings of commercial paper issuers generally; (d) certificates of deposit or bankers’ acceptances maturing within one (1) year after such date and issued or accepted by any Lender or by any commercial bank organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia that (i) is at least “adequately capitalized” (as defined in the regulations of its primary federal banking regulator), and (ii) has Tier 1 capital (as defined in such regulations) of not less than $100,000,000; (e) shares of any money market mutual fund that (i) has substantially all of its assets invested continuously in the types of investments referred to in clauses (a) and (b) above, (ii) has net assets of not less than $500,000,000, and (iii) has the highest rating obtainable from either S&P or Moody’s and (f) Investments in accordance with the Borrower’s Investment Policy.
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“CERCLA” means the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C.A. § 9601 et seq., as the same may be amended from time to time.
“Change in Control” means any of the following events or series of events: (a) any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except that a person or group shall be deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of all securities that such person or group has the right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time (such right, an “option right”)), directly or indirectly, of fifty percent (50%) or more of the combined voting power of all voting stock of CeriBell on a fully-diluted basis (and taking into account all such securities that such person or group has the right to acquire pursuant to any option right); (b) during any period of twelve (12) consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors or other equivalent governing body of CeriBell cease to be composed of individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body or (iii) whose election or nomination to that board or other equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body; (c) any Credit Party ceases to own, directly or indirectly, 100% of the capital stock of any of its Subsidiaries (with the exception of any Subsidiaries permitted to be dissolved, merged or otherwise disposed of to the extent otherwise permitted by this Agreement); or (d) the occurrence of a “Change of Control”, “Fundamental Change”, “Change in Control”, “Deemed Liquidation Event” or terms of similar import under any document or instrument governing or relating to Debt of or Equity Interests of such Person. As used herein, “beneficial ownership” shall have the meaning provided in Rule 13d-3 of the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
“Closing Date” means the date of this Agreement.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, any successor statutes thereto, and applicable U.S. Department of Treasury regulations issued pursuant thereto in temporary or final form.
“Collateral” means all property, other than Excluded Property, now existing or hereafter acquired, mortgaged or pledged to, or purported to be subjected to a Lien in favor of, Agent, for the benefit of Agent and Lenders, pursuant to this Agreement and the Security Documents, including, without limitation, all of the property described in Schedule 9.1 hereto and the Pledged Collateral (including, without limitation. All of the property described on Schedule 9.1(A) hereto).
“Commitment Annex” means Annex A to this Agreement.
“Competitor” means, at any time of determination, any Person directly engaged in the same or substantially the same line of business as Borrower and the other Credit Parties.
“Compliance Certificate” means a certificate, duly executed by a Responsible Officer of Borrower Representative, appropriately completed and substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto.
“Conforming Changes” means, with respect to either the use or administration of Term SOFR or the use, administration, adoption or implementation of any Benchmark Replacement, any technical, administrative or operational changes (including (a) changes to the definition of “Base Rate”, “Business Day”, “Interest Period”, “Reference Time” or other definitions, (b) the addition of concepts such as “interest period”, (c) changes to timing and/or frequency of determining rates, making interest payments, giving
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borrowing requests, prepayment, conversion or continuation notices, or length of lookback periods, (d) the applicability of Section 2.8 (Taxes; Capital Adequacy; Increased Costs; Inability to Determine Rates; Illegality) and (e) other technical, administrative or operational matters) that Agent decides may be appropriate to reflect the adoption and implementation of Term SOFR or such Benchmark Replacement and to permit the administration thereof by Agent in a manner substantially consistent with market practice (or, if Agent decides that adoption of any portion of such market practice is not administratively feasible or determines that no such market practice exists, in such other manner as Agent decides is reasonably necessary in connection with the administration of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents).
“Consolidated Subsidiary” means, at any date, any Subsidiary the accounts of which would be consolidated with those of CeriBell (or any other Person, as the context may require hereunder) in its consolidated financial statements if such statements were prepared as of such date.
“Contingent Obligation” means, with respect to any Person, any direct or indirect liability of such Person: (a) with respect to any Debt of another Person (a “Third Party Obligation”) if the purpose or intent of such Person incurring such liability, or the effect thereof, is to provide assurance to the obligee of such Third Party Obligation that such Third Party Obligation will be paid or discharged, or that any agreement relating thereto will be complied with, or that any holder of such Third Party Obligation will be protected, in whole or in part, against loss with respect thereto; (b) with respect to any undrawn portion of any letter of credit issued for the account of such Person or as to which such Person is otherwise liable for the reimbursement of any drawing; (c) under any Swap Contract, to the extent not yet due and payable; (d) to make take-or-pay or similar payments if required regardless of nonperformance by any other party or parties to an agreement; or (e) for any obligations of another Person pursuant to any Guarantee or pursuant to any agreement to purchase, repurchase or otherwise acquire any obligation or any property constituting security therefor, to provide funds for the payment or discharge of such obligation or to preserve the solvency, financial condition or level of income of another Person. The amount of any Contingent Obligation shall be equal to the amount of the obligation so Guaranteed or otherwise supported or, if not a fixed and determinable amount, the maximum amount so Guaranteed or otherwise supported.
“Controlled Group” means all members of a group of corporations and all members of a group of trades or businesses (whether or not incorporated) under common control which, together with the Credit Parties, are treated as a single employer under Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code or Section 4001(b) of ERISA and, solely for purposes of Section 412 and 436 of the Code, Section 414(m) or (o) of the Code.
“Correction” means repair, modification, adjustment, relabeling, destruction or inspection (including patient monitoring) of a Product without its physical removal to some other location.
“Credit Card Cash Collateral Account” means, collectively, each segregated Deposit Account from time to time identified to Agent in writing established by Borrower for the sole purpose of securing Borrower’s obligations under clause (k) of the definition Permitted Debt and containing only such cash or Cash Equivalents that have been required to be pledged to secure such obligations of Borrower; provided, that the aggregate amount of cash or Cash Equivalents deposited in all such Credit Card Cash Collateral Account(s) does not, at any time, exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate.
“Credit Party” means each Borrower and each Guarantor; and “Credit Parties” means all such Persons, collectively.
“Credit Party Unrestricted Cash” means unrestricted cash and Cash Equivalents of the Credit Parties that (a) are held in the name of a Credit Party in a Deposit Account or Securities Account located in the United States that is subject to a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement, as applicable, in favor of Agent at bank or financial institution located in the United States and
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are otherwise subject to Agent’s first priority perfected security interest, (b) is not subject to any other Lien (other than Permitted Liens), and (c) are not funds for the payment of a drawn or committed but unpaid draft, ACH or EFT transaction.
“Debt” of a Person means at any date, without duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money, (b) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments, (c) all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services, except trade accounts payable arising and paid on a timely basis and in the Ordinary Course of Business (unless subject to a Permitted Contest and reserved for in accordance with GAAP), (d) all Capital Leases of such Person, (e) all non-contingent obligations of such Person to reimburse any bank or other Person in respect of amounts paid under a letter of credit, banker’s acceptance or similar instrument, (f) all Disqualified Equity Interests, (g) all obligations secured by a Lien on any asset of such Person, whether or not such obligation is otherwise an obligation of such Person, (h) ”earnouts”, purchase price adjustments, profit sharing arrangements, deferred purchase money amounts and similar payment obligations or continuing obligations of any nature of such Person arising out of purchase and sale contracts, (i) all Debt of others Guaranteed by such Person, (j) all monetary obligations under any synthetic lease, tax ownership/operating lease, off-balance sheet financing or similar financing, and (k) obligations in respect of litigation settlement agreements or similar arrangements. Without duplication of any of the foregoing, Debt of Credit Parties shall include any and all Loans.
“Deemed Borrowing Base” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “Borrowing Base”.
“Deemed Borrowing Base Termination Date” means the earlier to occur of (a) the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default and (b) December 31, 2027.
“Default” means any condition or event which with the giving of notice or lapse of time or both would, unless cured or waived, become an Event of Default.
“Defaulted Lender” means, (i) so long as such failure shall remain in existence and uncured, any Lender which shall have failed to make any Loan or other credit accommodation, disbursement, settlement or reimbursement required pursuant to the terms of any Financing Document, (ii) any Lender that has notified the Credit Parties or Agent in writing that it does not intend to comply with its funding obligations hereunder, or has made a public statement to that effect (unless such writing or public statement relates to such Lender’s obligation to fund a Loan hereunder and states that such position is based on such Lender's determination that a condition precedent to funding (which condition precedent, together with any applicable Default or Event of Default, shall be specifically identified in such writing or public statement) cannot be satisfied), or (iii) any Lender that has, or has a direct or indirect parent company that has, (a) become the subject of any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or any other insolvency, debtor relief or debt adjustment or similar law (whether state, provincial, territorial, federal or foreign), or (b) had appointed for it a receiver, custodian, conservator, trustee, administrator, assignee for the benefit of creditors or similar Person charged with reorganization or liquidation of its business or assets, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other state or federal regulatory authority acting in such a capacity; provided, that a Lender shall not be a Defaulted Lender solely by virtue of the ownership or acquisition of any equity interest in that Lender or any direct or indirect parent company thereof by a Governmental Authority so long as such ownership interest does not result in or provide such Lender with immunity from the jurisdiction of courts within the United States or from the enforcement of judgments or writs of attachment on its assets or permit such Lender (or such Governmental Authority) to reject, repudiate, disavow or disaffirm any contracts or agreements made with such Lender. Any determination by Agent that a Lender is a Defaulted Lender under any one or more of clauses (i) through (iii) above shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error, and such Lender shall be deemed to be a Defaulted Lender upon delivery of written notice of such determination to Agent and each Lender.
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“Defined Period” means for any given fiscal quarter or date of determination, the immediately preceding twelve (12) month period ending on the last day of such fiscal quarter or if such date of determination is not the last day of a fiscal quarter, the twelve (12) month period immediately preceding any such date of determination.
“Deposit Account” means a “deposit account” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC), an investment account, or other account in which funds are held or invested for credit to or for the benefit of any Credit Party.
“Deposit Account Control Agreement” means an agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent, among Agent, any Credit Party and each financial institution in which such Credit Party maintains a Deposit Account (which is not an Excluded Account), which agreement provides that such financial institution shall comply with instructions originated by Agent directing disposition of the funds in such Deposit Account without further consent by the applicable Credit Party, including as to any such agreement pertaining to any Lockbox Account, providing that such financial institution shall during any Cash Dominion Period, at the direction of Agent, wire, or otherwise transfer, in immediately available funds, on a daily basis to the Revolving Loan Payment Account all funds received or deposited into such Lockbox or Lockbox Account.
“Disqualified Equity Interests” means, with respect to any Person, any Equity Interest in such Person that, within less than 91 days after the Termination Date, either by its terms (or by the terms of any security or any other Equity Interests into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable) or upon the happening of any event or condition, (a) matures or is mandatorily redeemable (other than solely for Permitted Debt or other Equity Interests in such Person or of CeriBell that do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests and cash in lieu of fractional shares of such Equity Interests), pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, (b) is redeemable at the option of the holder thereof, in whole or in part (other than solely for Permitted Debt or other Equity Interests in such Person or of CeriBell that do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests and cash in lieu of fractional shares of such Equity Interests), (c) provides for the scheduled payments of dividends or distributions in cash, or (d) is or becomes convertible into or exchangeable for Debt (other than Permitted Debt) or any other Equity Interest that would constitute Disqualified Equity Interests.
“Distribution” means as to any Person (a) any dividend or other distribution or payment (whether in cash, securities or other property) on, or in respect of, any Equity Interest in such Person (except those payable solely in its Equity Interests other than Disqualified Equity Interests), (b) any payment by such Person on account of (i) the purchase, redemption, retirement, defeasance, surrender, cancellation, termination or acquisition of any Equity Interests in such Person or any claim respecting the purchase or sale of any Equity Interest in such Person, or (ii) any option, warrant or other right to acquire any Equity Interests in such Person, (c) any management fees, salaries or other fees or compensation to any Person holding an Equity Interest in a Credit Party or a Subsidiary of a Credit Party (other than reasonable and customary (i) payments of salaries to individuals, (ii) directors fees, and (iii) advances and reimbursements to employees or directors, all in the Ordinary Course of Business), an Affiliate of a Credit Party or an Affiliate of any Subsidiary of a Credit Party, (d) any lease or rental payments to an Affiliate or Subsidiary of a Credit Party, or (e) repayments of or debt service on loans or other indebtedness (other than conversion to Equity Interests other than Disqualified Equity Interests) held by an Affiliate of any Credit Party unless permitted under and made pursuant to a Subordination Agreement applicable to such loans or other indebtedness.
“Dollars” or “$” means the lawful currency of the United States of America.
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“Domestic Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary incorporated, organized or otherwise formed under the Laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia
“EEA Financial Institution” means (a) any credit institution or investment firm established in any EEA Member Country which is subject to the supervision of an EEA Resolution Authority, (b) any entity established in an EEA Member Country which is a parent of an institution described in clause (a) of this definition, or (c) any financial institution established in an EEA Member Country which is a subsidiary of an institution described in clauses (a) or (b) of this definition and is subject to consolidated supervision with its parent.
“EEA Member Country” means any of the member states of the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway.
“EEA Resolution Authority” means any public administrative authority or any person entrusted with public administrative authority of any EEA Member Country (including any delegee) having responsibility for the resolution of any EEA Financial Institution.
“Eligible Account” means, subject to the criteria below, an account receivable of a Borrower, which was generated in the Ordinary Course of Business and originally in the name of a Borrower and not acquired via assignment or otherwise, and which Agent, in its Permitted Discretion, deems to be an Eligible Account. The net amount of an Eligible Account at any time shall be (a) the face amount of such Eligible Account as originally billed minus all cash collections and other proceeds of such Account received from or on behalf of the Account Debtor thereunder as of such date and any and all returns, rebates, discounts (which may, at Agent’s option, be calculated on shortest terms), credits, allowances or excise taxes of any nature at any time issued, owing, claimed by Account Debtors, granted, outstanding or payable in connection with such Accounts at such time, and (b) adjusted by applying percentages (known as “liquidity factors”) by payor and/or payor class based upon the applicable Borrower’s actual recent collection history for each such payor and/or payor class in a manner consistent with Agent’s underwriting practices and procedures. Such liquidity factors may be adjusted by Agent from time to time as warranted by Agent’s underwriting practices and procedures and using Agent’s Permitted Discretion. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, no Account shall be an Eligible Account if:
(a) the Account remains unpaid more than one hundred twenty (120) days past the claim or invoice date (but in no event more than one hundred fifty (150) days after the applicable goods or services have been rendered or delivered);
(b) the Account is subject to any defense, set-off, recoupment, counterclaim, deduction, discount, credit, chargeback, freight claim, allowance, or adjustment of any kind (but only to the extent of such defense, set-off, recoupment, counterclaim, deduction, discount, credit, chargeback, freight claim, allowance, or adjustment), or the applicable Borrower is not able to bring suit or otherwise enforce its remedies against the Account Debtor through judicial process;
(c) if the Account arises from the sale of goods, any part of any goods the sale of which has given rise to the Account has been returned, rejected, lost, or damaged (but only to the extent that such goods have been so returned, rejected, lost or damaged);
(d) if the Account arises from the sale of goods, the sale was not an absolute, bona fide sale, or the sale was made on consignment or on approval or on a sale-or-return or bill-and-hold or progress billing basis, or the sale was made subject to any other repurchase or return agreement, or the goods have not been shipped to the Account Debtor or its designee or the sale was not made in compliance with applicable Laws;
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(e) if the Account arises from the performance of services, the services have not actually been performed or the services were undertaken in violation of any Law or the Account represents a progress billing for which services have not been fully and completely rendered;
(f) the Account is subject to a Lien (other than Liens in favor of Agent or Permitted Liens that have been expressly subordinated to the Liens of Agent or that arise solely by operation of law), or Agent does not have a first priority, perfected Lien on such Account;
(g) the Account is evidenced by Chattel Paper or an Instrument of any kind, or has been reduced to judgment, unless such Chattel Paper or Instrument has been delivered to Agent;
(h) the Account Debtor is an Affiliate or Subsidiary of a Credit Party, or if the Account Debtor holds any Debt of a Credit Party;
(i) more than fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate balance of all Accounts owing from the Account Debtor obligated on the Account are ineligible under subclause (a) above (in which case all Accounts from such Account Debtor shall be ineligible);
(j) without limiting the provisions of clause (i) above, fifty percent (50%) or more of the aggregate unpaid Accounts from the Account Debtor obligated on the Account are not deemed Eligible Accounts under this Agreement for any reason;
(k) the total unpaid Accounts of the Account Debtor obligated on the Account exceed twenty percent (20%) of the net amount of all Eligible Accounts owing from all Account Debtors (but only the amount of the Accounts of such Account Debtor exceeding such twenty percent (20%) limitation shall be considered ineligible);
(l) any covenant, representation or warranty contained in the Financing Documents with respect to such Account has been breached in any material respect (with respect to covenants) or is incorrect in any material respect (with respect to representations and warranties);
(m) the Account is unbilled or has not been invoiced to the Account Debtor in accordance with the procedures and requirements of the applicable Account Debtor;
(n) the Account is an obligation of an Account Debtor that is the federal, state or local government or any political subdivision thereof, unless Borrower has duly assigned its payment rights with respect to such Account to Agent and Agent has received from the Account Debtor the acknowledgement of Agent’s notice of assignment of such obligation pursuant to this Agreement under the Federal Assignment of Claims Act of 1940 (or such other applicable state, country or municipal law) and Borrowers have otherwise complied with applicable statutes (including, without limitation, the Federal Assignment of Claims Act of 1940 and any other comparable Law) and ordinances necessary for Agent or Lenders to enforce their rights and collect amounts due in respect of such Account;
(o) the Account is an obligation of an Account Debtor that has suspended business, made a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, is unable to pay its debts as they become due or as to which a petition has been filed (voluntary or involuntary) under any law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, or the Account is an Account as to which any facts, events or occurrences exist which could reasonably be expected to impair the validity, enforceability or collectability of such Account or reduce the amount payable or delay payment thereunder;
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(p) the Account Debtor has its principal place of business or executive office outside the United States;
(q) the Account is payable in a currency other than United States dollars;
(r) the Account Debtor is an individual;
(s) the Borrower owning such Account has not signed and delivered to Agent notices, to the extent requested by Agent, directing the Account Debtors to make payment to the applicable Lockbox Account;
(t) the Account includes late charges or finance charges (but only such portion of the Account shall be ineligible); or
(u) the Account arises out of the sale of any Inventory upon which any other Person holds, claims or asserts a Lien (other than Permitted Liens arising solely by operation of law, Liens in favor of Agent or Liens that have been expressly subordinated to the Liens of Agent).
“Eligible Assignee” means (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender, (c) an Approved Fund, and (d) any other Person (other than a natural person) approved by Agent; provided, however, that notwithstanding the foregoing, (x) so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, (i) “Eligible Assignee” shall not include (A) any Credit Party or any of a Credit Party’s Subsidiaries, (B) any Competitor, or (C) any hedge fund or private equity fund (other than any Affiliate of a Lender) that is generally known primarily as a distressed debt or vulture fund, and (y) no proposed assignee intending to assume all or any portion of the Revolving Loan Commitment or any unfunded portion of the Term Loan Commitments shall be an Eligible Assignee unless such proposed assignee either already holds a portion of such Revolving Loan Commitment or Term Loan Commitments, or has been approved as an Eligible Assignee by Agent.
“Eligible Inventory” means Inventory owned by a Borrower and acquired, manufactured, held for sale, or otherwise used by such Borrower in the Ordinary Course of Business to the extent not ineligible pursuant to the below criteria. For the avoidance of doubt, completely assembled headbands held by Borrower pending final quality inspection and/or labeling and packaging (notwithstanding whether such items may be classified as raw materials or work-in-process on Borrower’s books and records) and other raw materials and work-in-process Inventory shall be included as Eligible Inventory to the extent complying with the criteria set forth below in this definition,; provided that notwithstanding the foregoing, recorders located at customer sites shall not constitute Eligible Inventory.
No Inventory shall be Eligible Inventory if:
(a) such Inventory is not owned by a Borrower free and clear of all Liens and rights of any other Person (including the rights of a purchaser that has made progress payments and the rights of a surety that has issued a bond to assure such Borrower’s performance with respect to that Inventory) except for Permitted Liens arising solely by operation of law, Liens in favor of Agent or Liens that have been expressly subordinated to the Liens of Agent;
(b) such Inventory is placed on consignment or is in transit;
(c) such Inventory is covered by a negotiable document of title, unless such document has been delivered to Agent with all necessary endorsements, free and clear of all Liens except for Permitted Liens arising solely by operation of law and those in favor of Agent;
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(d) such Inventory is excess, obsolete, unsalable, shopworn, seconds, damaged, unfit for sale, unfit for further processing, is of substandard quality or is not of good and merchantable quality, free from any defects;
(e) such Inventory consists of marketing materials, display items or packing or shipping materials, or manufacturing supplies;
(f) such Inventory is not subject to a first priority Lien in favor of Agent;
(g) such Inventory consists of goods that can be transported or sold only with licenses that are not readily available, obtained or assigned to Agent or of Hazardous Materials in concentrations or amounts that violate applicable Environmental Law;
(h) such Inventory is not covered by casualty insurance acceptable to Agent;
(i) any covenant, representation or warranty contained in the Financing Documents with respect to such Inventory has been breached in any material respect;
(j) such Inventory is located (i) outside of the continental United States or (ii) on premises where the aggregate amount of all Inventory (valued at cost) of Borrowers located thereon is less than $10,000;
(k) such Inventory is located on premises with respect to which Agent has not received a landlord, warehouseman, bailee or mortgagee letter acceptable in form and substance to Agent;
(l) such Inventory consists of (A) discontinued items, (B) slow-moving or excess items held in inventory, or (C) used items held for resale;
(m) such Inventory does not meet all standards imposed by any Governmental Authority, including with respect to its production, acquisition or importation (as the case may be);
(n) such Inventory has an expiration date within the next three (3) months;
(o) such Inventory consists of products for which Borrowers have a greater than twelve (12) month supply on hand;
(p) such Inventory is held for rental or lease by or on behalf of Borrowers; or
(q) such Inventory is subject to any licensing, patent, royalty, trademark, trade name or copyright agreement with any third parties, which agreement restricts the ability of Agent or any Lender to sell or otherwise dispose of such Inventory.
Agent and Borrowers agree that Inventory shall be subject to periodic appraisal by Agent in accordance with Section 4.14(c) and that valuation of Inventory shall be subject to adjustment pursuant to the results of such appraisal in Agent’s Permitted Discretion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the valuation of Inventory shall be subject to any legal limitations on sale and transfer of such Inventory.
“Environmental Laws” means any present and future federal, state and local laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, regulations, standards, policies and other governmental directives or requirements, as well as common law, pertaining to the environment, natural resources, pollution, health (including any environmental clean-up statutes and all regulations adopted by any local, state, federal or other
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Governmental Authority, and any statute, ordinance, code, order, decree, law rule or regulation all of which pertain to or impose liability or standards of conduct concerning medical waste or medical products, equipment or supplies), safety or clean-up that apply to any Credit Party and relate to Hazardous Materials, including, without limitation, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. § 9601 et seq.), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. § 6901 et seq.), the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seq.), the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. § 5101 et seq.), the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7401 et seq.), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. § 136 et seq.), the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. § 11001 et seq.), the Occupational Safety and Health Act (29 U.S.C. § 651 et seq.), the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act (42 U.S.C. § 4851 et seq.), any analogous state or local laws, any amendments thereto, and the regulations promulgated pursuant to said laws, together with all amendments from time to time to any of the foregoing and judicial interpretations thereof.
“Equipment” means “equipment” as defined in Article 9 of the UCC.
“Equity Interests” means, with respect to any Person, all shares of capital stock, partnership interests, membership interests in a limited liability company or other ownership in participation or equivalent interests (however designated, whether voting or non-voting) of such Person’s equity capital (including any warrants, options or other purchase rights with respect to the foregoing), whether now outstanding or issued after the Closing Date.
“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as the same may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and any successor statute thereto, and any and all rules or regulations promulgated from time to time thereunder.
“ERISA Plan” means any “employee benefit plan”, as such term is defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA (other than a Multiemployer Plan), which any Credit Party or any Subsidiary maintains, sponsors or contributes to, or, in the case of an employee benefit plan which is subject to Section 412 of the Code or Title IV of ERISA, to which any Credit Party or any Subsidiary has any liability, including on account of any member of the Controlled Group, including any liability by reason of having been a substantial employer within the meaning of Section 4063 of ERISA at any time during the preceding five (5) years, or by reason of being deemed to be a contributing sponsor under Section 4069 of ERISA.
“Erroneous Payment” has the meaning specified therefor in Section 13.20.
“Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment” has the meaning specified therefor in Section 13.20.
“Erroneous Payment Impacted Loans” has the meaning specified therefor in Section 13.20.
“Erroneous Payment Return Deficiency” has the meaning specified therefor in Section 13.20.
“EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule” means the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule published by the Loan Market Association (or any successor person), as in effect from time to time.
“Event of Default” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1.
“Excluded Accounts” means (a) segregated Deposit Accounts into which there are deposited no funds other than those intended solely to cover wages and payroll for employees of a Credit Party for a period of service no longer than two weeks at any time (and related contributions to be made on behalf of
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such employees to health and benefit plans) plus balances for outstanding checks for wages and payroll from prior periods, (b) segregated Deposit Accounts constituting employee withholding accounts and containing only funds deducted from pay otherwise due to employees for services rendered to be applied toward the tax obligations of such employees, (c) segregated Deposit Accounts constituting trust, fiduciary and escrow accounts in which there is not maintained at any point in time funds on deposit greater than $1,000,000 (one million) in the aggregate for all such accounts, (d) segregated Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts holding cash or Cash Equivalents described in clauses (o), (p) and (q) of the definition Permitted Liens (and subject to the cap set forth therein), (e) segregated Deposit Accounts held in asset management or Deposit Accounts containing only funds designated for employees for year-end 401(k) match true-up contributions until such contributions are paid, and (f) segregated Deposit Accounts containing only funds held for refunds to employees who over-contribute to the employee stock purchase plan; provided that the accounts described in clauses (a) through (f) above shall be used solely for the purposes described in such clauses.
“Excluded Perfection Assets” means, collectively:
(a) Excluded Accounts;
(b) letter of credit rights with a value of less than $1,000,000 in the aggregate (other than to the extent consisting of a supporting obligation or that can be perfected by the filing of a UCC financing statement);
(c) commercial tort claims where the amount of damages claimed by the applicable Credit Party is less than $1,000,000 in the aggregate for all such commercial tort claims;
(d) Electronic Chattel Paper or tangible Chattel Paper, in each case, with a value of less than $1,000,000 in the aggregate (other than to the extent consisting of a supporting obligation or that can be perfected by the filing of a UCC financing statement); and
(e) motor vehicles, aircraft and other assets subject to certificates of title with an aggregate net book value (as reasonably determined by the Borrowers) of less than $1,000,000 in the aggregate (other than to the extent a security interest thereon can be perfected by the filing of a financing statement under the UCC).
“Excluded Property” means, collectively:
(a) any lease, license, contract, permit, letter of credit, purchase money arrangement, instrument or agreement to which any Credit Party is a party or any of its rights or interests thereunder if and to the extent that the grant of such security interest shall constitute a result in (i) the abandonment, invalidation or unenforceability of any right, title or interest of any Credit Party therein or (ii) result in a breach or termination pursuant to the terms of, or default under, any such lease, license, contract, permit, letter of credit, purchase money arrangement, instrument or agreement;
(b) any governmental licenses or state or local franchises, charters and authorizations, to the extent that Agent may not validly possess a security interest in any such license, franchise, charter or authorization under applicable Law;
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(c) any asset which is subject to a purchase money Lien or Capital Lease permitted hereunder to the extent the granting of a security interest in such asset is prohibited pursuant to the terms of the contract governing such purchase money Lien or Capital Lease;
(d) more than 65% of the voting Equity Interest of any Foreign Subsidiary that is not a Credit Party, to the extent that a pledge of such Equity Interests would result in a material adverse tax consequence to the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries taken as a whole; and
(e) any “intent-to-use” trademarks or service mark applications for which an amendment to allege use or statement of use has not been filed under 15 U.S.C. § 1051 Section 1(c) or Section 1(d), respectively or if filed, has not been deemed in conformance with 15 U.S.C. § 1051(a) or examined and accepted, respectively by the United States Patent and Trademark Office;
provided that (x) any such limitation described in the foregoing clauses (a) and (b) on the security interests granted hereunder shall apply only to the extent that any such prohibition could not be rendered ineffective pursuant to the UCC or any other applicable Law (including Sections 9-406, 9-407 and 9-408 of the UCC) or principles of equity, (y) in the event of the termination or elimination of any such prohibition or the requirement for any consent contained in such contract, agreement, permit, lease or license or in any applicable Law, to the extent sufficient to permit any such item to become Collateral hereunder, or upon the granting of any such consent, or waiving or terminating any requirement for such consent, a security interest in such contract, agreement, permit, lease, license, franchise, authorization or asset shall be automatically and simultaneously granted hereunder and shall be included as Collateral hereunder, and (z) all rights to payment of money due or to become due pursuant to, and all products and Proceeds (and rights to the Proceeds) from the sale of, any Excluded Property shall be and at all times remain subject to the security interests created by this Agreement (unless such Proceeds would independently constitute Excluded Property).
“Excluded Taxes” means any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to Agent, Term Loan Servicer, any Lender or any other recipient of any payment to be made by or on behalf of any obligation of the Credit Parties hereunder or the Obligations or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to Agent, Term Loan Servicer, such Lender or such recipient (including any interest and penalties thereon): (a) Taxes to the extent imposed on or measured by Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s any Lender’s or such recipient’s net income (however denominated), branch profits Taxes, and franchise Taxes and similar Taxes, in each case, (i) imposed by the jurisdiction (or any political subdivision thereof) under which Agent, Term Loan Servicer, such Lender or such recipient is organized, has its principal office or conducts business with respect to entering into any of the Financing Documents or taking any action thereunder or (ii) that are Other Connection Taxes; (b) in the case of a Lender, United States withholding Taxes imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in the Loans pursuant to a Law in effect on the date on which (i) such Lender becomes a party to this Agreement other than as a result of an assignment requested by a Credit Party under Section 2.8(i) or Section 11.17(c) or (ii) such Lender changes its lending office for funding its Loan, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 2.8, amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lender’s assignor immediately before such Lender acquired the applicable interest in a Loan, Revolving Loan Commitments or Term Loan Commitment or to such Lender immediately before it changed its lending office; (c) Taxes attributable to Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s, such Lender’s or such recipient’s failure to comply with Section 2.8(c); and (d) any U.S. federal withholding taxes imposed in respect of a Lender under FATCA.
“FATCA” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code as of the date of this Agreement (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with), any current or future U.S. Treasury regulations or official interpretations thereof and any agreement
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entered into pursuant to the implementation of Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code, and any intergovernmental agreement between the United States Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Government and any governmental or taxation authority under any other jurisdiction which agreement’s principal purposes deals with the implementation of such sections of the Code.
“FDA” means the Food and Drug Administration of the United States of America, any comparable state or local Governmental Authority, any comparable Governmental Authority in any non-United States jurisdiction, and any successor agency of any of the foregoing.
“FDCA” means the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, 21 U.S.C. Section 301 et seq., and all regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Federal Funds Rate” means, for any day, the rate of interest per annum (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the nearest whole multiple of 1/100 of 1%) equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the Business Day next succeeding such day, provided, however, that (a) if such day is not a Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate for such day shall be such rate on such transactions on the next preceding Business Day, and (b) if no such rate is so published on such next preceding Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate for such day shall be the average rate quoted to Agent on such day on such transactions as determined by Agent in a commercially reasonable manner.
“Fee Letter” means each agreement between Agent (and to the extent applicable Term Loan Servicer) and Borrower relating to fees payable to Agent and/or Lenders in connection with this Agreement.
“Financial Covenant Testing Period” means the period beginning on the Financial Covenant Trigger Date and continuing until the date on which the sum of (i) the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Term Loans plus (ii) the aggregate amount of the Revolving Loan Commitment is less than or equal to $35,000,000.
“Financial Covenant Trigger Date” means the date on which the sum of (i) the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Term Loans plus (ii) the aggregate amount of the Revolving Loan Commitment exceeds $35,000,000.
“Financing Documents” means this Agreement, any Notes, the Security Documents, each Fee Letter, each subordination or intercreditor agreement pursuant to which any Debt and/or any Liens securing such Debt are subordinated to all or any portion of the Obligations and all other documents, instruments and agreements related to the Obligations and heretofore executed, executed concurrently herewith or executed at any time and from time to time hereafter, as any or all of the same may be amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time.
“Floor” means the rate per annum of interest equal to one percent (1.00%).
“Foreign Lender” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(c)(i).
“Foreign Subsidiary” means any direct or indirect Subsidiary which is not a Domestic Subsidiary.
“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth from time to time in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (or agencies with similar functions of comparable stature and authority within the United States accounting profession), which are applicable to the circumstances as of the date of determination.
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“General Intangible” means any “general intangible” as defined in Article 9 of the UCC, and any personal property, including things in action, other than accounts, chattel paper, commercial tort claims, deposit accounts, documents, goods, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, letters of credit, money, and oil, gas or other minerals before extraction, but including payment intangibles and software.
“Good Manufacturing Practices” means current good manufacturing practices, as set forth in 21 C.F.R. Parts 210 and 211.
“Governmental Authority” means any nation or government, any state, local or other political subdivision thereof, and any agency, department or Person exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory or administrative functions of or pertaining to government and any corporation or other Person owned or controlled (through stock or capital ownership or otherwise) by any of the foregoing, whether domestic or foreign.
“Guarantee” by any Person means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of such Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Debt or other obligation of any other Person and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person (a) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Debt or other obligation (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, by agreement to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or-pay, or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise), or (b) entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Debt or other obligation of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part), provided, however, that the term Guarantee shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the Ordinary Course of Business. The term “Guarantee” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning.
“Guarantor” means each Credit Party (other than a Borrower) that has executed or delivered, or shall in the future execute or deliver, this Agreement as a Guarantor or any other Guarantee of any portion of the Obligations.
“Hazardous Materials” means petroleum and petroleum products and compounds containing them, including gasoline, diesel fuel and oil; explosives, flammable materials; radioactive materials; polychlorinated biphenyls and compounds containing them; lead and lead-based paint; asbestos or asbestos-containing materials; underground or above-ground storage tanks, whether empty or containing any substance; any substance the presence of which is prohibited by any Environmental Laws; toxic mold, any substance that requires special handling; and any other material or substance now or in the future defined as a “hazardous substance,” “hazardous material,” “hazardous waste,” “toxic substance,” “toxic pollutant,” “contaminant,” “pollutant” or other words of similar import within the meaning of any Environmental Law, including: (a) any “hazardous substance” defined as such in (or for purposes of) CERCLA, or any so-called “superfund” or “superlien” Law, including the judicial interpretation thereof; (b) any “pollutant or contaminant” as defined in 42 U.S.C.A. § 9601(33); (c) any material now defined as “hazardous waste” pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 260; (d) any petroleum or petroleum by-products, including crude oil or any fraction thereof; (e) natural gas, natural gas liquids, liquefied natural gas, or synthetic gas usable for fuel; (f) any “hazardous chemical” as defined pursuant to 29 C.F.R. Part 1910; (g) any toxic or harmful substances, wastes, materials, pollutants or contaminants (including, without limitation, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, flammable explosives, radioactive materials, infectious substances, materials containing lead-based paint or raw materials which include hazardous constituents); and (h) any other toxic substance or contaminant that is subject to any Environmental Laws or other past or present requirement of any Governmental Authority.
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“Hazardous Materials Contamination” means contamination (whether now existing or hereafter occurring) of the improvements, buildings, facilities, personalty, soil, groundwater, air or other elements on or of the relevant property by Hazardous Materials, or any derivatives thereof, or on or of any other property as a result of Hazardous Materials, or any derivatives thereof, generated on, emanating from or disposed of in connection with the relevant property.
“Healthcare Laws” means all applicable Laws relating to the procurement, development, provision, clinical and non-clinical evaluation or investigation, product approval or clearance, manufacture, production, analysis, distribution, dispensing, importation, exportation, use, handling, quality, reimbursement, sale, labeling, advertising, promotion, or post-market requirements of any medical device or other product (including, without limitation, any ingredient or component of, or accessory to, the foregoing products) subject to regulation under the FDCA or otherwise by the FDA, and similar state or foreign laws, controlled substance laws, consumer product safety laws, Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, and all laws, policies, procedures, requirements and regulations pursuant to which Regulatory Required Permits are issued, in each case, as the same may be amended from time to time.
“Indemnified Taxes” means (a) Taxes, other than Excluded Taxes, imposed on or with respect to any payment made by or on account of any obligation of Borrowers or any other Credit Party under any Financing Documents and (b) to the extent not otherwise described in (a), Other Taxes.
“Instrument” means “instrument”, as defined in Article 9 of the UCC.
“Intellectual Property” means all copyright rights, copyright applications, copyright registrations and like protections in each work of authorship and derivative work, whether published or unpublished, any patents, patent applications and like protections, including improvements, divisions, continuations, renewals, reissues, extensions, and continuations-in-part of the same, trademarks, trade names, service marks, mask works, rights of use of any name, domain names, or any other similar rights, any applications therefor, whether registered or not, know-how, operating manuals, trade secret rights, clinical and non-clinical data, rights to unpatented inventions and all applications and licenses therefor, used in or necessary for the conduct of business by such Person, and any claims for damage by way of any past, present, or future infringement of any of the foregoing.
“Interest Period” means any period commencing on the first day of a calendar month and ending on the last day of such calendar month.
“Inventory” means “inventory” as defined in Article 9 of the UCC.
“Investment” means, with respect to any Person, directly or indirectly, (a) to purchase or acquire any stock or stock equivalents, or any obligations or other securities of, or any interest in, any Person, including the establishment or creation of a Subsidiary, (b) to make, commit to make or otherwise consummate any Acquisition, or (c) make, purchase or hold any advance, loan, extension of credit or capital contribution to or in, or any other investment in (including the making of investments in the form of intercompany transfer pricing and cost-plus pricing arrangements), any Person. The amount of any Investment shall be the original cost of such Investment plus the cost of all additions thereto, without any adjustments for increases or decreases in value, or write-ups, write-downs or write-offs with respect thereto.
“Investment Policy” means the Borrower’s investment policy disclosed to Agent prior to, and as in effect, on the Closing Date, or as amended thereafter with the approval of the board of directors of the Borrower; provided, that any Investment that was not contemplated by the Investment Policy as in effect on the Closing Date shall not be permitted pursuant to clause (j) of the definition of Permitted Investment or be included as a Cash Equivalent pursuant to clause (f) of the definition thereof unless the applicable
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amendment to the Investment Policy allowing such Investment was approved in writing by the Agent in its reasonable discretion (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed).
“IRS” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(c)(i).
“Joinder Requirements” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.11(d).
“L/C Cash Collateral Accounts” means, collectively, each segregated Deposit Account from time to time identified to Agent in writing established by Borrower for the sole purpose of securing Borrower’s obligations under clause (h) of the definition Permitted Contingent Obligations and containing only such cash or Cash Equivalents that have been required to be pledged to secure such obligations of Borrower; provided, that the aggregate amount of cash or Cash Equivalents deposited in all such L/C Cash Collateral Accounts does not, at any time, exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate.
“Laws” means any and all federal, state, provincial, territorial, local and foreign statutes, laws, judicial decisions, regulations, ordinances, rules, judgments, orders, decrees, codes, injunctions, permits, governmental agreements and governmental restrictions, whether now or hereafter in effect, which are applicable to any Credit Party in any particular circumstance. “Laws” includes, without limitation, Healthcare Laws, Environmental Laws and applicable U.S. and non-U.S. export control laws and regulations, including without limitation the Export Administration Regulations.
“Lender” means each of (a) MCF, in its capacity as a lender hereunder, (b) each other Person party hereto in its capacity as a lender hereunder, (c) each other Person that becomes a party hereto as Lender pursuant to Section 11.17, and (d) the respective successors of all of the foregoing, and “Lenders” means all of the foregoing.
“Lien” means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or encumbrance of any kind, in respect of such asset. For the purposes of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents, any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof shall be deemed to own subject to a Lien any asset which it has acquired or holds subject to the interest of a vendor or lessor under any conditional sale agreement, Capital Lease or other title retention agreement relating to such asset.
“Liquidity” means, as of any date of determination, the sum of (a) Credit Party Unrestricted Cash as of such date of determination, plus (b) the Revolving Loan Availability as of such date of determination, less (c) all amounts due and owing to any Credit Party’s trade creditors which are outstanding sixty (60) days or more past their due date as of such date of determination.
“Litigation” means any action, suit or proceeding before any court, mediator, arbitrator or Governmental Authority.
“Loan Account” means the Term Loan Account or the Revolving Loan Account, as applicable.
“Loan(s)” means the Term Loan, the Revolving Loans and each and every advance under the Term Loan, or any combination of the foregoing, as the context may require. All references herein to the “making” of a Loan or words of similar import mean, with respect to the Term Loan, the making of any advance in respect of a Term Loan.
“Lockbox” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.11(a).
“Lockbox Account” means a segregated account or segregated accounts maintained at the Lockbox Bank into which collections of Accounts are paid.
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“Lockbox Bank” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.11.
“Margin Stock” means “margin stock” as such term is defined in Regulation T, U, or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
“Market Withdrawal” means a Person’s Removal or Correction of a distributed product which involves a minor violation that would not be subject to legal action by the FDA or which involves no violation, e.g., normal stock rotation practices, routine equipment adjustments and repairs, etc.
“Material Adverse Effect” means with respect to any event, act, condition or occurrence of whatever nature (including any adverse determination in any litigation, arbitration, or governmental investigation or proceeding), whether singly or in conjunction with any other event or events, act or acts, condition or conditions, occurrence or occurrences, whether or not related, a material adverse change in, or a material adverse effect upon, any of (a) the financial condition, business operations or properties, of the Credit Parties taken as a whole, (b) the rights and remedies of Agent, Term Loan Servicer, or Lenders under any Financing Document, or the ability of any Credit Party to perform any of its obligations under any Financing Document to which it is a party, (c) the legality, validity or enforceability of any Financing Document, or (d) the existence, perfection or priority of any security interest granted to the Agent or the Lenders in any Financing Document, except solely as a result of any action or inaction of Agent or any Lender (provided that such action or inaction is not caused by a Credit Party’s failure to comply with the terms of the Financing Documents).
“Material Contracts” means (a) the agreements listed on Schedule 3.17, (b) each other agreement or contract to which such Credit Party or its Subsidiaries is a party that is filed with the SEC as a material agreement, including pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K, and (c) any other agreement or contract to which such Credit Party or its Subsidiaries is a party the termination of which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
“Material Intangible Assets” means all of (a) Intellectual Property owned by the Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries and (b) license or sublicense agreements or other agreements with respect to rights in Intellectual Property not owned by a Credit Party or a Subsidiary thereof, in each case, that are material to the condition (financial or otherwise), business or operations of the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries (taken as a whole), as determined by Agent in its reasonable discretion.
“Maturity Date” means August 5, 2031.
“Maximum Lawful Rate” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.7.
“MCF” means MidCap Financial Trust, a Delaware statutory trust, and its successors and assigns.
“Minimum Balance” means, at any time, an amount that equals the product of: (a) the Revolving Loan Commitment during the immediately preceding fiscal quarter multiplied by (b) the Minimum Balance Percentage for such fiscal quarter.
“Minimum Balance Fee” means a fee equal to (a) the positive difference, if any, remaining after subtracting (i) the average end-of-day principal balance of Revolving Loans outstanding during the immediately preceding fiscal quarter (without giving effect to the clearance day calculations referenced above or in Section 2.2(a)) from (ii) the Minimum Balance multiplied by (b) the highest interest rate applicable to the Revolving Loans during such fiscal quarter (or, during the existence of an Event of Default, the default rate of interest set forth in Section 10.5).
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“Minimum Balance Percentage” means twenty five percent (25%).
“Minimum Cash Testing Period” means the period (a) beginning on the first date during any Financial Covenant Testing Period on which Credit Parties fail to comply with the Minimum Net Revenue Covenant (without, for the avoidance doubt, giving effect to the proviso in Section 6.1), and (b) ending on the date thereafter on which Agent has received a Compliance Certificate, delivered in accordance with Section 4.1(i), demonstrating to Agent’s reasonable satisfaction that Credit Parties are in compliance with the Minimum Net Revenue Covenant (without, for the avoidance doubt, giving effect to the proviso in Section 6.1) for the Defined Period for which such Compliance Certificate is delivered.
“Minimum Net Revenue Covenant” has the meaning given to such term in Section 6.1.
“Multiemployer Plan” means a multiemployer plan within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA to which any Credit Party or any other member of the Controlled Group (or any Person who in the last five years was a member of the Controlled Group) is making or accruing an obligation to make contributions or has within the preceding five plan years (as determined on the applicable date of determination) made contributions.
“Net Revenue” means, for any period, the net revenue of Credit Parties and their Consolidated Subsidiaries solely to the extent generated by the Credit Parties or their Consolidated Subsidiaries directly from the commercial sale of Products to third parties in the Ordinary Course of Business (including, without limitation, recurring subscription, service, software, sale and lease revenue, but excluding revenue from licensing and royalties) for such period, as determined in accordance with GAAP.
“Non-Funding Lender” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.18.
“Notes” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3.
“Notice of Borrowing” means a notice of a Responsible Officer of Borrower Representative, appropriately completed and substantially in the form of Exhibit D hereto.
“Obligations” means all obligations, liabilities and indebtedness (monetary (including, without limitation, the payment of interest and other amounts arising after the commencement of any case with respect to any Credit Party under the Bankruptcy Code or any similar statute which would accrue and become due but for the commencement of such case, whether or not such amounts are allowed or allowable in whole or in part in such case) or otherwise) of each Credit Party under this Agreement or any other Financing Document, in each case howsoever created, arising or evidenced, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, now or hereafter existing, or due or to become due.
“OFAC” means the U.S. Department of Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control.
“OFAC Lists” means, collectively, the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List maintained by OFAC pursuant to Executive Order No. 13224, 66 Fed. Reg. 49079 (Sept. 25, 2001) and/or any other list of terrorists or other restricted Persons maintained pursuant to any of the rules and regulations of OFAC or pursuant to any other applicable Executive Orders.
“Orderly Liquidation Value” means the net amount (after all costs of sale), expressed in terms of money, which Agent, in its Permitted Discretion, estimates can be realized from a sale, as of a specific date, given a reasonable period to find a purchaser(s), with the seller being compelled to sell on an as-is/where-is basis, as reflected in the most recent appraisal delivered hereunder.
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“Ordinary Course of Business” means, in respect of any transaction involving any Credit Party or any Subsidiary, the ordinary course of business of such Credit Party or Subsidiary, as conducted by such Credit Party or Subsidiary in accordance with past practices and undertaken by such Person in good faith and not for purposes of evading any covenant or restriction in any Financing Document.
“Organizational Documents” means, with respect to any Person other than a natural person, the documents by which such Person was organized (such as a certificate of incorporation, articles of incorporation, certificate of limited partnership or articles of organization, and including, without limitation, any certificates of designation for preferred stock or other forms of preferred equity) and which relate to the internal governance of such Person (such as by-laws, a partnership agreement or an operating agreement, joint venture agreement, limited liability company agreement or members agreement), including any and all shareholder agreements or voting agreements relating to the capital stock or other Equity Interests of such Person.
“Other Connection Taxes” means taxes imposed as a result of a present or former connection between Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender and the jurisdiction imposing such tax (other than connections arising from Agent, Term Loan Servicer or such Lender having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Financing Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loans or any Financing Document).
“Other Taxes” means all present or future stamp, court or documentary, intangible, recording, filing or similar taxes that arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, or otherwise with respect to, any Financing Document, except any such taxes that are Other Connection Taxes imposed with respect to an assignment (other than an assignment made pursuant to Section 2.8(i)).
“Participant” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17.
“Participant Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17(a)(iii).
“Payment Account” means, as applicable, the Term Loan Payment Account or the Revolving Loan Payment Account.
“Payment Recipient” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.20.
“PBGC” means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and any Person succeeding to any or all of its functions under ERISA.
“Pension Plan” means any ERISA Plan that is subject to Section 412 of the Code or Title IV of ERISA.
“Perfection Certificate” means the Perfection Certificate delivered to Agent as of the Closing Date, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
“Permit” means all licenses, certificates, accreditations, product clearances or approvals, supplier numbers, marketing authorizations, drug or device authorizations and approvals, other authorizations, franchises, qualifications, accreditations, registrations, permits, consents and approvals of a Credit Party issued or required under Laws applicable to the business of the Credit Parties or any of their Subsidiaries or necessary in the manufacturing, importing, exporting, possession, ownership, warehousing, marketing,
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promoting, sale, labeling, furnishing, distribution or delivery of goods or services under Laws applicable to the business of the Credit Parties or any of their Subsidiaries. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, “Permit” includes any Regulatory Required Permit.
“Permitted Asset Dispositions” means the following Asset Dispositions:
(a) dispositions of Inventory in the Ordinary Course of Business and not pursuant to any bulk sale;
(b) dispositions of furniture, fixtures and equipment in the Ordinary Course of Business that the applicable Credit Party or Subsidiary determines in good faith is no longer used or useful in the business of such Credit Party and its Subsidiaries and with a fair salable value not to exceed Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000) in the aggregate for all such furniture, fixtures and equipment in any calendar year;
(c) expiration, forfeiture, invalidation, cancellation, abandonment or lapse (including, without limitation, the narrowing of claims) of Intellectual Property (other than Material Intangible Assets) that is, in the reasonable good faith judgment of a Credit Party, no longer useful in the conduct of the business of the Credit Parties or any of their Subsidiaries;
(d) Permitted Licenses;
(e) dispositions consisting of the use or payment of cash or Cash Equivalents in the Ordinary Course of Business for equivalent value and in a manner that is not prohibited by the terms of this Agreement or the other Financing Documents;
(f) Asset Dispositions from a Credit Party to any other Credit Party;
(g) sales, forgiveness or discounting, on a non-recourse basis and in the Ordinary Course of Business, of past due Accounts (other than Eligible Accounts included in the Borrowing Base) in connection with the settlement of delinquent Accounts or in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of suppliers or customers in accordance with the applicable terms of this Agreement;
(h) to the extent constituting an Asset Disposition, the granting of Permitted Liens;
(i) (i) any termination of any lease, sublease, license or sub-license (other than any licenses constituting Material Contracts or Material Intangible Assets) in the Ordinary Course of Business (and any related Asset Disposition of improvements made to leased real property resulting therefrom), (ii) any expiration of any option agreement in respect of real or personal property, and (iii) any surrender or waiver of contractual rights or the settlement, release or surrender of contractual rights or litigation claims (including in tort) in the Ordinary Course of Business; and
(j) dispositions of tangible personal property (and not, for the avoidance of doubt, any Intellectual Property or other General Intangibles) so long as (i) the assets subject to such Asset Dispositions are sold for fair value, as determined by the Borrowers in good faith, (ii) at least 75% of the consideration therefor is cash or Cash Equivalents, (iii) the aggregate amount of such Asset Dispositions in any twelve (12) month period does not exceed $500,000, and (iv) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the making of such disposition.
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“Permitted Contest” means, with respect to any tax obligation or other obligation allegedly or potentially owing from any Credit Party or its Subsidiary to any governmental tax authority or other third party, a contest maintained in good faith by appropriate proceedings promptly instituted and diligently conducted and with respect to which such reserve or other appropriate provision, if any, as shall be required in conformity with GAAP shall have been made on the books and records and financial statements of the applicable Credit Party(ies); provided, however, that (a) compliance with the obligation that is the subject of such contest is effectively stayed during such challenge; (b) Credit Parties’ and their Subsidiaries’ title to, and its right to use, the Collateral is not adversely affected thereby and Agent’s Lien and priority on the Collateral are not adversely affected, altered or impaired thereby; (c) the Collateral or any part thereof or any interest therein shall not be in any danger of being sold, forfeited or lost by reason of such contest by Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries; and (d) upon a final determination of such contest, Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries shall promptly comply with the requirements thereof.
“Permitted Contingent Obligations” means
(a) Contingent Obligations arising in respect of the Debt under the Financing Documents;
(b) Contingent Obligations resulting from endorsements for collection or deposit in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(c) Contingent Obligations outstanding on the Closing Date and set forth on Schedule 5.1 (but not including any refinancings, extensions, increases or amendments to such Debt other than a Permitted Refinancing);
(d) Contingent Obligations incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business with respect to surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other similar obligations not to exceed Five Hundred Thousand ($500,000) in the aggregate at any time outstanding;
(e) Contingent Obligations arising under indemnity agreements with title insurers to cause such title insurers to issue to Agent mortgagee title insurance policies;
(f) Contingent Obligations arising with respect to customary indemnification obligations in favor of purchasers in connection with dispositions of personal property assets permitted under Section 5.6 or in connection with any other commercial agreement entered into by a Credit Party or a Subsidiary thereof in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(g) so long as there exists no Event of Default both immediately before and immediately after giving effect to any such transaction, Contingent Obligations existing or arising under any Swap Contract, provided, however, that such obligations are (or were) entered into by a Credit Party or a Subsidiary in the Ordinary Course of Business for the purpose of directly mitigating risks associated with liabilities, commitments, investments, assets, or property held or reasonably anticipated by such Person and not for purposes of speculation;
(h) Contingent Obligations existing or arising in connection with any letter of credit for the primary purpose of securing a lease of real property in the Ordinary Course of Business, provided that the aggregate amount of all such letter of credit reimbursement obligations does not at any time exceed Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) outstanding;
(i) Contingent Obligations arising under guarantees by a Credit Party of Debt or other obligations, which Debt or other obligations are otherwise permitted hereunder; provided,
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however, that if such obligation is subordinated to the Obligations, such guarantee shall be subordinated to the same extent; and
(j) other Contingent Obligations not permitted by clauses (a) through (i) above, not to exceed One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) in the aggregate at any time outstanding.
“Permitted Debt” means:
(a) Credit Parties Debt to Agent and each Lender under this Agreement and the other Financing Documents;
(b) Debt incurred as a result of endorsing negotiable instruments received in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(c) purchase money Debt and Capital Leases not to exceed $500,000 in the aggregate at any time (whether in the form of a loan or a lease) used solely to acquire Equipment used in the Ordinary Course of Business and secured only by such Equipment and any Permitted Refinancing thereof;
(d) Debt existing on the date of this Agreement and described on Schedule 5.1 (but not including any refinancings, extensions, increases or amendments to such Debt other than any Permitted Refinancing thereof);
(e) so long as there exists no Event of Default both immediately before and immediately after giving effect to any such transaction, Debt existing or arising under any Swap Contract, provided, however, that such obligations are (or were) entered into by Borrower or a Subsidiary in the Ordinary Course of Business for the purpose of directly mitigating risks associated with liabilities, commitments, investments, assets, or property held or reasonably anticipated by such Person and not for purposes of speculation;
(f) Debt owed to any Person providing property, casualty, liability, or other insurance to the Credit Parties, including to finance insurance premiums, so long as the amount of such Debt is not in excess of the amount of the unpaid cost of, and shall be incurred only to defer the cost of, such insurance for the policy year in which such Debt is incurred and such Debt is outstanding only during such policy year;
(g) Debt consisting of unsecured intercompany loans and advances incurred by any Credit Party owing to any other Credit Party so long as such Debt constitutes a Permitted Investment of the applicable Credit Party pursuant to clause (i) of the definition of Permitted Investments and, in each case; provided that any such Debt owed by a Credit Party shall, at the request of Agent, be subordinated to the payment in full of the Obligations pursuant to documentation in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent;
(h) Subordinated Debt;
(i) to the extent also constituting Debt (without duplication), Permitted Contingent Obligations;
(j) Debt in respect of netting services, overdraft protections and other like services, in each case incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business;
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(k) Debt, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,000,000 at any time outstanding, in respect of credit cards, credit card processing services, debit cards, stored value cards, purchase cards (including so-called “procurement cards” or “P-cards”) or other similar cash management or merchant services, in each case, incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business; provided that, to the extent such Debt is secured, it is secured solely by cash collateral held in a Credit Card Cash Collateral Account;
(l) unsecured Debt with respect to judgments or decrees not otherwise constituting an Event of Default under Section 10.1 and in an amount not to exceed $2,500,000 in the aggregate outstanding at any time; and
(m) other unsecured Debt not to exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate at any time at any time outstanding.
“Permitted Discretion” means a determination made in good faith and in the exercise of reasonable business judgment.
“Permitted Distributions” means the following Distributions:
(a) Distributions by any Subsidiary of a Credit Party to a Credit Party;
(b) dividends payable solely in common Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Equity Interests) so long as such dividends do not result in a Change in Control;
(c) repurchases of stock of current or former employees, directors or consultants pursuant to stock purchase agreements so long as an Event of Default does not exist at the time of such repurchase and would not exist after giving effect to such repurchase, provided, however, that such repurchase does not exceed Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000) in the aggregate per fiscal year;
(d) distributions of Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Equity Interests) upon the conversion or exchange of Equity Interests (including options and warrants) or Subordinated Debt; and
(e) cash payments in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares in connection with the exercise of warrants, options or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for capital stock, or in connection with dividends, share splits, reverse share splits (or any combination thereof) and other Investments permitted hereunder, in an aggregate maximum amount not to exceed One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) in any fiscal year.
“Permitted Investments” means:
(a) Investments shown on Schedule 5.7 and existing on the Closing Date;
(b) to the extent constituting an Investment, the holding by a Person of cash and Cash Equivalents owned by such Person;
(c) Investments consisting of the endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the Ordinary Course of Business;
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(d) Investments consisting of (i) travel advances and employee relocation loans and other employee loans and advances in the Ordinary Course of Business, and (ii) loans to employees, officers or directors relating to the purchase of equity securities of Borrowers or their Subsidiaries pursuant to employee stock purchase plans or agreements approved by Borrowers’ Board of Directors (or other governing body) in the Ordinary Course of Business, but the aggregate of all such loans and advances outstanding pursuant to this clause (d) may not exceed $250,000 at any time;
(e) Investments (including debt obligations) received in connection with bankruptcy or reorganization of customers or suppliers and in settlement of delinquent obligations of, and other disputes with, customers or suppliers arising in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(f) Investments consisting of notes receivable of, or prepaid royalties and other credit extensions, to customers and suppliers who are not Affiliates, in the Ordinary Course of Business, provided, however, that this clause (f) shall not apply to Investments of any Credit Party in any Subsidiary;
(g) Investments consisting of Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts in which Agent has received a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement, except in the case of Excluded Accounts;
(h) Investments by any Credit Party in any other Credit Party;
(i) so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom, Investments of cash and cash equivalents in an entity established to perform EEG reading services in an amount not to exceed Three Million ($3,000,000) in the aggregate at any time outstanding;
(j) Investments in accordance with the Borrower’s Investment Policy;
(k) Investments accepted in connection with Dispositions permitted by Section 5.6;
(l) the granting of Permitted Licenses;
(m) Investments in prepaid expenses, utility and workers’ compensation, performance and other similar deposits, each as entered into in the Ordinary Course of Business; and
(n) so long as no Event of Default exists at the time of such Investment or after giving effect to such Investment, other Investments of cash and Cash Equivalents in an amount not exceeding Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) in the aggregate at any time outstanding.
“Permitted License” means (a) any non-exclusive license or sublicense of discrete Intellectual Property rights of Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries so long as all such licenses or sublicenses (i) are granted to third parties in the Ordinary Course of Business, (ii) do not result in a legal transfer of title to the licensed property, (iii) have been granted in exchange for fair consideration on commercially reasonable terms, and (iv) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the granting of such license or sublicense, (b) any exclusive license or sublicense of discrete Intellectual Property rights of Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries so long as all such licenses or sublicenses (i) are granted to third parties in the Ordinary Course of Business, (ii) do not result in a legal transfer of title to the licensed property, (iii) have been granted in exchange for fair consideration on commercially reasonable terms, (iv) are exclusive solely
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as to discrete geographical areas outside of the United States (and are not exclusive in any other respect), and (v) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the granting of such license or sublicense and (c) any exclusive license or sublicense of discrete Intellectual Property rights of Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries so long as such licenses or sublicenses have been approved in advance in writing by Agent, in its sole discretion.
“Permitted Liens” means:
(a) deposits or pledges of cash arising in the Ordinary Course of Business to secure obligations under workmen’s compensation, social security or similar laws, or under unemployment insurance (but excluding Liens arising under ERISA or, with respect to any Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan, the Code) pertaining to a Credit Party’s or its Subsidiary’s employees, if any;
(b) deposits or pledges of cash and Cash Equivalents in the Ordinary Course of Business to secure, without duplication, (i) leases and other obligations of like nature arising in the Ordinary Course of Business and (ii) Permitted Contingent Obligations described in clause (h) of the definition thereof;
(c) carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s or other like Liens arising by operation of law in the ordinary course of business that are not overdue for a period of more than 30 days or which are being contested pursuant to a Permitted Contest (provided that nothing in this clause (c) shall be deemed to be consent or permission given by Agent or Lenders to the transfer of inventory or other property to any carrier, warehousemen, mechanic, materialmen, repairment or other like Person as security for the payment of the obligations due to such a Person or to any such Person’s Lien taking priority over the Liens granted to Agent hereunder);
(d) Liens for taxes or other governmental charges not at the time delinquent or thereafter payable without penalty or the subject of a Permitted Contest;
(e) attachments, stay or appeal bonds, judgments and other similar Liens on Collateral for sums not exceeding $250,000 in the aggregate and arising in connection with court proceedings that do not constitute an Event of Default; provided, however, that the execution or other enforcement of such Liens is effectively stayed and the claims secured thereby are the subject of a Permitted Contest;
(f) Liens with respect to real estate, easements, rights of way, restrictions, minor defects or irregularities of title, none of which, individually or in the aggregate, materially interfere with the benefits of the security intended to be provided by the Security Documents, materially affect the value or marketability of the Collateral, impair the use or operation of the Collateral for the use currently being made thereof or impair Credit Parties’ ability to pay the Obligations in a timely manner or impair the use of the Collateral or the ordinary conduct of the business of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary and which, in the case of any real estate that is part of the Collateral, are set forth as exceptions to or subordinate matters in the title insurance policy accepted by Agent insuring the lien of the Security Documents;
(g) Liens and encumbrances in favor of Agent under the Financing Documents;
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(h) Liens, other than on Collateral that is part of the Borrowing Base, existing on the date hereof and set forth on Schedule 5.2 on the Closing Date and Liens granted in a Permitted Refinancing of the obligations or liabilities secured by such Liens;
(i) any Lien on any Equipment and the proceeds thereof securing Debt permitted under clause (c) of the definition of Permitted Debt; provided, however, that such Lien attaches concurrently with or within twenty (20) days after the acquisition thereof and Liens incurred in a Permitted Refinancing of such Debt secured by such Liens;
(j) to the extent constituting a Lien, the granting of a Permitted License;
(k) purported Liens evidenced by the filing of precautionary UCC financing statements relating solely to operating leases or consignments of personal property entered into the Ordinary Course of Business;
(l) Liens granted in the Ordinary Course of Business on the unearned portion of insurance premiums securing the financing of insurance premiums to the extent the financing is permitted clause (f) of the definition of Permitted Debt;
(m) Liens that are rights of set-off, bankers’ liens or similar non-consensual Liens relating to Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts in favor of banks, other depositary institutions and securities intermediaries solely to secure payment of fees and similar costs and expenses and arising in the Ordinary Course of Business
(n) Leases or subleases of real property granted in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(o) Liens, deposits and pledges encumbering cash and Cash Equivalents with a value not to exceed Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) in the aggregate at any time, to secure the performance of bids, tenders, contracts (other than contracts for the payment of money), public or statutory obligations, surety, indemnity, performance or other similar bonds or other similar obligations arising in the Ordinary Course of Business;
(p) Liens solely in respect of the Credit Card Cash Collateral Accounts and amounts deposited therein to the extent securing obligations permitted pursuant to clause (k) of the definition of Permitted Debt;
(q) Liens solely in respect of the L/C Cash Collateral Accounts and amounts deposited therein to the extent securing obligations permitted pursuant to clause (h) of the definition of Permitted Contingent Obligations; and
(r) Liens in favor of customs and revenue authorities arising as a matter of Law to secure payment of customs duties in connection with the importation of goods in the Ordinary Course of Business.
“Permitted Modifications” means (a) such amendments or other modifications to a Borrower’s or Subsidiary’s Organizational Documents as are required under this Agreement or by applicable Law and fully disclosed to Agent with the next quarterly Compliance Certificate after such amendments or modifications have become effective, and (b) such amendments or modifications to a Borrower’s or Subsidiary’s Organizational Documents (other than those involving a change in the name of a Borrower or Subsidiary or involving a reorganization of a Borrower or Subsidiary under the laws of a different jurisdiction) that would not adversely affect the rights and interests of Agent or Lenders and fully disclosed
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to Agent with the next quarterly Compliance Certificate after such amendments or modifications have become effective.
“Permitted Refinancing” means Debt constituting a refinancing, extension or renewal of Debt; provided that the refinanced, extended, or renewed Debt (a) has an aggregate outstanding principal amount not greater than the aggregate principal amount of the Debt being refinanced or extended (plus any reasonable and customary interest, fees, premiums and costs and expenses) (b) has a weighted average maturity (measured as of the date of such refinancing or extension) and maturity no shorter than that of the Debt being refinanced or extended, (c) is not entered into as part of a sale leaseback transaction, (d) is not secured by a Lien on any assets other than the collateral securing the Debt being refinanced or extended, (e) the obligors of which are the same as the obligors of the Debt being refinanced or extended, (f) is otherwise on terms no less favorable to Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, than those of the Debt being refinanced or extended, and (g) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at the time such refinancing, extension or renewal occurs or would result therefrom.
“Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, professional association, limited partnership, general partnership, joint stock company, joint venture, association, company, trust, bank, trust company, land trust, business trust or other organization, whether or not a legal entity, and any Governmental Authority.
“Pledge Agreement” means any Pledge Agreement (if any), dated on or after the Closing Date, executed by certain Credit Parties in favor of Agent, for the benefit of Lenders, covering all the Equity Interests respectively owned by the Credit Parties, as amended, restated, or otherwise modified from time to time.
“Pledged Collateral” shall mean and include all Pledged Debt and Pledged Equity, wherever located, whether now owned or hereafter acquired or arising, and all proceeds and products thereof.
“Pledged Debt” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1.
“Pledged Equity” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1.
“Prepayment Fee” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(i).
“Pro Rata Share” means (a) with respect to a Lender’s obligation to make advances in respect of a Term Loan Tranche 1 and such Lender’s right to receive payments of principal, interest and fees with respect to the Term Loan Tranche 1, the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Percentage of such Lender; provided that if the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment has been reduced to zero, the numerator shall be the aggregate unpaid principal amount of such Lender’s portion of the Term Loan Tranche 1 and the denominator shall be the aggregate unpaid principal amount of the Term Loan Tranche 1, (b) with respect to a Lender’s obligation to make advances in respect of a Term Loan Tranche 2 and such Lender’s right to receive payments of principal, interest and fees with respect to the Term Loan Tranche 2, the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Percentage of such Lender; provided that if the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment has been reduced to zero, the numerator shall be the aggregate unpaid principal amount of such Lender’s portion of the Term Loan Tranche 2 and the denominator shall be the aggregate unpaid principal amount of the Term Loan Tranche 2, (c) with respect to a Lender’s obligation to make Revolving Loans, and such Lender’s right to receive any fee payable to or for the benefit of the Revolving Lenders, the Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage of such Lender, (d) with respect to a Lender’s right to receive payments of principal and interest with respect to Revolving Loans, such Lender’s Revolving Loan Exposure with respect thereto, and (e) for all other purposes (including, without limitation, the indemnification obligations arising under Section 11.6) with respect to any Lender, the percentage obtained by dividing (i) the sum of
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the Revolving Loan Commitment Amount (or, in the event the Revolving Loan Commitment shall have been reduced to zero, such Lender’s then existing Revolving Loan Outstandings), the then remaining Term Loan Commitment Amount, and the then outstanding principal advances under the Term Loan of such Lender, by (ii) the sum of the Revolving Loan Commitment (or, in the event the Revolving Loan Commitment shall have been reduced to zero, the then existing Revolving Loan Outstandings), the then remaining Term Loan Commitment, and the then outstanding principal advances under the Term Loans of all Lenders.
“Proceeding” means any suit, formal charge, complaint, action or hearing, whether judicial or administrative, before any Governmental Authority or arbitrator.
“Proceeds” means “proceeds” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC).
“Products” means, from time to time, any products currently manufactured, sold, developed, tested or marketed by any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries, including without limitation, those products set forth on Schedule 4.17 (as updated from time to time in accordance with Section 4.15); provided, that, for the avoidance of doubt, any new Product not disclosed on Schedule 4.17 shall still constitute a “Product” as herein defined.
“Protective Advance” means all sums expended by Agent in accordance with the provisions of Section 10.4 to (a) protect the priority, validity and enforceability of any lien on, and security interests in, any Collateral and the instruments evidencing and securing the Obligations, (b) prevent the value of any Collateral from being diminished, or (c) protect any of the Collateral from being materially damaged, impaired, mismanaged or taken.
“Recall” means a Person’s Removal or Correction of a marketed product that the FDA considers to be in violation of the laws it administers and against which the FDA would initiate legal action, e.g., seizure.
“Reference Time” means approximately a time substantially consistent with market practice two (2) SOFR Business Days prior to the first day of each calendar month. If by 5:00 pm (New York City time) on any interest lookback day, Term SOFR in respect of such interest lookback day has not been published on the SOFR Administrator’s Website, then Term SOFR for such interest lookback day will be Term SOFR as published in respect of the first preceding SOFR Business Day for which Term SOFR was published on the SOFR Administrator’s Website; provided that such first preceding SOFR Business Day is not more than three (3) SOFR Business Days prior to such interest lookback day.
“Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17(a)(iii).
“Registered Intellectual Property” means any patent, registered trademark or servicemark, registered copyright, registered mask work, or any pending application for any of the foregoing.
“Regulatory Reporting Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.17.
“Regulatory Required Permit” means any and all licenses, approvals and permits issued by the FDA, or any other applicable Governmental Authority, necessary for (a) the testing, manufacture, marketing or sale of any Product by any applicable Credit Party or its Subsidiaries as such activities are being conducted by such Credit Party and its Subsidiaries with respect to such Product at such time, and those issued by State governments or foreign governments for the conduct of any Credit Party’s or any Subsidiary’s business or (b) the operation by any applicable Credit Party or its subsidiaries of any manufacturing facility or other similar operation.
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“Relevant Governmental Body” means the Federal Reserve Board and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or a committee officially endorsed or convened by the Federal Reserve Board and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or any successor thereto.
“Removal” means the physical removal of a Product from its point of use to some other location for repair, modification, adjustment, relabeling, destruction, or inspection.
“Replacement Lender” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.17(c).
“Required Lenders” means at any time Lenders holding (a) more than fifty percent (50%) the sum of the Revolving Loan Commitments, the remaining Term Loan Commitments, and the then outstanding principal advances under the Term Loans (taken as a whole) or (b) if the Revolving Loan Commitments has been reduced to zero, more than fifty percent (50%) of the sum of the then aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Revolving Loans, the remaining Term Loan Commitments, and the then outstanding principal advances under the Term Loans (taken as a whole).
“Resolution Authority” means an EEA Resolution Authority or, with respect to any UK Financial Institution, a UK Resolution Authority.
“Responsible Officer” means any of the President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or any other officer of the applicable Credit Party acceptable to Agent.
“Revolving Lender” means each Lender having a Revolving Loan Commitment Amount in excess of Zero Dollars ($0) (or, in the event the Revolving Loan Commitment shall have been terminated at any time, each Lender at such time having Revolving Loan Outstandings in excess of Zero Dollars ($0)).
“Revolving Loan Account” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.6(b).
“Revolving Loan Availability” means, at any time, the Revolving Loan Limit minus the Revolving Loan Outstandings.
“Revolving Loan Commitment” means, as of any date of determination, the aggregate Revolving Loan Commitment Amounts of all Lenders as of such date.
“Revolving Loan Commitment Amount” means, as to any Lender, the dollar amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name on the Commitment Annex under the column “Revolving Loan Commitment Amount” (if such Lender’s name is not so set forth thereon, then the dollar amount on the Commitment Annex for the Revolving Loan Commitment Amount for such Lender shall be deemed to be Zero Dollars ($0)), as such amount may be adjusted from time to time by (a) any amounts assigned (with respect to such Lender’s portion of Revolving Loans outstanding and its commitment to make Revolving Loans) pursuant to the terms of any and all effective Assignment Agreements to which such Lender is a party and (b) any Additional Tranche(s) activated by Borrowers. For the avoidance of doubt, the aggregate Revolving Loan Commitment Amount of all Lenders on the Closing Date shall be $20,000,000 and if the Additional Tranche is fully activated by Borrowers pursuant to the terms of the Agreement such amount shall increase to $30,000,000.
“Revolving Loan Commitment Increase Conditions” means each of the following conditions, the satisfaction of which shall be determined by Agent in its reasonable discretion: (a) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing as of the date on which the applicable Revolving Loan Commitment increase is to be activated (the “Applicable Commitment Increase Date”), (b) the Borrowing Base Certificate delivered to Agent on the Applicable Commitment Increase Date demonstrates
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to Agent’s reasonable satisfaction that the Borrowing Base on the Applicable Commitment Increase Date is greater than or equal to the Revolving Loan Commitment prior to giving effect to the aggregate amount of the Additional Tranche requested on such date, (c) on the date of the requested increase, the Credit Parties have demonstrated to Agent’s reasonable satisfaction that either (i) the Credit Parties are in pro forma compliance with the Minimum Net Revenue Covenant, measured as of the last day of the most recently ended Defined Period or (ii) the Credit Parties have in excess of $65,000,000 in Credit Party Unrestricted Cash prior to giving effect to the requested commitment increase, and (d) Credit Parties shall have paid to Agent all fees required in connection with such increase in accordance with the terms of the Fee Letter.
“Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage” means, as to any Lender, (a) on the Closing Date, the percentage set forth opposite such Lender’s name on the Commitment Annex under the column “Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage” (if such Lender’s name is not so set forth thereon, then, on the Closing Date, such percentage for such Lender shall be deemed to be zero), and (b) on any date following the Closing Date, the percentage equal to the Revolving Loan Commitment Amount of such Lender on such date divided by the Revolving Loan Commitment on such date.
“Revolving Loan Exposure” means, with respect to any Lender on any date of determination, the percentage equal to the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Loan Outstandings on such date divided by the aggregate Revolving Loan Outstandings of all Lenders on such date.
“Revolving Loan Limit” means, at any time, the lesser of (a) the Revolving Loan Commitment and (b) the Borrowing Base.
“Revolving Loan Outstandings” means, at any time of calculation, without duplication (a) the then existing aggregate outstanding principal amount of Revolving Loans, and (b) when used with reference to any single Lender, the then existing outstanding principal amount of Revolving Loans advanced by such Lender.
“Revolving Loan Payment Account” means the account specified on Schedule 1.1 as the Revolving Loan Payment Account, into which all payments by or on behalf of each Borrower to Agent (other than payments of principal, interest, fees, expenses, charges and all other amounts owing solely in respect of the Term Loans) under the Financing Documents shall be made, or such other account as Agent shall from time to time specify by notice to Borrower Representative.
“Revolving Loans” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).
“Sanctioned Country” means any country or territory that is itself subject to comprehensive sanctions maintained by OFAC including at the time of this Agreement, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria and the Crimea, Donetsk People’s Republic and Luhansk People’s Republic regions.
“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Securities Account” means a “securities account” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC), an investment account, or other account in which investment property or securities are held or invested for credit to or for the benefit of any Credit Party.
“Securities Account Control Agreement” means an agreement, in form and substance satisfactory to Agent, among Agent, any applicable Credit Party and each securities intermediary in which such Credit Party maintains a Securities Account pursuant to which Agent shall obtain “control” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC) over such Securities Account.
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“Security Document” means this Agreement, any Pledge Agreement, and each other agreement, document or instrument executed concurrently herewith or at any time hereafter pursuant to which one or more Credit Parties or any other Person either (a) Guarantees payment or performance of all or any portion of the Obligations, and/or (b) provides, as security for all or any portion of the Obligations, a Lien on any of its assets in favor of Agent for its own benefit and the benefit of the Lenders, as any or all of the same may be amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time.
“SOFR” means, with respect to any SOFR Business Day, a rate per annum equal to the secured overnight financing rate for such SOFR Business Day.
“SOFR Administrator” means CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited (CBA) (or a successor administrator of Term SOFR selected by Agent in its reasonable discretion).
“SOFR Administrator’s Website” means the website of the SOFR Administrator, currently at https://www.cmegroup.com/market-data/cme-group-benchmark-administration/term-sofr.html, or any successor source for Term SOFR identified by the SOFR Administrator from time to time.
“SOFR Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday or Sunday or a day on which the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association recommends that the fixed income departments of its members be closed for the entire day for purposes of trading in United States government securities.
“SOFR Interest Rate” means, with respect to each day during which interest accrues on a Loan, the rate per annum (expressed as a percentage) equal to (a) Term SOFR for the applicable Interest Period for such day; or (b) if the then-current Benchmark has been replaced with a Benchmark Replacement pursuant to Section 2.2(o), such Benchmark Replacement for such day. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the SOFR Interest Rate shall not at any time be less than the Floor.
“SOFR Loan” means a Loan that bears interest at a rate based on Term SOFR.
“Solvent” means, with respect to any Person, that such Person (a) owns and will own assets the fair saleable value of which are (i) greater than the total amount of its debts and liabilities (including subordinated and Contingent Obligations), and (ii) greater than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liabilities of its then existing debts as they become absolute and matured considering all financing alternatives and potential asset sales reasonably available to it; (b) has capital that is not unreasonably small in relation to its business as presently conducted or after giving effect to any contemplated transaction; and (c) does not intend to incur and does not believe that it will incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they become due.
“Stated Rate” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.7.
“Subordinated Debt” means any Debt of Credit Parties incurred pursuant to the terms of the Subordinated Debt Documents and with the prior written consent of Agent. As of the Closing Date, there is no Subordinated Debt.
“Subordinated Debt Documents” means any documents evidencing and/or securing Debt governed by a Subordination Agreement, all of which documents must be in form and substance acceptable to Agent in its sole discretion. As of the Closing Date, there are no Subordinated Debt Documents.
“Subordination Agreement” means each agreement between Agent and another creditor of Credit Parties, as the same may be amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof, pursuant to which the Debt owing from any Credit Party and/or
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the Liens securing such Debt granted by any Credit Party to such creditor are subordinated in any way to the Obligations and the Liens created under the Security Documents, the terms and provisions of such Subordination Agreements to have been agreed to by and be acceptable to Agent in the exercise of its sole discretion.
“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (a) any corporation (or any foreign equivalent thereof) of which an aggregate of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding Equity Interests having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether, at the time, Equity Interests of any other class or classes of such corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time, directly or indirectly, owned legally or beneficially by such Person or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person, or with respect to which any such Person has the right to vote or designate the vote of more than fifty percent (50%) of such Equity Interests whether by proxy, agreement, operation of law or otherwise or which corporation’s operational and financial policies are controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person, and (b) any partnership or limited liability company (or any foreign equivalent thereof) in which such Person and/or one or more Subsidiaries of such Person shall have an interest (whether in the form of voting or participation in profits or capital contribution) of more than fifty percent (50%) or of which any such Person is a general partner or may exercise the powers of a general partner or which partnership’s or limited liability company’s operational and financial policies are controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person. Unless the context otherwise requires, each reference to a Subsidiary shall be a reference to a Subsidiary of a Credit Party.
“Swap Contract” means any “swap agreement”, as defined in Section 101 of the Bankruptcy Code, that is obtained by a Credit Party to provide protection against fluctuations in interest or currency exchange rates, but only if Agent provides its prior written consent to the entry into such “swap agreement”.
“Taxes” means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto.
“Term Lender” means a Lender with a Term Loan Commitment or a portion of the outstanding Term Loans.
“Term Loan” means, collectively, the Term Loan Tranche 1 and the Term Loan Tranche 2.
“Term Loan Account” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.6(c).
“Term Loan Commitment Amount” means, with respect to each Lender, the sum of such Lender’s Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount and Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Amount.
“Term Loan Commitment Percentage” means, as to any Lender with respect to each of such Lender’s Term Loan Commitments, (a) on the Closing Date, with respect to each tranche of the Term Loan, the applicable percentage set forth opposite such Lender’s name on the Commitment Annex under the column “Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Percentage”, and “Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Percentage” (if such Lender’s name is not so set forth thereon, then, on the Closing Date, such percentage for such Lender shall be deemed to be zero), and (b) on any date following the Closing Date, as applicable to each tranche of Term Loan, the percentage equal to (i) the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment of such Lender on such date divided by the aggregate Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments on such date, or (ii) the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment of such Lender on such date divided by the aggregate Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitments on such date.
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“Term Loan Commitments” means the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments, and the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitments. For the avoidance of doubt, the aggregate Term Loan Commitments of all Lenders on the Closing Date shall be $55,000,000.
“Term Loan Payment Account” means the account specified on Schedule 1.1 as the Term Loan Payment Account, into which all payments by or on behalf of each Borrower to Agent of principal, interest, fees, expenses, charges and all other amounts owing solely in respect of the Term Loans under the Financing Documents shall be made, or such other account as Term Loan Servicer shall from time to time specify by notice to Borrower Representative.
“Term Loan Servicer” means MidCap Financial Trust, in its capacity as Term Loan Servicer for itself and for Lenders hereunder, as such capacity is established in, and subject to the provisions of, Article 11, and the successors and assigns of MidCap Financial Trust in such capacity.
“Term Loan Tranche 1” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a)(i)(A).
“Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount” means, with respect to each Lender, the amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name on Annex A hereto under the caption “Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount”, as amended from time to time to reflect any permitted and effective assignments and as such amount may be reduced or terminated pursuant to this Agreement.
“Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Termination Date” means the earlier of (a) December 31, 2028 and (b) the date on which Agent provides notice to the Credit Parties, following the occurrence of an Event of Default (which has not been waived or cured as of the date such notice is given), that the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments have been terminated.
“Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments” means the sum of each Lender’s Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount.
“Term Loan Tranche 2” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a)(i)(B).
“Term Loan Tranche 2 Activation Date” means the date on which Agent and Lenders, in their sole discretion, provide notice to Borrower Representative that the Term Loan Tranche 2 Activation Date has occurred (it being understood and agreed that neither Agent nor any Lender shall be obligated to provide such notice or activate the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitments, which notice may be given or withheld in Agent’s or any Lender’s sole discretion).
“Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Amount” means, with respect to each Lender, the amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name on Annex A hereto under the caption “Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Amount”, as amended from time to time to reflect any permitted and effective assignments and as such amount may be reduced or terminated pursuant to this Agreement.
“Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Termination Date” means the earlier of (a) the Termination Date and (b) the date on which Agent provides notice to the Credit Parties, following the occurrence of an Event of Default (which has not been waived or cured as of the date such notice is given), that the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitments have been terminated.
“Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitments” means the sum of each Lender’s Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Amount.
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“Term SOFR” means the greater of (x) the forward-looking term rate for a period comparable to such Interest Period based on SOFR that is published by the SOFR Administrator and is displayed on the SOFR Administrator’s Website at approximately the Reference Time for such Interest Period and (y) the Floor. Unless otherwise specified in any amendment to this Agreement entered into in accordance with Section 2.2(o), in the event that a Benchmark Replacement with respect to Term SOFR is implemented, then all references herein to Term SOFR shall be deemed references to such Benchmark Replacement.
“Termination Date” means the earliest to occur of (a) the Maturity Date, (b) any date on which the maturity of the Loans is accelerated pursuant to Section 10.2, or (c) the termination date stated in any notice of termination of this Agreement provided by Borrowers in accordance with Section 2.12.
“UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code of the State of New York or of any other state the laws of which are required to be applied in connection with the perfection of security interests in any Collateral.
“UK Financial Institution” means any BRRD Undertaking (as such term is defined under the PRA Rulebook (as amended from time to time) promulgated by the United Kingdom Prudential Regulation Authority) or any person falling within IFPRU 11.6 of the FCA Handbook (as amended from time to time) promulgated by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, which includes certain credit institutions and investment firms, and certain affiliates of such credit institutions or investment firms.
“UK Resolution Authority” means the Bank of England or any other public administrative authority having responsibility for the resolution of any UK Financial Institution.
“Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement” means the applicable Benchmark Replacement excluding the related Benchmark Replacement Adjustment.
“United States” means the United States of America.
“U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(c)(i).
“Withholding Agent” means any Borrower, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable.
“Write-Down and Conversion Powers” means, (a) with respect to any EEA Resolution Authority, the write-down and conversion powers of such EEA Resolution Authority from time to time under the Bail-In Legislation for the applicable EEA Member Country, which write-down and conversion powers are described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule, and (b) with respect to the United Kingdom, any powers of the applicable Resolution Authority under the Bail-In Legislation to cancel, reduce, modify or change the form of a liability of any UK Financial Institution or any contract or instrument under which that liability arises, to convert all or part of that liability into shares, securities or obligations of that person or any other person, to provide that any such contract or instrument is to have effect as if a right had been exercised under it or to suspend any obligation in respect of that liability or any of the powers under that Bail-In Legislation that are related to or ancillary to any of those powers.
Section 1.2 Accounting Terms and Determinations. Unless otherwise specified herein, all accounting terms used herein shall be interpreted, all accounting determinations hereunder (including, without limitation, determinations made pursuant to the exhibits hereto) shall be made, and all financial statements required to be delivered hereunder shall be prepared on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP applied on a basis consistent with the most recent audited consolidated financial statements of each Credit Party and its Consolidated Subsidiaries delivered to Agent and each of the Lenders on or prior to the Closing Date. If at any time any change in GAAP would affect the computation of any financial ratio or
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financial requirement set forth in any Financing Document, and either Borrowers or the Required Lenders shall so request, Agent, the Lenders and Borrowers shall negotiate in good faith to amend such ratio or requirement to preserve the original intent thereof in light of such change in GAAP (subject to the approval of the Required Lenders); provided, however, that until so amended, (a) such ratio or requirement shall continue to be computed in accordance with GAAP prior to such change therein and (b) Borrowers shall provide to Agent and the Lenders financial statements and other documents required under this Agreement which include a reconciliation between calculations of such ratio or requirement made before and after giving effect to such change in GAAP. Any obligations of a Person under a lease (whether existing now or entered into in the future) that is not (or would not be) a capital lease obligation under GAAP as in effect prior to giving effect to FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases, shall not be treated as a capital lease obligation solely as a result of the adoption of changes in GAAP, unless the parties hereto shall enter into a mutually acceptable amendment addressing such changes, as provided for above. Notwithstanding any other provision contained herein, all terms of an accounting or financial nature used herein shall be construed, and all computations of amounts and ratios referred to herein shall be made, without giving effect to any election under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 159 (or any other Financial Accounting Standard having a similar result or effect) to value any Debt or other liabilities of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary of any Credit Party at “fair value”, as defined therein.
Section 1.3 Other Definitional and Interpretive Provisions. References in this Agreement to “Articles”, “Sections”, “Annexes”, “Exhibits”, or “Schedules” shall be to Articles, Sections, Annexes, Exhibits or Schedules of or to this Agreement unless otherwise specifically provided. Any term defined herein may be used in the singular or plural. “Include”, “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by “without limitation”. Except as otherwise specified or limited herein, references to any Person include the successors and assigns of such Person. References “from” or “through” any date mean, unless otherwise specified, “from and including” or “through and including”, respectively. References to any statute or act shall include all related current regulations and all amendments and any successor statutes, acts and regulations. All amounts used for purposes of financial calculations required to be made herein shall be without duplication. References to any statute or act, without additional reference, shall be deemed to refer to federal statutes and acts of the United States. References to any agreement, instrument or document shall include all schedules, exhibits, annexes and other attachments thereto. References to capitalized terms that are not defined herein, but are defined in the UCC, shall have the meanings given them in the UCC. All references herein to times of day shall be references to daylight or standard time, as applicable. All references herein to a merger, transfer, consolidation, amalgamation, assignment, sale or transfer, or analogous term, will be construed to mean also a division of or by a limited liability company, as if it were a merger, transfer, consolidation, amalgamation, assignment, sale or transfer, or similar term, as applicable. Any series of limited liability company shall be considered a separate Person.
Section 1.4 Settlement and Funding Mechanics. Unless otherwise specified herein, the settlement of all payments and fundings hereunder between or among the parties hereto shall be made in lawful money of the United States and in immediately available funds.
Section 1.5 Time is of the Essence. Time is of the essence in Borrower’s and each other Credit Party’s performance under this Agreement and all other Financing Documents.
Section 1.6 Time of Day. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to times of day shall be references to Eastern time (daylight savings or standard, as applicable).
Article 2 - LOANS
Section 2.1 Loans.
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(a) Term Loans.
(i) Term Loan Amounts.
(A) On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein and in the other Financing Documents, each Lender with a Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount severally hereby agrees to make to Borrowers a Term Loan on the Closing Date and on any Business Day thereafter, from time to time in one or more advances, in an original aggregate principal amount not to exceed such Lender’s Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment (the “Term Loan Tranche 1”). Each such Lender’s obligation to fund the Term Loan Tranche 1 shall be limited to such Lender’s Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Percentage, and no Lender shall have any obligation to fund any portion of any Term Loan required to be funded by any other Lender, but not so funded. The Term Loan Tranche 1 shall be funded in an aggregate amount equal to $0 on the Closing Date and may thereafter be funded on a Business Day occurring after the Closing Date in multiple advances in an aggregate amount not to exceed the remaining Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments, but no advances under the Term Loan Tranche 1 shall be made after the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Termination Date. Lenders shall have no obligation to make more than one (1) advance in respect of the Term Loan Tranche 1 per calendar month and each advance of the Term Loan Tranche 1 shall be in an amount equal to $5,000,000 (or a higher integral multiple of $5,000,000) in the aggregate with respect to all such Lenders. Unless previously terminated, upon the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Termination Date, the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment shall thereupon automatically be terminated and the Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount of each Lender as of such date shall be reduced by such Lender’s Pro Rata Share of such total reduction in the Term Loan Commitments.
(B) On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein and in the other Financing Documents, each Lender with a Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Amount severally hereby agrees to make to Borrowers a Term Loan on a Business Day occurring on or after the Term Loan Tranche 2 Activation Date and on or prior to the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Termination Date in an original aggregate principal amount equal to the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment (the “Term Loan Tranche 2”). Each such Lender’s obligation to fund the Term Loan Tranche 2 shall be limited to such Lender’s Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Amount, and no Lender shall have any obligation to fund any portion of any Term Loan required to be funded by any other Lender, but not so funded. Without limiting the foregoing, until the Term Loan Tranche 2 Activation Date has occurred, no Borrower shall be entitled to request, and no Lender shall be required to advance, any principal amount in respect of the Term Loan Tranche 2. Unless previously terminated, upon the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Termination Date, the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment shall thereupon automatically be terminated and the Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Amount of each Lender as of such date shall be reduced by such Lender’s Pro Rata Share of such total reduction in the Term Loan Commitments.
(C) No Borrower shall have any right to reborrow any portion of the Term Loan that is repaid or prepaid from time to time. Borrowers shall deliver to Agent and Term Loan Servicer a Notice of Borrowing with respect to each proposed Term Loan advance, such Notice of Borrowing to be delivered, (i) in the case of a Term Loan Tranche 1 borrowing, no later than 12:00 P.M. (Eastern time) on the Closing Date, or if such borrowing is not to occur on the Closing Date, no later than 12:00 P.M. (Eastern Time) ten (10) Business Days (or such shorter period as may be agreed by Agent, Term Loan Servicer
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and the Lenders) prior to such borrowing, and (ii) in the case of a Term Loan Tranche 2 borrowing, no later than 12:00 P.M. (Eastern time) ten (10) Business Days (or such shorter period as may be agreed by Agent, Term Loan Servicer and the Lenders) prior to such proposed borrowing.
(ii) Scheduled Repayments; Mandatory Prepayments; Optional Prepayments.
(A) The outstanding principal amount of each Term Loan shall become immediately due and payable in full on the Termination Date.
(B) There shall become due and payable and Borrowers shall prepay each Term Loan in the following amounts and at the following times:
(i) Unless Agent shall otherwise consent in writing, subject to Borrower’s option to apply casualty proceeds in accordance with this Section 2.1(a)(ii)(B)(i), within five (5) Business Days of the date on which any Credit Party (or Agent as loss payee or assignee) receives any casualty proceeds in excess of $250,000 with respect to any Collateral, an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of such proceeds (net of out-of-pocket expenses and repayment of secured debt permitted under clause (c) of the definition of Permitted Debt and encumbering the property that suffered such casualty), or such lesser portion of such proceeds as Agent shall elect to apply to the Term Loans and related Obligations; provided that, so long as no Event of Default then exists, any such casualty proceeds in excess of $250,000 and less than $2,000,000 may instead be used by Borrowers within three hundred and sixty (360) days from the receipt of such proceeds to replace, repair, purchase or otherwise reinvest such proceeds in assets used or useful in the business of the Credit Parties;
(ii) without limiting Section 5.6(b) and unless Agent shall otherwise consent in writing, within five (5) Business Days of receipt by any Credit Party of the proceeds of any Asset Disposition that is not made in the Ordinary Course of Business or that pertains to any Collateral upon which a Borrowing Base is calculated, an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the net cash proceeds of such Asset Disposition (net of out-of-pocket expenses and repayment of secured debt permitted under clause (c) of the definition of Permitted Debt and encumbering such asset), or such lesser portion as Agent shall elect to apply to the Obligations; and
(iii) an amount equal to any interest that is deemed to be in excess of the Maximum Lawful Rate (as defined below) and is required to be applied to the reduction of the principal balance of the Loans by any Lender as provided for in Section 2.7.
(C) Borrowers may from time to time, with at least ten (10) Business Days prior irrevocable written notice (which notice may be conditioned on the closing of a refinancing or other applicable transaction) to Agent, prepay the Term Loans in whole but not in part (other than mandatory partial prepayments required under this Agreement); provided, that such prepayment shall be accompanied by all prepayment fees and any other fees required hereunder and any fees required under the Fee Letter or any Financing Document in connection with such prepayments.
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(iii) All Prepayments. Except as this Agreement may specifically provide otherwise, all prepayments of the Term Loan shall be applied by Term Loan Servicer to the Term Loans and related Obligations in inverse order of maturity. Each prepayment of the Term Loan shall be applied by Term Loan Servicer to reduce and prepay the principal balance of the earliest-made advance then outstanding in the inverse order of maturity of the scheduled payments with respect to such advance until such earliest-made advance is paid in full (and to the extent the total amount of any such partial prepayment shall exceed the outstanding principal balance of such earliest-made advance, the remainder of such prepayment shall be applied successively to the remaining advances under the Term Loan in the direct order of the respective advance dates in the manner provided for in this sentence).
(iv) Payments Generally. All payments by or on behalf of each Borrower to Term Loan Servicer of principal, interest, fees, expenses, charges and all other amounts owing solely in respect of the Term Loans under the Financing Documents shall be made to the Term Loan Payment Account.
(b) Revolving Loans.
(i) Revolving Loans and Borrowings. On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, each Lender severally agrees to make loans to Borrowers from time to time as set forth herein (each a “Revolving Loan”, and collectively, “Revolving Loans”) equal to such Lender’s Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage of Revolving Loans requested by Borrowers hereunder, provided, however, that after giving effect thereto, the Revolving Loan Outstandings shall not exceed the Revolving Loan Limit. Borrowers shall deliver to Agent a Notice of Borrowing with respect to each proposed borrowing of a Revolving Loan, such Notice of Borrowing to be delivered before 1:00 p.m. (Eastern time) two (2) Business Days prior to the date of such proposed borrowing. Each Borrower and each Revolving Lender hereby authorizes Agent to make Revolving Loans on behalf of Revolving Lenders, at any time in its sole discretion, to pay principal owing in respect of the Revolving Loans and interest, fees, expenses and other charges payable by any Credit Party in respect of the Revolving Loans from time to time arising under this Agreement or any other Financing Document (it being understood that Agent shall not be entitled to make discretionary Revolving Loans to pay any amounts due and owing under or in respect of the Term Loans). The Borrowing Base shall be determined by Agent based on the most recent Borrowing Base Certificate delivered to Agent in accordance with this Agreement (absent manifest error) and such other information as may be available to Agent. Without limiting any other rights and remedies of Agent hereunder or under the other Financing Documents, the Revolving Loans shall be subject to Agent’s continuing right to withhold from the Borrowing Base reserves, and to increase and decrease such reserves from time to time, if and to the extent that in Agent’s Permitted Discretion, such reserves are necessary. For the avoidance of doubt, prior to the Deemed Borrowing Base Termination Date, Agent shall not impose or increase any reserve, change any eligibility criteria, or otherwise take any action (other than upon the Termination Date or pursuant to Section 10.2) that would reduce the Deemed Borrowing Base or maximum amount available to be borrowed under the Revolving Loans below the Deemed Borrowing Base.
(ii) Mandatory Revolving Loan Repayments and Prepayments.
(A) The Revolving Loan Commitment shall terminate on the Termination Date. On such Termination Date, there shall become due, and Borrowers shall pay, the entire outstanding principal amount of each Revolving Loan, together with accrued and unpaid Obligations pertaining thereto incurred to, but excluding the Termination Date;
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provided, however, that such payment is made not later than 12:00 Noon (Eastern time) on the Termination Date.
(B) If at any time the Revolving Loan Outstandings exceed the Revolving Loan Limit, then, on the next succeeding Business Day, Borrowers shall repay the Revolving Loans, in an aggregate amount equal to such excess.
(C) Principal payable on account of Revolving Loans shall be payable by Borrowers to Agent (I) during any Cash Dominion Period, immediately upon the receipt by any Borrower or Agent of any payments on or proceeds from any of the Accounts, to the extent of such payments or proceeds, as further described in Section 2.11 below, and (II) in full on the Termination Date.
(iii) Optional Prepayments. Borrowers may from time to time prepay the Revolving Loans in whole or in part; provided, however, that any such partial prepayment shall be in an amount equal to $100,000 or a higher integral multiple of $25,000 (or, if less, the principal amount of Revolving Loans outstanding). For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this clause shall permit termination of the Revolving Loan Commitment by Borrower other than in accordance with Section 2.12(b).
(iv) Payments Generally. All payments by or on behalf of each Borrower to Agent under the Financing Documents (other than those described in Section 2.1(a)(iv) above) shall be made to the Revolving Loan Payment Account.
(c) Additional Revolving Loan Tranches. After the Closing Date, subject to the satisfaction of the Revolving Loan Commitment Increase Conditions, the Borrower Representative may elect, in its sole discretion and without consent of the Lenders, to increase the Revolving Loan Commitment by providing a written request (which such request shall state the aggregate amount of the Additional Tranche requested (which shall be no less than $5,000,000) and shall be made at least fifteen (15) days prior to the proposed effective date of such Additional Tranche) to Agent to activate an Additional Tranche and such Additional Tranche shall become effective on the Applicable Commitment Increase Date so long as the Revolving Loan Commitment Increase Conditions have been satisfied; provided, however, that in no event shall the Borrower Representative be permitted to activate more than two (2) Additional Tranches pursuant to this Section 2.1(c) and in no event shall the aggregate amount of Additional Tranches activated pursuant to the Section 2.1(c) during the term of this Agreement exceed $10,000,000. Upon activating an Additional Tranche, each Lender’s Revolving Loan Commitment shall increase by a proportionate amount so as to maintain the same Pro Rata Share of the Revolving Loan Commitment as such Lender held immediately prior to such activation.
Section 2.2 Interest, Interest Calculations and Certain Fees.
(a) Interest.
(i) From and following the Closing Date, except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, Loans and the other Obligations shall bear interest at the sum of the SOFR Interest Rate plus the Applicable Margin. Interest on the Loans shall be paid monthly in arrears on the first (1st) Business Day of each month and on the maturity of such Loans, whether by acceleration or otherwise. Interest on all other Obligations shall be payable upon demand.
(ii) For purposes of calculating interest, all funds transferred to the Revolving Loan Payment Account during any Cash Dominion Period for application to any Revolving Loans
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shall be subject to a one (1) Business Day clearance period and all interest accruing on such funds during such clearance period shall accrue for the benefit of Agent, and not for the benefit of the Lenders.
(iii) In the event one or more of the following events occurs with respect to Term SOFR: (a) a public statement or publication of information by or on behalf of the SOFR Administrator announcing that the SOFR Administrator has ceased or will cease to provide Term SOFR for a 1-month period, permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide Term SOFR for a 1-month period; (b) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the SOFR Administrator, the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, an insolvency official or resolution authority with jurisdiction over the SOFR Administrator, or a court or an entity with similar insolvency or resolution authority, which states that the SOFR Administrator has ceased or will cease to provide Term SOFR for a 1-month period permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide Term SOFR for a 1-month period; or (c) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the SOFR Administrator announcing that Term SOFR for a 1-month period is no longer, or as of a specified future date will no longer be, representative and Agent has provided Borrower Representative with notice of the same, any outstanding affected SOFR Loans will be deemed to have been converted to Base Rate Loan at the end of the applicable Interest Period.
(iv) In connection with Term SOFR, Agent will have the right to make Conforming Changes from time to time (in consultation with Borrower Representative) and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Financing Document, any amendments implementing such Conforming Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement or any other Financing Document. Agent will promptly notify Borrower Representative and the Lenders of the effectiveness of any Conforming Changes.
(b) [Reserved].
(c) Fee Letter. In addition to the other fees set forth herein, the Borrowers agree to pay Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, the fees set forth in the Fee Letter.
(d) Minimum Balance Fee. On the first Business Day of the first calendar month following the end of each fiscal quarter, the Borrowers agree to pay to Agent, for the ratable benefit of all Revolving Loan Lenders, the sum of the Minimum Balance Fee, if any, due for the prior fiscal quarter. The Minimum Balance Fee shall be deemed fully earned when due and payable and, once paid, shall be non-refundable.
(e) [Reserved.]
(f) [Reserved].
(g) [Reserved].
(h) Deferred Revolving Loan Origination Fee. If Lenders’ funding obligations in respect of the Revolving Loan Commitment under this Agreement terminate or are permanently reduced for any reason (whether by voluntary termination by Borrowers, by reason of the occurrence of an Event of Default or the automatic termination of the Revolving Loan Commitments (including any automatic
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termination due to the occurrence of an Event of Default described in Section 10.1(f)) or otherwise) prior to the Maturity Date, Borrowers shall pay to Agent on the date of such reduction, for the benefit of all Lenders committed to make Revolving Loans on the Closing Date, a fee as compensation for the costs of such Lenders being prepared to make funds available to Borrowers under this Agreement, equal to an amount determined by multiplying the amount of the Revolving Loan Commitment so terminated or permanently reduced by the following applicable percentage amount: (w) three percent (3.00%) for the first year following the Closing Date, (x) two percent (2.00%) for the second year following the Closing Date, (y) one percent (1.00%) for the third year following the Closing Date, and (z) zero percent (0.00%) thereafter. The fee payable pursuant to this paragraph shall not apply to or be assessed upon any permanent reduction and termination of all Revolving Loan Commitments by Borrower as a result of a refinancing of the Revolving Loan Commitments in full prior to the Maturity Date by Agent, Lenders, or an Affiliate of Agent, or an Affiliate of Lenders. All fees payable pursuant to this paragraph shall be deemed fully-earned on of the Closing Date and non-refundable once paid.
(i) Prepayment Fee. If any advance under the Term Loan is prepaid at any time, in whole or in part, for any reason (whether by voluntary prepayment by Borrower, by mandatory prepayment by Borrower, by reason of the occurrence of an Event of Default or otherwise, or if the Term Loan shall become accelerated (including any automatic acceleration due to the occurrence of an Event of Default described in Section 10.1(f)) or otherwise) and due and payable in full, Borrowers shall pay to Term Loan Servicer, for the benefit of all Term Lenders in accordance with their Pro Rata Shares, as compensation for the costs of such Lenders making funds available to Borrowers under this Agreement, a prepayment fee (the “Prepayment Fee”) calculated in accordance with this subsection. The Prepayment Fee in respect of the Term Loans shall be equal to an amount determined by multiplying the amount being prepaid (or required to be prepaid, if such amount is greater) by the following applicable percentage amount: (w) three percent (3.00%) for the first year following the Closing Date, (x) two percent (2.00%) for the second year following the Closing Date, (y) one percent (1.00%) for the third year following the Closing Date, and (z) zero percent (0.00%) thereafter. The Prepayment Fee shall not apply to or be assessed upon any prepayment made by Borrowers if such payments were required by Agent to be made (x) pursuant to Section 2.1(a)(ii)(B) subpart (i) (relating to casualty proceeds) or subpart (iii) (relating to payments exceeding the Maximum Lawful Rate) or (y) due to the Term Loans being paid in full as a result of a refinancing of the Term Loans in full prior to the Maturity Date by Agent, Lenders, an Affiliate of Agent or an Affiliate of Lenders. All fees payable pursuant to this paragraph shall be deemed fully earned as of the Closing Date and non-refundable once paid.
(j) Audit Fees. Borrowers shall pay to Agent, for its own account and not for the benefit of any other Lenders, all reasonable and documented, out-of-pocket fees and expenses in connection with audits and inspections of Borrowers’ books and records, audits, valuations or appraisals of the Collateral, audits of Borrowers’ compliance with applicable Laws and such other matters as Agent shall deem appropriate, which shall be due and payable on the first Business Day of the month following the date of issuance by Agent of a written request for payment thereof to Borrowers, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 4.6 (in the case of audits and field examinations) and Section 4.14(c) (in the case of valuations or appraisals of the Collateral).
(k) Wire Fees. Borrowers shall pay to Agent or Term Loan Servicer, for its own account and not for the account of any other Lenders, on written demand, fees for incoming and outgoing wires made for the account of Borrowers, such fees to be based on Agent’s or Term Loan Servicer’s, as applicable, then current wire fee schedule (available upon written request of the Borrowers).
(l) Late Charges. If payments of principal (other than a final installment of principal upon the Termination Date), interest due on the Obligations, or any other amounts due hereunder or under the other Financing Documents are not timely made and remain overdue for a period of five (5) days,
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Borrowers, without notice or demand by Agent, promptly shall pay to Agent, for its own account and not for the benefit of any other Lenders, as additional compensation to Agent in administering the Obligations, an amount equal to two percent (2.0%) of each delinquent payment.
(m) Computation of Interest and Related Fees. All interest and fees under each Financing Document shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. The date of funding of a Loan shall be included in the calculation of interest. The date of payment of a Loan shall be excluded from the calculation of interest. If a Loan is repaid on the same day that it is made, one (1) day’s interest shall be charged.
(n) Automated Clearing House Payments. If Agent or Term Loan Servicer (or their respective designated servicers or trustees on behalf of a securitization vehicle) so elects, monthly payments of principal, interest, fees, expenses or any other amounts due and owing from Borrower to Agent or Term Loan Servicer hereunder shall be paid to Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, by Automated Clearing House debit of immediately available funds from the financial institution account designated by Borrower Representative in the Automated Clearing House debit authorization executed by Borrowers or Borrower Representative in connection with this Agreement, and shall be effective upon receipt. Borrowers shall execute any and all forms and documentation necessary from time to time to effectuate such automatic debiting. In no event shall any such payments be refunded to Borrowers.
(o) Benchmark Replacement Setting; Conforming Changes.
(i) Upon the occurrence of a Benchmark Transition Event, Agent and Borrowers may amend this Agreement to replace the then-current Benchmark with a Benchmark Replacement. Any such amendment will become effective at 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth (5th) Business Day after Agent has posted such proposed amendment to all Lenders and Borrower so long as Agent has not received, by such time, written notice of objection thereto from Lenders comprising the Required Lenders. No such replacement will occur prior to the applicable Benchmark Transition Start Date. In connection with the implementation of a Benchmark Replacement, Agent will have the right to make Conforming Changes from time to time and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Financing Document, any amendments implementing such Conforming Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement or any other Financing Document. Agent will promptly notify Borrower Representative and the Lenders of the implementation of any Benchmark Replacement and the effectiveness of any Conforming Changes.
(ii) Any determination, decision or election that may be made by Agent or, if applicable, any Lender (or group of Lenders) pursuant to this Section will be conclusive and binding absent manifest error and may be made in its or their sole discretion and without consent from any other party to this Agreement or any other Financing Document, except, in each case, as expressly required pursuant to this Section. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Financing Document, at any time, (a) if the then-current Benchmark is a term rate (including Term SOFR) and either (i) any tenor for such Benchmark is not displayed on a screen or other information service that publishes such rate from time to time as selected by Agent in its reasonable discretion or (ii) the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of such Benchmark has provided a public statement or publication of information announcing that any tenor for such Benchmark is or will be no longer representative, then Agent may modify the definition of “Interest Period” (or any similar or analogous definition) for any Benchmark settings at or after such time to remove such unavailable or non-representative tenor, and (b) if a tenor that was removed pursuant to clause (a) above either (i) is subsequently displayed on a screen or information service for a Benchmark or (ii) is not, or is no longer, subject to an announcement that it is or will no longer be
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representative for a Benchmark, then Agent may modify the definition of “Interest Period” (or any similar or analogous definition) for all Benchmark settings at or after such time to reinstate such previously removed tenor. Agent will promptly notify Borrower Representative of the removal or reinstatement of any tenor of a Benchmark pursuant to this Section.
(p) Upon Borrower Representative’s receipt of notice of the commencement of a Benchmark Unavailability Period, any outstanding affected Loans will be deemed to have been converted into Base Rate Loans at the end of the applicable Interest Period.
Section 2.3 Notes. The portion of the Loans made by each Lender shall be evidenced, if so requested by such Lender, by one or more promissory notes executed by Borrowers on a joint and several basis (each, a “Note”) in an original principal amount equal to such Lender’s Revolving Loan Commitment Amount or Term Loan Commitments. Upon activation of an Additional Tranche in accordance with Section 2.1(c) hereof, Borrowers shall deliver to each Lender to whom Borrowers previously delivered a Note, a restated Note evidencing such Lender’s Revolving Loan Commitment Amount.
Section 2.4 Reserved.
Section 2.5 Reserved.
Section 2.6 General Provisions Regarding Payment; Loan Accounts.
(a) All payments to be made by each Credit Party under any Financing Document, including payments of principal and interest made hereunder and pursuant to any other Financing Document, and all fees, expenses, indemnities and reimbursements, shall be made without set-off, recoupment or counterclaim. If any payment hereunder becomes due and payable on a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day and, with respect to payments of principal, interest thereon shall be payable at the then applicable rate during such extension (it being understood and agreed that, solely for purposes of calculating financial covenants and computations contained herein and determining compliance therewith, if payment is made, in full, on any such extended due date, such payment shall be deemed to have been paid on the original due date without giving effect to any extension thereto). Any payments received in a Payment Account before 1:30 p.m. (Eastern time) on any date shall be deemed received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, on such date, and any payments received in the applicable Payment Account at or after 1:30 p.m. (Eastern time) on any date shall be deemed received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, on the next succeeding Business Day.
(b) Agent shall maintain a revolving loan account (the “Revolving Loan Account”) on its books to record Revolving Loans and other extensions of credit made by the Revolving Lenders hereunder or under any other Financing Document, and all payments thereon made by each Borrower. All entries in the Revolving Loan Account shall be made in accordance with Agent’s customary accounting practices as in effect from time to time. The balance in the Revolving Loan Account, as recorded in Agent’s books and records at any time shall be conclusive and binding evidence of the amounts due and owing to Agent by each Borrower absent manifest error; provided, however, that any failure to so record or any error in so recording shall not limit or otherwise affect any Borrower’s duty to pay all amounts owing hereunder or under any other Financing Document. Agent shall endeavor to provide Borrowers with a monthly statement regarding the Revolving Loan Account (but none of Agent or any Lender shall have any liability if Agent shall fail to provide any such statement). Unless any Borrower notifies Agent of any objection to any such statement (specifically describing the basis for such objection) within ninety (90) days after the date of receipt thereof, it shall be deemed final, binding and conclusive upon Borrowers in all respects as to all matters reflected therein.
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(c) Term Loan Servicer shall maintain a term loan account (the “Term Loan Account”) on its books to record Term Loans and other extensions of credit made by the Term Lenders hereunder or under any other Financing Document, and all payments thereon made by each Borrower. All entries in the Term Loan Account shall be made in accordance with Term Loan Servicer’s customary accounting practices as in effect from time to time. The balance in the Term Loan Account, as recorded in Term Loan Servicer’s books and records at any time shall be conclusive and binding evidence of the amounts due and owing to Term Loan Servicer by each Borrower absent manifest error; provided, however, that any failure to so record or any error in so recording shall not limit or otherwise affect any Borrower’s duty to pay all amounts owing hereunder or under any other Financing Document. Term Loan Servicer shall endeavor to provide Borrowers with a monthly statement regarding the Term Loan Account (but none of Term Loan Servicer or any Lender shall have any liability if Term Loan Servicer shall fail to provide any such statement). Unless any Borrower notifies Term Loan Servicer of any objection to any such statement (specifically describing the basis for such objection) within ninety (90) days after the date of receipt thereof, it shall be deemed final, binding and conclusive upon Borrowers in all respects as to all matters reflected therein.
Section 2.7 Maximum Interest. In no event shall the interest charged with respect to the Loans or any other Obligations of any Borrower under any Financing Document exceed the maximum amount permitted under the laws of the State of New York or of any other applicable jurisdiction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or elsewhere, if at any time the rate of interest payable hereunder or under any Note or other Financing Document (the “Stated Rate”) would exceed the highest rate of interest permitted under any applicable law to be charged (the “Maximum Lawful Rate”), then for so long as the Maximum Lawful Rate would be so exceeded, the rate of interest payable shall be equal to the Maximum Lawful Rate; provided, however, that if at any time thereafter the Stated Rate is less than the Maximum Lawful Rate, each Borrower shall, to the extent permitted by law, continue to pay interest at the Maximum Lawful Rate until such time as the total interest received is equal to the total interest which would have been received had the Stated Rate been (but for the operation of this provision) the interest rate payable. Thereafter, the interest rate payable shall be the Stated Rate unless and until the Stated Rate again would exceed the Maximum Lawful Rate, in which event this provision shall again apply. In no event shall the total interest received by any Lender exceed the amount which it could lawfully have received had the interest been calculated for the full term hereof at the Maximum Lawful Rate. If, notwithstanding the prior sentence, any Lender has received interest hereunder in excess of the Maximum Lawful Rate, such excess amount shall be applied to the reduction of the principal balance of the Loans or to other amounts (other than interest) payable hereunder, and if no such principal or other amounts are then outstanding, such excess or part thereof remaining shall be paid to Borrowers. In computing interest payable with reference to the Maximum Lawful Rate applicable to any Lender, such interest shall be calculated at a daily rate equal to the Maximum Lawful Rate divided by the number of days in the year in which such calculation is made.
Section 2.8 Taxes; Capital Adequacy; Increased Costs; Inability to Determine Rates; Illegality.
(a) All payments of principal and interest on the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any present or future Taxes, except as required by applicable Law. If any applicable Law (as determined in the good faith discretion of an applicable Withholding Agent) requires the deduction or withholding of any Tax from any such payment by a Withholding Agent, then the applicable Withholding Agent shall be entitled to make such deduction or withholding and shall timely pay the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Law and if any such withholding or deduction is in respect of an Indemnified Tax, then the Credit Parties shall pay such additional amount or amounts as is necessary to ensure that the net amount actually received by Agent, Term Loan Servicer and each Lender will equal the full amount such recipient would have received had no such withholding or deduction been required (including, without limitation, such withholdings and deductions applicable to additional sums payable
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under this Section 2.8). After payment of any Tax by a Credit Party to a Governmental Authority pursuant to this Section 2.8, such Credit Party shall promptly forward to Agent and Term Loan Servicer the original or a certified copy of an official receipt, a copy of the return reporting such payment, or other documentation satisfactory to Agent and Term Loan Servicer evidencing such payment to such authority. Credit Parties shall timely pay to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Law, or at the option of Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, timely reimburse Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable for the payment of, any Other Taxes.
(b) The Credit Parties shall indemnify Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders, within ten (10) days after demand thereof, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section 2.8) payable or paid by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender and any expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes and Other Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate in reasonable detail as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to Borrowers by a Lender (with a copy to Agent and Term Loan Servicer), or by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error.
(c) Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax with respect to payments made under any Financing Document shall deliver to Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer, at the time or times prescribed by applicable Law or reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, such properly completed and executed documentation reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding. In addition, any Lender, if reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable Law or reasonably requested by Borrowers, Agent or Term Loan Servicer as will enable Borrowers, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding two sentences, the completion, execution and submission of such documentation (other than such documentation set forth in Sections 2.8(c)(i), 2.8(c)(ii) and 2.8(e) below) shall not be required if in such Lender’s reasonable judgment such completion, execution or submission would subject such Lender to any material unreimbursed cost or expense or would materially prejudice the legal or commercial position of such Lender.
(i) Each Lender that is not a “United States person” (as such term is defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is a party hereto on the Closing Date or purports to become an assignee of an interest pursuant to Section 11.17(a) after the Closing Date (unless such Lender was already a Lender hereunder immediately prior to such assignment) (each such Lender a “Foreign Lender”) shall, to the extent permitted by Law, execute and deliver to Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer) whichever of the following is applicable: (A) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a party, (x) with respect to payments of interest under any Financing Document, two (2) properly completed and executed originals of United States Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Forms W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or successor form) establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding tax pursuant to the “interest” article of such tax treaty and (y) with respect to any other applicable payments under any Financing Documents, two (2) properly completed and executed originals of IRS Forms W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or successor form)
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establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding tax pursuant to the “business profits” or “other income” article of such tax treaty; (B) two (2) executed originals of IRS Form W-8ECI (or successor form); (C) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit E-1 to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, a “10 percent shareholder” of any Borrower within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code, or a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code (a “U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate”) and (y) two (2) executed originals of IRS Forms W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or successor form); (D) to the extent a Foreign Lender is not the beneficial owner, two (2) executed originals of IRS Form W-8IMY, accompanied by IRS Form W-8ECI, IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or successor form), a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit E-2 or Exhibit E-3, IRS Form W-9 (or successor form), and/or other certification documents from each beneficial owner, as applicable; provided that if the Foreign Lender is a partnership and one or more direct or indirect partners of such Foreign Lender are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, such Foreign Lender may provide a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit E-4 on behalf of each such direct and indirect partner; or (E) other applicable forms, certificates or documents prescribed by the IRS. Each Lender agrees that if any form or certification it previously delivered expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer in writing of its legal inability to do so. In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, such forms shall be delivered by each Foreign Lender upon the obsolescence or invalidity of any form previously delivered by such Foreign Lender. Each Foreign Lender shall promptly notify Borrower Representative at any time it determines that it is no longer in a position to provide any previously delivered certificate to Borrower Representative (or any other form of certification adopted by the U.S. taxing authorities for such purpose).
(ii) Each Lender that is a “United States person” (as such term is defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is a party hereto on the Closing Date or purports to become an assignee of an interest pursuant to Section 11.17(a) after the Closing Date (unless such Lender was already a Lender hereunder immediately prior to such assignment) shall, to the extent permitted by Law, provide to Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer on or prior to the date on which such Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower Representative, Term Loan Servicer or Agent), a properly completed and executed IRS Form W-9 or any successor form certifying as to such Lender’s entitlement to an exemption from U.S. backup withholding and other applicable forms, certificates or documents prescribed by the IRS or reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Term Loan Servicer or Agent. Each such Lender shall promptly notify Borrowers at any time it determines that any certificate previously delivered to Borrower Representative (or any other form of certification adopted by the U.S. governmental authorities for such purposes) is no longer valid.
(iii) Any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower Representative, Term Loan Servicer or Agent), executed copies of any other form prescribed by applicable Law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. Federal withholding Tax, duly completed, together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by applicable law to permit Borrowers, Agent or Term Loan Servicer to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made.
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(d) If any Lender determines, in its reasonable discretion, that it has received a refund in respect of any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by any Borrower pursuant to this Section 2.8 (including by the payment of additional amounts pursuant to this Section 2.8), then it shall promptly pay an amount equal to such refund to Borrowers, net of all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of such Lender or of Agent or Term Loan Servicer with respect thereto, including any Taxes; provided, however, that Borrowers, upon the written request of such Lender, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, agree to repay any amount paid over to Borrowers to such Lender or to Agent or Term Loan Servicer (plus any related penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) in the event such Lender, Agent or Term Loan Servicer is required, for any reason, to disgorge or otherwise repay such refund to such Governmental Authority. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2.8, in no event will the indemnified party be required to pay any amount to an indemnifying party pursuant to this Section 2.8(d) the payment of which would place the indemnified party in a less favorable net after-Tax position than the indemnified party would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such refund had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification payments or additional amounts with respect to such Tax had never been paid. This Section 2.8 shall not be construed to require any indemnified party to make available its Tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes that it deems confidential) to the indemnifying party or any other Person.
(e) If a payment made to a Lender under any Financing Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to Borrower Representative, Agent and Term Loan Servicer at the time or times prescribed by Law and at such time or times reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer such documentation prescribed by applicable Law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by Borrower Representative, Agent or Term Loan Servicer as may be necessary for Borrowers, Agent and Term Loan Servicer to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lender’s obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount to deduct and withhold from such payment. Solely for purposes of this clause (e), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement.
(f) Each Lender shall severally indemnify Agent and Term Loan Servicer, within ten (10) days after demand therefor, for (i) any Indemnified Taxes attributable to such Lender (but only to the extent that any Credit Party has not already indemnified Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, for such Indemnified Taxes and without limiting the obligation of the Credit Parties to do so), (ii) any Taxes attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with the provisions of Section 11.17 relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register and (iii) any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Lender, in each case, that are payable or paid by Agent or Term Loan Servicer in connection with any Financing Document, and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Each Lender hereby authorizes Agent and Term Loan Servicer to set off and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Lender under any Financing Document or otherwise payable by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, to such Lender from any other source against any amount due to Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, under this paragraph (f).
(g) If any Lender shall reasonably determine that the adoption or taking effect of, or any change in, any applicable Law regarding capital adequacy, in each instance, after the Closing Date, or any change after the Closing Date in the interpretation, administration or application thereof by any Governmental Authority, central bank or comparable agency charged with the interpretation,
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administration or application thereof, or the compliance by any Lender or any Person controlling such Lender with any request, guideline or directive regarding capital adequacy (whether or not having the force of Law) of any such Governmental Authority, central bank or comparable agency adopted or otherwise taking effect after the Closing Date, has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s or such controlling Person’s capital as a consequence of such Lender’s obligations hereunder to a level below that which such Lender or such controlling Person could have achieved but for such adoption, taking effect, change, interpretation, administration, application or compliance (taking into consideration such Lender’s or such controlling Person’s policies with respect to capital adequacy) then from time to time, upon demand by such Lender which demand shall be accompanied by a certificate setting forth the basis for such demand and a calculation of the amount thereof in reasonable detail, including the methodology and assumptions used in calculating such amount, a copy of which shall be furnished to Agent and Term Loan Servicer), Borrowers shall promptly pay to such Lender such additional amount as will compensate such Lender or such controlling Person for such reduction, so long as such amounts have accrued on or after the day which is two hundred seventy (270) days prior to the date on which such Lender first made demand therefor; provided that notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, (i) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, guidelines or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith and (ii) all requests, rules, guidelines or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States or foreign regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to be a “change in applicable Law”, regardless of the date enacted, adopted or issued.
(h) If any Lender shall reasonably determine that the adoption or taking effect of, or any change in, any applicable Law shall (i) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended or participated in by, any Lender, (ii) subject any Lender to any tax of any kind whatsoever with respect to this Agreement, or any SOFR Loan made by it, or change the basis of taxation of payments to such Lender in respect thereof (except for Taxes covered by Section 2.8); or (iii) impose on any Lender any other condition, cost or expense affecting this Agreement or SOFR Loans made by such Lender, and the result of any of the foregoing shall be to increase the cost to such Lender of making or maintaining any Loan the interest on which is determined by reference to Term SOFR (or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Loan), or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender (whether of principal, interest or any other amount) then, upon request of such Lender (which request shall be accompanied by a certificate setting forth the basis for such request and a calculation of the amount thereof in reasonable detail, including the methodology and assumptions used in calculating such amount, and which certificate shall be conclusive absent manifest error), the Borrowers will pay to such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender for such additional costs incurred or reduction suffered.
(i) If any Lender requests compensation under any of the clauses in this Section 2.8, or requires Borrowers to pay any additional amount to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.8, then, upon the written request of Borrower Representative, such Lender shall use reasonable efforts to designate a different lending office for funding or booking its Loans hereunder or to assign its rights and obligations hereunder (subject to the provisions of Section 11.17) to another of its offices, branches or affiliates, if, in the reasonable judgment of such Lender, such designation or assignment (i) would eliminate or materially reduce amounts payable pursuant to any such Section, as the case may be, in the future, (ii) would not subject such Lender to any unreimbursed cost or expense and (iii) would not otherwise be disadvantageous to such Lender (as determined in its sole good faith discretion). Without limitation of the provisions of Section 13.14, each Borrower hereby agrees to pay all reasonable and documented, out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by any Lender in connection with any such designation or assignment.
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(j) Subject to Section 2.2(o), if Agent determines (which determination shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error) that Term SOFR cannot be determined pursuant to the definition thereof on or prior to the first day of any Interest Period, Agent will promptly so notify the Borrowers and each Lender. Upon notice thereof by Agent to Borrowers, any obligation of the Lenders to make SOFR Loans shall be suspended until Agent revokes such notice. Upon receipt of such notice, any outstanding affected SOFR Loans will be deemed to have been converted into Base Rate Loans at the end of the applicable Interest Period. Upon any such conversion, Borrower shall also pay any additional amounts required pursuant to this Agreement.
(k) If any Lender determines that any Law has made it unlawful, or that any Governmental Authority has asserted that it is unlawful, for any Lender or its applicable lending office to make, maintain or fund SOFR Loans, or to determine or charge interest rates based upon Term SOFR, then, upon notice thereof by such Lender to Borrowers (through Agent), any obligation of such Lender to make SOFR Loans shall be suspended, in each case until such Lender notifies Agent and Borrower that the circumstances giving rise to such determination no longer exist. Upon receipt of such notice, all SOFR Loans shall become Base Rate Loans. Upon any such conversion, Borrower shall also pay any additional amounts required pursuant to this Agreement.
(l) Each party’s obligations under this Section 2.8 shall survive the resignation or replacement of Agent or Term Loan Servicer or any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all Obligations hereunder.
Section 2.9 Appointment of Borrower Representative.
(a) Each Borrower hereby irrevocably appoints and constitutes Borrower Representative as its agent and attorney-in-fact to request and receive Loans in the name or on behalf of such Borrower and any other Borrowers, deliver Notices of Borrowing and Borrowing Base Certificates give instructions with respect to the disbursement of the proceeds of the Loans , giving and receiving all other notices and consents hereunder or under any of the other Financing Documents and taking all other actions (including in respect of compliance with covenants) in the name or on behalf of any Borrower or Borrowers pursuant to this Agreement and the other Financing Documents. Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders may disburse the Loans to such bank account of Borrower Representative or a Borrower or otherwise make such Loans to a Borrower, in each case as Borrower Representative may designate or direct, without notice to any other Borrower. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may at any time and from time to time require that Loans to or for the account of any Borrower be disbursed directly to an operating account of such Borrower.
(b) Borrower Representative hereby accepts the appointment by Borrowers to act as the agent and attorney-in-fact of Borrowers pursuant to this Section 2.9. Borrower Representative shall ensure that the disbursement of any Loans that are at any time requested by or to be remitted to or for the account of a Borrower, shall be remitted or issued to or for the account of such Borrower.
(c) Each Borrower hereby irrevocably appoints and constitutes Borrower Representative as its agent to receive statements on account and all other notices from Agent, Term Loan Servicer and the Lenders with respect to the Obligations or otherwise under or in connection with this Agreement and the other Financing Documents.
(d) Any notice, election, representation, warranty, agreement or undertaking made or delivered by or on behalf of any Borrower by Borrower Representative shall be deemed for all purposes to have been made or delivered by such Borrower, as the case may be, and shall be binding upon and enforceable against such Borrower to the same extent as if made or delivered directly by such Borrower.
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(e) No resignation by or termination of the appointment of Borrower Representative as agent and attorney-in-fact as aforesaid shall be effective, except after ten (10) Business Days’ prior written notice to Agent and Term Loan Servicer. If the Borrower Representative resigns under this Agreement, Borrowers shall be entitled to appoint a successor Borrower Representative (which shall be a Borrower and shall be reasonably acceptable to Agent and Term Loan Servicer as such successor). Upon the acceptance of its appointment as successor Borrower Representative hereunder, such successor Borrower Representative shall succeed to all the rights, powers and duties of the retiring Borrower Representative and the term “Borrower Representative” means such successor Borrower Representative for all purposes of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents, and the retiring or terminated Borrower Representative’s appointment, powers and duties as Borrower Representative shall be thereupon terminated.
Section 2.10 Joint and Several Liability; Rights of Contribution; Subordination and Subrogation.
(a) Borrowers are defined collectively to include all Persons named as one of the Borrowers herein; provided, however, that any references herein to “any Borrower”, “each Borrower” or similar references, shall be construed as a reference to each individual Person named as one of the Borrowers herein. Each Person so named shall be jointly and severally liable for all of the obligations of Borrowers under this Agreement. Each Borrower, individually, expressly understands, agrees and acknowledges, that the credit facilities would not be made available on the terms herein in the absence of the collective credit of all of the Persons named as the Borrowers herein, the joint and several liability of all such Persons, and the cross-collateralization of the collateral of all such Persons. Accordingly, each Borrower individually acknowledges that the benefit to each of the Persons named as one of the Borrowers as a whole constitutes reasonably equivalent value, regardless of the amount of the credit facilities actually borrowed by or advanced to, or the amount of collateral provided by, any individual Borrower. In addition, each entity named as one of the Borrowers herein hereby acknowledges and agrees that all of the representations, warranties, covenants, obligations, conditions, agreements and other terms contained in this Agreement shall be applicable to and shall be binding upon and measured and enforceable individually against each Person named as one of the Borrowers herein as well as all such Persons when taken together. By way of illustration, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the terms of Section 10.1 of this Agreement are to be applied to each individual Person named as one of the Borrowers herein (as well as to all such Persons taken as a whole), such that the occurrence of any of the events described in Section 10.1 of this Agreement as to any Person named as one of the Borrowers herein shall constitute an Event of Default even if such event has not occurred as to any other Persons named as the Borrowers or as to all such Persons taken as a whole.
(b) Notwithstanding any provisions of this Agreement to the contrary, it is intended that the joint and several nature of the liability of each Borrower for the Obligations and the Liens granted by Borrowers to secure the Obligations, not constitute a Fraudulent Conveyance (as defined below). Consequently, Agent, Term Loan Servicer, Lenders and each Borrower agree that if the liability of a Borrower for the Obligations, or any Liens granted by such Borrower securing the Obligations would, but for the application of this sentence, constitute a Fraudulent Conveyance, the liability of such Borrower and the Liens securing such liability shall be valid and enforceable only to the maximum extent that would not cause such liability or such Lien to constitute a Fraudulent Conveyance, and the liability of such Borrower and this Agreement shall automatically be deemed to have been amended accordingly. For purposes hereof, the term “Fraudulent Conveyance” means a fraudulent conveyance under Section 548 of Chapter 11 of Title II of the Bankruptcy Code or a fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer under the applicable provisions of any fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer law or similar law of any state, nation or other governmental unit, as in effect from time to time.
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(c) Agent is hereby authorized, without notice or demand (except as otherwise specifically required under this Agreement) and without affecting the liability of any Borrower hereunder, at any time and from time to time, to (i) renew, extend or otherwise increase the time for payment of the Obligations; (ii) with the written agreement of any Borrower, change the terms relating to the Obligations or otherwise modify, amend or change the terms of any Note or other agreement, document or instrument now or hereafter executed by any Borrower and delivered to Agent for any Lender; (iii) accept partial payments of the Obligations; (iv) take and hold any Collateral for the payment of the Obligations or for the payment of any guaranties of the Obligations and exchange, enforce, waive and release any such Collateral; (v) apply any such Collateral and direct the order or manner of sale thereof as Agent, in its reasonable discretion, may determine; and (vi) settle, release, compromise, collect or otherwise liquidate the Obligations and any Collateral therefor in any manner, all guarantor and surety defenses being hereby waived by each Borrower. Except as specifically provided in this Agreement or any of the other Financing Documents, Agent shall have the exclusive right to determine the time and manner of application of any payments or credits, whether received from any Borrower or any other source, and such determination shall be binding on all Borrowers. All such payments and credits may be applied, reversed and reapplied, in whole or in part, to any of the Obligations that Agent shall determine, in its reasonable discretion, without affecting the validity or enforceability of the Obligations of any other Borrower.
(d) Each Borrower hereby agrees that, except as hereinafter provided, its obligations hereunder shall be unconditional, irrespective of (i) the absence of any attempt to collect the Obligations from any obligor or other action to enforce the same; (ii) the waiver or consent by Agent with respect to any provision of any instrument evidencing the Obligations, or any part thereof, or any other agreement heretofore, now or hereafter executed by a Borrower and delivered to Agent; (iii) failure by Agent to take any steps to perfect and maintain its security interest in, or to preserve its rights to, any security or collateral for the Obligations; (iv) the institution of any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code, or any similar proceeding, by or against a Borrower or Agent’s election in any such proceeding of the application of Section 1111(b)(2) of the Bankruptcy Code; (v) any borrowing or grant of a security interest by a Borrower as debtor-in-possession, under Section 364 of the Bankruptcy Code; (vi) the disallowance, under Section 502 of the Bankruptcy Code, of all or any portion of Agent’s claim(s) for repayment of any of the Obligations; or (vii) any other circumstance other than payment in full of the Obligations which might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a guarantor or surety.
(e) Borrowers hereby agree, as between themselves, that to the extent that Agent or Term Loan Servicer, on behalf of Lenders, shall have received from any Borrower any Recovery Amount (as defined below), then the paying Borrower shall have a right of contribution against each other Borrower in an amount equal to such other Borrower’s contributive share of such Recovery Amount; provided, however, that in the event any Borrower suffers a Deficiency Amount (as defined below), then the Borrower suffering the Deficiency Amount shall be entitled to seek and receive contribution from and against the other Borrowers in an amount equal to the Deficiency Amount; and provided, further, that in no event shall the aggregate amounts so reimbursed by reason of the contribution of any Borrower equal or exceed an amount that would, if paid, constitute or result in Fraudulent Conveyance. Until all Obligations have been paid and satisfied in full (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made), no payment made by or for the account of a Borrower including, without limitation, (i) a payment made by such Borrower on behalf of the liabilities of any other Borrower, or (ii) a payment made by any other Guarantor under any Guarantee, shall entitle such Borrower, by subrogation or otherwise, to any payment from such other Borrower or from or out of such other Borrower’s property. The right of each Borrower to receive any contribution under this Section 2.10(e) or by subrogation or otherwise from any other Borrower shall be subordinate in right of payment to the Obligations and such Borrower shall not exercise any right or remedy against such other Borrower or any property of such other Borrower by reason of any performance of such Borrower of its joint and several obligations
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hereunder, until the Obligations (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made) have been indefeasibly paid and satisfied in full, and no Borrower shall exercise any right or remedy with respect to this Section 2.10(e) until the Obligations (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made) have been indefeasibly paid and satisfied in full. As used in this Section 2.10(e), the term “Recovery Amount” means the amount of proceeds received by or credited to Agent or Term Loan Servicer from the exercise of any remedy of the Lenders under this Agreement or the other Financing Documents, including, without limitation, the sale of any Collateral. As used in this Section 2.10(e), the term “Deficiency Amount” means any amount that is less than the entire amount a Borrower is entitled to receive by way of contribution or subrogation from, but that has not been paid by, the other Borrowers in respect of any Recovery Amount attributable to the Borrower entitled to contribution, until the Deficiency Amount has been reduced to Zero Dollars ($0) through contributions and reimbursements made under the terms of this Section 2.10(e) or otherwise.
Section 2.11 Collections and Lockbox Account.
(a) Borrowers shall establish and maintain a segregated Deposit Account and/or lockbox (collectively, the “Lockbox”) with a United States depository institution reasonably acceptable to Agent (the “Lockbox Bank”), subject to the provisions of this Agreement, and shall execute with the Lockbox Bank a Deposit Account Control Agreement and such other agreements related to such Lockbox as Agent may require. Borrowers shall ensure that all collections of Accounts are paid directly from Account Debtors (i) into the Lockbox for deposit into the Lockbox Account and/or (ii) directly into the Lockbox Account; provided, however, that unless Agent shall otherwise direct by written notice to Borrowers, Borrowers shall be permitted to cause Account Debtors who are individuals to pay Accounts directly to Borrowers, which Borrowers shall then administer and apply in the manner required below. All funds deposited into a Lockbox Account shall be transferred (x) during any Cash Dominion Period, into the Revolving Loan Payment Account by the close of each Business Day, or (y) on any Business Day not occurring during a Cash Dominion Period, at the Borrower’s option, into a Borrower operating Deposit Account subject to a Deposit Account Control Agreement.
(b) [Reserved.]
(c) Notwithstanding anything in any lockbox agreement or Deposit Account Control Agreement to the contrary, Borrowers agree that they shall be liable for any fees and charges in effect from time to time and charged by the Lockbox Bank in connection with the Lockbox, the Lockbox Account, and that Agent shall have no liability therefor. Borrowers hereby indemnify and agree to hold Agent harmless from any and all liabilities, claims, losses and demands whatsoever, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, arising from or relating to actions of Agent or the Lockbox Bank pursuant to this Section or any lockbox agreement or Deposit Account Control Agreement or similar agreement, except to the extent of such losses arising solely from Agent’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.
(d) During any Cash Dominion Period, Agent shall apply, on a daily basis, all funds transferred into the Revolving Loan Payment Account pursuant to this Section 2.11 to reduce the outstanding Revolving Loans in such order of application as Agent shall elect. If as the result of collections of Accounts pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Section, a credit balance exists with respect to the Revolving Loan Account, such credit balance shall not accrue interest in favor of Borrowers, but Agent shall transfer such funds into an account designated by Borrower Representative for so long as no Event of Default exists.
(e) To the extent that any collections of Accounts or proceeds of other Collateral are not sent directly to the Lockbox or Lockbox Account but are received by any Borrower during a Cash Dominion Period, such collections shall be held in trust for the benefit of Agent pursuant to an express
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trust created hereby and immediately remitted, in the form received, to applicable Lockbox or Lockbox Account. No such funds received by any Borrower shall be commingled with other funds of the Credit Parties.
(f) Borrowers acknowledge and agree that compliance with the terms of this Section is essential, and that Agent and Lenders will suffer immediate and irreparable injury and have no adequate remedy at law, if, at any time following the initial borrowing of Revolving Loans, any Borrower, through acts or omissions, causes or permits Account Debtors to send payments other than to the Lockbox or Lockbox Accounts or if any Borrower fails to promptly deposit collections of Accounts or proceeds of other Collateral in the Lockbox Account as herein required. Accordingly, in addition to all other rights and remedies of Agent and Lenders hereunder, Agent shall have the right to seek specific performance of the Borrowers’ obligations under this Section, and any other equitable relief as Agent may deem necessary or appropriate, and Borrowers waive any requirement for the posting of a bond in connection with such equitable relief.
(g) Borrowers shall not, and Borrowers shall not suffer or permit any Credit Party to, (i) withdraw any amounts from any Lockbox Account at any time during a Cash Dominion Period, (ii) change the procedures or sweep instructions under the agreements governing any Lockbox Accounts, or (iii) send to or deposit in any Lockbox Account any funds other than payments made with respect to and proceeds of Accounts or other Collateral.
(h) Upon Agent’s written request following the occurrence and during the continuance of a Cash Dominion Event, Borrowers shall promptly (and in any event within 5 Business Days) execute an amendment to the Deposit Account Control Agreement with respect to any Lockbox Account and Lockbox providing that the Lockbox Bank shall wire, or otherwise transfer, in immediately available funds, on a daily basis to the Revolving Loan Payment Account all funds received or deposited into such Lockbox Account.
(i) The Credit Parties shall cooperate with Agent in the identification and reconciliation on a daily basis of all amounts received in or required to be deposited into the Lockbox Accounts. If more than five percent (5.0%) of the collections of Accounts received by Borrowers during any given thirty (30) day period is not identified or reconciled to the reasonable satisfaction of Agent within fifteen (15) Business Days of receipt, Agent shall not be obligated to make further advances under this Agreement until such amount is identified or is reconciled to the reasonable satisfaction of Agent, as the case may be. In addition, if any such amount cannot be identified or reconciled to the reasonable satisfaction of Agent, Agent may utilize its own staff or, if it deems necessary, engage an outside auditor, in either case at Borrowers’ expense (which in the case of Agent’s own staff shall be in accordance with Agent’s then prevailing customary charges (plus expenses)), to make such examination and report as may be necessary to identify and reconcile such amount.
(j) If any Borrower breaches its obligation to direct payments of the proceeds of the Collateral to the Lockbox Account, Agent, as the irrevocably made, constituted and appointed true and lawful attorney for Borrowers, may, by the signature or other act of any of Agent’s authorized representatives (without requiring any of them to do so), direct any Account Debtor to pay proceeds of the Collateral to Borrowers by directing payment to the Lockbox Account.
(k) Irrespective of whether a Cash Dominion Event has occurred or the Cash Dominion Period is in effect, nothing in this Section 2.11 shall be deemed to limit any of Agent or Lenders remedies following an Event of Default under this Agreement, any Deposit Account Control Agreement or any other Financing Document or under applicable Law.
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(l) Nothing in this Section 2.11 shall limit the rights of Agents and Lenders to exercise or enforce their rights and remedies under the Financing Documents or under applicable Law, including with respect to delivering any notice of exclusive control (or similar notice) under any Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement or taking any enforcement action with respect to any Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts following the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default.
Section 2.12 Termination; Restriction on Termination.
(a) Termination by Lenders. In addition to the rights set forth in Section 10.2, Agent may, and at the direction of Required Lenders shall, terminate this Agreement without notice upon or after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default.
(b) Termination by Borrowers. Upon at least ten (10) Business Day’ prior written notice and pursuant to payoff documentation in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders, Borrowers may, at their option, terminate this Agreement; provided, however, that no such termination shall be effective until Borrowers have complied with Section 2.12(c) and the Obligations, including the payment of all fees due and owing under any Fee Letter, are paid in full (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made). Any notice of termination given by Borrowers shall be irrevocable unless all Lenders otherwise agree in writing and no Lender shall have any obligation to make any Loans on or after the termination date stated in such notice. Borrowers may elect to terminate this Agreement in its entirety only. No section of this Agreement or type of Loan available hereunder may be terminated singly.
(c) Effectiveness of Termination. All of the Obligations shall be immediately due and payable upon the Termination Date. All undertakings, agreements, covenants, warranties and representations of the Credit Parties contained in the Financing Documents shall survive any such termination and Agent shall retain its Liens in the Collateral and Agent, Term Loan Servicer and each Lender shall retain all of its rights and remedies under the Financing Documents notwithstanding such termination until all Obligations have been discharged or paid, in full, in immediately available funds, including, without limitation, all Obligations under Section 2.2 and the terms of any Fee Letter resulting from such termination (in each case, other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made). Notwithstanding the foregoing or the payment in full of the Obligations, Agent shall not be required to terminate its Liens in the Collateral unless, with respect to any loss or damage Agent may incur as a result of dishonored checks or other items of payment received by Agent from Credit Parties or any Account Debtor and applied to the Obligations, Agent shall have retained cash Collateral or other Collateral for such period of time as Agent, in its discretion, may deem necessary to protect Agent and each Lender from any such loss or damage. Upon the payment in full, in cash in immediately available funds, of all Obligations and the termination of the Revolving Loan Commitments and Term Loan Commitments, as Borrower may reasonably request, Agent shall, at Borrower’s sole cost and expense, execute and deliver such documents evidencing the release and termination of the security interest in the Collateral granted under this Agreement and the other Financing Documents pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of any applicable payoff documentation.
Article 3 - REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
To induce Agent and Lenders to enter into this Agreement and to make the Loans and other credit accommodations contemplated hereby, each Borrower and each Credit Party party hereto, hereby represents and warrants to Agent and each Lender that:
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Section 3.1 Existence and Power. Each Credit Party (a) is an entity as specified on Schedule 3.1, (b) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization specified on Schedule 3.1, (c) has the same legal name as it appears in such Credit Party’s Organizational Documents and an organizational identification number (if any), in each case as specified on Schedule 3.1, (d) has all powers to own its assets and has powers and all Permits necessary or desirable in the operation of its business as presently conducted or as proposed to be conducted, except where the failure to have such powers or Permits could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (e) is qualified to do business as a foreign entity in each jurisdiction in which it is required to be so qualified, which jurisdictions as of the Closing Date are specified on Schedule 3.1, except in the case of this clause (e) where the failure to be so qualified could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1, no Credit Party (x) has had, over the five (5) year period preceding the Closing Date, any name other than its current name, or (y) was incorporated or organized under the laws of any jurisdiction other than its current jurisdiction of incorporation or organization.
Section 3.2 Organization and Governmental Authorization; No Contravention. The execution, delivery and performance by each Credit Party of the Financing Documents to which it is a party (a) are within its powers, (b) have been duly authorized by all necessary action pursuant to its Organizational Documents, (c) require no further action by or in respect of, or filing with, any Governmental Authority other than (i) recordings, filings and other perfection actions in connection with the Liens granted to Agent under this Agreement or any Security Document and (ii) those obtained or made on or prior to the Closing Date and (d) do not violate, conflict with or cause a breach or a default under (i) any Law applicable to any Credit Party, (ii) any of the Organizational Documents of any Credit Party, or (iii) any agreement or instrument binding upon it, except for such violations, conflicts, breaches or defaults as could not, with respect to this clause (iii), reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.3 Binding Effect. Each of the Financing Documents to which any Credit Party is a party constitutes a valid and binding agreement or instrument of such Credit Party, enforceable against such Credit Party in accordance with its respective terms, except as the enforceability thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar laws relating to the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles. Each Financing Document has been duly executed and delivered by each Credit Party party thereto.
Section 3.4 Capitalization. The issued and outstanding equity securities of each of the Credit Parties (other than CeriBell) as of the Closing Date are as set forth on Schedule 3.4. All issued and outstanding Equity Interest of each of the Credit Parties are duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid, nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens other than those in favor of Agent for the benefit of Agent and Lenders, and such equity securities were issued in compliance with all applicable Laws. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.4, as of the Closing Date there are no preemptive or other outstanding rights, options, warrants, conversion rights or similar agreements or understandings for the purchase or acquisition from any Credit Party (other than CeriBell) of any equity securities of any such entity.
Section 3.5 Financial Information. All information delivered to Agent and pertaining to the financial condition of any Credit Party fairly in all material respects presents the financial position of such Credit Party as of such date and for such period then ended in conformity with GAAP (and as to unaudited financial statements, subject to normal year-end adjustments and the absence of footnote disclosures). Since December 31, 2025 there has been (a) no material adverse change in the business, operations, properties, or financial condition of any Credit Party and (b) no fact, event or circumstance that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
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Section 3.6 Litigation. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.6 as of the Closing Date, and except as hereafter disclosed to Agent in writing, there is no Litigation pending against, or to such Borrower’s knowledge threatened in writing against, any Credit Party or any of their Subsidiaries, which, if adversely determined, could reasonably be expected to result in any judgment or liability of more than Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000). There is no Litigation pending in which an adverse decision could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or which in any manner draws into question the validity of any of the Financing Documents.
Section 3.7 Ownership of Property. Each Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries is the lawful sole owner of, has good and marketable title to and is in lawful possession of, or has valid leasehold interests in, all material properties, accounts and other assets (real or personal, tangible, intangible or mixed) purported or reported to be owned or leased (as the case may be) by such Person.
Section 3.8 No Default. No Event of Default, or to such Borrower’s knowledge, Default, has occurred and is continuing. No Credit Party is in breach or default under or with respect to any contract, agreement, lease or other instrument to which it is a party or by which its property is bound or affected, which breach or default could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.9 Labor Matters. As of the Closing Date, there are no strikes or other labor disputes pending or, to any Borrower’s knowledge, threatened in writing against any Credit Party, which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Hours worked and payments made to the employees of the Credit Parties have not been in material violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act or any other applicable Law dealing with such matters. All payments due from the Credit Parties, or for which any claim may be made against any of them, on account of wages and employee and retiree health and welfare insurance and other benefits have been paid or accrued as a liability on their books, as the case may be. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents will not give rise to a right of termination or right of renegotiation on the part of any union under any collective bargaining agreement to which it is a party or by which it is bound, the result of which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.10 Investment Company Act. No Credit Party is an “investment company” or a company “controlled” by an “investment company” or a “subsidiary” of an “investment company,” all within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Section 3.11 Margin Regulations.
(a) The Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries do not own any stock, partnership interest or other equity securities, except for Permitted Investments. Without limiting the foregoing, the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries do not own or hold any Margin Stock.
(b) None of the proceeds from the Loans have been or will be used, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any Margin Stock, for the purpose of reducing or retiring any indebtedness which was originally incurred to purchase or carry any Margin Stock or for any other purpose which might cause any of the Loans to be considered a “purpose credit” within the meaning of Regulation T, U or X of the Federal Reserve Board.
Section 3.12 Compliance With Laws; Anti-Terrorism Laws.
(a) Each Credit Party is in compliance with the requirements of all applicable Laws, (including all applicable Healthcare Laws), except for such Laws the noncompliance with which could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
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(b) None of the Credit Parties and, to the knowledge of the Credit Parties, none of their Affiliates (i) is in violation of any Anti-Terrorism Law, (ii) engages in or conspires to engage in any transaction that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in any Anti-Terrorism Law, (iii) is a Blocked Person, or is controlled by a Blocked Person, (iv) is acting or will act for or on behalf of a Blocked Person, (v) is associated with, or will become associated with, a Blocked Person or (vi) is providing, or will provide, material, financial or technical support or other services to or in support of acts of terrorism of a Blocked Person. No Credit Party nor, to the knowledge of any Credit Party, any of its Affiliates or agents acting or benefiting in any capacity in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (A) conducts any business or engages in making or receiving any contribution of funds, goods or services directly or indirectly to or for the benefit of any Blocked Person or Sanctioned Country, or (B) deals in, or otherwise engages in any transaction directly or indirectly relating to, any property or interest in property blocked pursuant to Executive Order No. 13224, any similar executive order or other Anti-Terrorism Law.
Section 3.13 Taxes. All federal income and franchise tax returns, reports and statements, all state and local income and franchise tax returns, reports and statements and all other material federal, state and local tax returns, reports and statements required to be filed by or on behalf of each Credit Party have been filed with the appropriate Governmental Authorities in all jurisdictions in which such returns, reports and statements are required to be filed and, except to the extent subject to a Permitted Contest, all Taxes (including real property Taxes) and other charges shown to be due and payable in respect thereof have been timely paid prior to the date on which any fine, penalty, interest, late charge or loss may be added thereto for nonpayment thereof. Except to the extent subject to a Permitted Contest, all state and local sales and use Taxes required to be paid by each Credit Party have been paid. All federal and state returns have been filed by each Credit Party for all periods for which returns were due with respect to employee income tax withholding, social security and unemployment taxes, and, except to the extent subject to a Permitted Contest, the amounts shown thereon to be due and payable have been paid in full or adequate provisions therefor have been made.
Section 3.14 Compliance with ERISA.
(a) Each ERISA Plan (and the related trusts and funding agreements) complies in form and in operation with, has been administered in compliance with, and the terms of each ERISA Plan satisfy, the applicable requirements of ERISA and the Code in all material respects. Each ERISA Plan which is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and the United States Internal Revenue Service has issued a favorable determination letter with respect to each such ERISA Plan which may be relied on currently. No Credit Party has incurred liability for any material excise tax under any of Sections 4971 through 5000 of the Code.
(b) Except as could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, each Credit Party and each Subsidiary is in compliance with the applicable provisions of ERISA and the provision of the Code relating to ERISA Plans and the regulations and published interpretations therein. During the thirty-six (36) month period prior to the Closing Date or the making of any Loan (i) no steps have been taken to terminate any Pension Plan, and (ii) no contribution failure has occurred with respect to any Pension Plan sufficient to give rise to a Lien under Section 303(k) of ERISA or Section 430(k) of the Code and no event has occurred that would give rise to a Lien under Section 4068 of ERISA. No condition exists or event or transaction has occurred with respect to any Pension Plan which could result in the incurrence by any Credit Party of any material liability, fine or penalty. No Credit Party has incurred liability to the PBGC (other than for current premiums) with respect to any employee Pension Plan. All contributions (if any) have been made on a timely basis to any Multiemployer Plan that are required to be made by any Credit Party or any other member of the Controlled Group under the terms of the plan or of any collective bargaining agreement
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or by applicable Law; no Credit Party nor any member of the Controlled Group has withdrawn or partially withdrawn from any Multiemployer Plan, incurred any withdrawal liability with respect to any such plan or received notice of any claim or demand for withdrawal liability or partial withdrawal liability from any such plan, and no condition has occurred which, if continued, could result in a withdrawal or partial withdrawal from any such plan, and no Credit Party nor any member of the Controlled Group has received any notice that any Multiemployer Plan is in reorganization, that increased contributions may be required to avoid a reduction in plan benefits or the imposition of any excise tax, that any such plan is or has been funded at a rate less than that required under Section 412 of the Code, that any such plan is or may be terminated, or that any such plan is or may become insolvent.
Section 3.15 Consummation of Financing Documents; Brokers. Except for fees payable to Agent, Term Loan Servicer and/or Lenders, no broker, finder or other intermediary has brought about the obtaining, making or closing of the transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents, and no Credit Party has or will have any obligation to any Person in respect of any finder’s or brokerage fees, commissions or other expenses in connection herewith or therewith.
Section 3.16 [Reserved].
Section 3.17 Material Contracts. Except for the agreements set forth on Schedule 3.17, as of the Closing Date there are no Material Contracts. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents will not give rise to a right of termination in favor of any party to any Material Contract (other than any Credit Party), except for such Material Contracts the noncompliance with which would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.18 Compliance with Environmental Requirements; No Hazardous Materials. Except in each case as set forth on Schedule 3.18:
(a) no notice, notification, demand, request for information, citation, summons, complaint or order has been issued, no complaint has been filed, no penalty has been assessed and no investigation or review is pending, or to such Credit Party’s knowledge, threatened in writing by any Governmental Authority or other Person with respect to any (i) alleged violation by any Credit Party of any Environmental Law, (ii) alleged failure by any Credit Party to have any Permits required in connection with the conduct of its business or to comply with the terms and conditions thereof, (iii) any generation, treatment, storage, recycling, transportation or disposal of any Hazardous Materials, or (iv) release of Hazardous Materials, in each case except where the failure to obtain such document could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and
(b) no property now owned or leased by any Credit Party and, to the knowledge of each Credit Party, no such property previously owned or leased by any Credit Party, to which any Credit Party has, directly or indirectly, transported or arranged for the transportation of any Hazardous Materials in violation of applicable Law, is listed or, to such Credit Party’s knowledge, proposed for listing, on the National Priorities List promulgated pursuant to CERCLA, or CERCLIS (as defined in CERCLA) or any similar state list or is the subject of federal, state or local enforcement actions or, to the knowledge of such Credit Party, other investigations which may lead to claims against any Credit Party for clean-up costs, remedial work, damage to natural resources or personal injury claims, including, without limitation, claims under CERCLA, which claims could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
For purposes of this Section 3.18, each Credit Party shall be deemed to include any business or business entity (including a corporation) that is, in whole or in part, a predecessor of such Credit Party.
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Section 3.19 Intellectual Property and License Agreements. A list of all Registered Intellectual Property of each Credit Party and all material in-bound license or sublicense agreements, and exclusive out-bound license or sublicense agreements (but, in each case, excluding in-bound licenses of over-the-counter and other software that is commercially available to the public and open source licenses in the Ordinary Course of Business), as of the Closing Date and, as updated pursuant to Section 4.15, is set forth on Schedule 3.19. Except for Permitted Licenses and Permitted Liens arising by operation of law, each Credit Party is the sole owner of its material Intellectual Property free and clear of any Liens. Each material patent owned or licensed by any Credit Party is valid and enforceable in all material respects and no part of the Material Intangible Assets has been judged invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, and to the best of Credit Parties’ knowledge, no claim has been made that any part of the Intellectual Property violates the rights of any third party in any material respect.
Section 3.20 Solvency. After giving effect to the Loan advance and the liabilities and obligations of each Credit Party under the Financing Documents, each Borrower and each additional Credit Party is Solvent.
Section 3.21 Full Disclosure. None of the written information (financial or otherwise) furnished by or on behalf of any Credit Party to Agent or any Lender in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents, contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements contained herein or therein not misleading in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made. All financial projections delivered to Agent and the Lenders by Credit Parties (or their agents) have been prepared on the basis of the assumptions stated therein. Such projections represent each Credit Party’s best estimate of such Credit Party’s future financial performance and such assumptions are believed by such Credit Party to be fair and reasonable in light of current business conditions; provided, however, that Credit Parties can give no assurance that such projections will be attained. Agent and each Lender acknowledges and agrees that all financial performance projections delivered to Agent represent Borrowers’ best good faith estimate of future financial performance and are based on assumptions believed by Credit Parties to be fair and reasonable in light of current market conditions, it being acknowledged and agreed by Agent and Lenders that projections as to future events are not to be viewed as facts and that the actual results during the period or periods covered by such projections may differ from the projected results.
Section 3.22 Reserved.
Section 3.23 Subsidiaries. Credit Parties do not own any stock, partnership interests, limited liability company interests or other equity securities or Subsidiaries except for Permitted Investments.
Section 3.24 Accuracy of Schedules. All information set forth in the Schedules to this Agreement is true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of the Closing Date. All information set forth in the Perfection Certificate is true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of the Closing Date and any other subsequent date in which Borrower is required to update such certificate.
Section 3.25 Eligible Account; Eligible Inventory.
(a) As to each Account that is identified by Borrowers as an Eligible Account in a Borrowing Base Certificate submitted to Agent, such Account is (i) a bona fide existing payment obligation of the applicable Account Debtor created by the sale and delivery of Inventory or the rendition of services to such Account Debtor in the Ordinary Course of Business of the applicable Borrower, (ii) owed to the applicable Borrower without any known defenses, disputes, offsets, counterclaims, or rights of return or cancellation, and (iii) not excluded as ineligible by virtue of one or more of the excluding criteria set forth in the definition of “Eligible Account”.
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(b) As to each item of Inventory that is identified by the applicable Borrowers as Eligible Inventory in a Borrowing Base Certificate submitted to Agent, such Inventory is (a) of good and merchantable quality, free from known defects, (b) not excluded as ineligible by virtue of one or more of the excluding criteria (set forth in the definition of “Eligible Inventory”), and (c) otherwise constitutes “Eligible Inventory” under such definition.
Section 3.26 Regulatory Matters.
(a) All of Credit Parties’ and their Subsidiaries’ material Products and material Regulatory Required Permits (limited to those Regulatory Required Permits the loss of which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect) are listed on Schedule 4.17 on the Closing Date. With respect to each material Product, (i) the Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries have received, and such Product is the subject of, all Regulatory Required Permits needed in connection with the testing, manufacture, marketing or sale of such Product as currently being conducted by or on behalf of the Credit Parties, and have provided Agent with all notices and other information required by Section 4.1, and (ii) such Product is being tested, manufactured, marketed or sold, as the case may be, by Credit Parties (or to the Credit Parties’ knowledge, by any applicable third parties) in material compliance with all applicable Laws and Regulatory Required Permits.
(b) None of the Credit Parties or any Subsidiary thereof are in violation of any Healthcare Law, except where such violation would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(c) To the Credit Parties’ knowledge, none of the Credit Parties or their Subsidiaries’ officers, directors, employees, shareholders, their agents or affiliates has made an untrue statement of material fact or fraudulent statement to the FDA or failed to disclose a material fact required to be disclosed to the FDA, committed an act, made a statement, or failed to make a statement that could reasonably be expected to provide a basis for the FDA to invoke its policy respecting “Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities,” set forth in 56 Fed. Regulation 46191 (September 10, 1991).
(d) Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, each Product (i) has been and/or shall be manufactured, imported, possessed, owned, warehoused, marketed, promoted, sold, labeled, furnished, distributed and marketed and each service has been conducted in accordance with all applicable Permits and Laws; and (ii) has been and/or shall be manufactured in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices.
(e) No Credit Party, nor any Subsidiary thereof, is subject to any proceeding, suit or, to any Credit Party’s knowledge, investigation by any federal, state or local government or quasi-governmental body, agency, board or authority or any other administrative or investigative body (including the Office of the Inspector General of the United States Department of Health and Human Services),which could reasonably be expected to result in the revocation, transfer, surrender, suspension of any material Permits of Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof or otherwise be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(f) As of the Closing Date, there have been no Regulatory Reporting Events.
Section 3.27 Senior Indebtedness Status. The Obligations of each Credit Party under this Agreement and each of the other Financing Documents ranks and shall continue to rank at least senior in priority of payment to all Debt that is contractually subordinated to the Obligations of each such Person under this Agreement and is designated as “Senior Indebtedness” (or an equivalent term) under all
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instruments and documents, now or in the future, relating to all Debt that is contractually subordinated to the Obligations under this Agreement of each such Person.
Article 4 - AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
Each Credit Party agrees that:
Section 4.1 Financial Statements, Other Reports and Notices. The Credit Parties will deliver to Agent:
(a) as soon as available, but no later than forty-five (45) days after the last day of each fiscal quarter, or, with respect to the fourth fiscal quarter and fiscal year end, ninety (90) days after the last day of such fiscal quarter, a company prepared consolidated and consolidating balance sheet, cash flow and income statement (including year-to-date results) covering CeriBell and its Consolidated Subsidiaries’ consolidated and consolidating operations during the period, prepared in accordance with GAAP (subject to normal year-end adjustments and the absence of footnote disclosures), consistently applied, setting forth in comparative form the corresponding figures as at the end of the corresponding fiscal quarter of the previous fiscal year and the projected figures for such period based upon the projections required hereunder, all in reasonable detail, certified by a Responsible Officer and in a form reasonably acceptable to Agent; provided that the filing by Borrower with the SEC of a Form 10-Q or Form 10-K containing the information required by this clause (a) shall be deemed to satisfy the delivery requirements of this clause (a) to the extent such filing contains the required information and is publicly available;
(b) [reserved];
(c) as soon as available, but no later than 90 days after the last day of CeriBell’s fiscal year, audited consolidated and consolidating financial statements prepared under GAAP, consistently applied, together with an unqualified opinion (other than a going concern qualification based solely on (i) the upcoming maturity date of the Debt under this Agreement occurring within 12 months of the date of such audit or (ii) Borrower having negative profits or a determination that Borrower has less than twelve months liquidity) on the financial statements from an independent certified public accounting firm acceptable to Agent in its reasonable discretion; provided that the filing by Borrower with the SEC of a Form 10-K containing the information required by this clause (c) shall be deemed to satisfy the delivery requirements of this clause (c) to the extent such filing contains the required information and is publicly available;
(d) within ten (10) days of delivery or filing thereof, copies of all statements, reports and notices made available to such Credit Party’s security holders or to any holders of Subordinated Debt and copies of all reports and other filings made by such Credit Party with any stock exchange on which any securities of any Credit Party are traded and/or the SEC; provided that to the extent any of the foregoing is available on the SEC EDGAR website, delivery to Agent will be deemed to have been delivered on the date (i) on which such materials are publicly available as posted on the SEC EDGAR website and Borrower Representative posts such documents, or provides a link thereto, on Borrower Representative’s website on the Internet at Borrower Representative’s website address;
(e) a prompt, but in no event later than when the next Compliance Certificate is required to be delivered, written report of any legal actions pending or threatened in writing against any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries that could reasonably be expected to result in damages or costs to any Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) or more or otherwise could be reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
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(f) prompt written notice of an event that materially and adversely affects the value of any Material Intangible Asset;
(g) within sixty (60) days after the start of each fiscal year, projections for the forthcoming two fiscal years, on a quarterly basis for the current year and on an annual basis for the subsequent year;
(h) promptly (but in any event within ten (10) days of any request therefor) such readily available other budgets, sales projections, operating plans and other financial information and information, reports or statements regarding the Credit Parties, their business and the Collateral as Agent may from time to time reasonably request;
(i) (x) together with each delivery of financial statements pursuant to clause (a) above and with respect to the fourth fiscal quarter and fiscal year end within forty-five (45) days after the last day of such fiscal quarter, deliver to Agent a duly completed Compliance Certificate signed by a Responsible Officer setting forth calculations showing compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Article 6, and (y) by the date that is fifteen (15) days following the end of each calendar month, deliver to Agent a written statement setting forth the monthly cash and Cash Equivalents of the Credit Parties taken as a whole as of the last day of the month for which such statement is delivered;
(j) within fifteen (15) days after the last day of such month, deliver to Agent a duly completed Borrowing Base Certificate signed by a Responsible Officer, with aged listings of accounts receivable and accounts payable (by invoice date);
(k) written notice to Agent promptly, but in any event within ten (10) Business Days of a Responsible Officer of a Credit Party receiving written notice or otherwise becoming aware that:
(i) any development, testing, and/or manufacturing of any Product that is material to the Credit Parties’ or their Subsidiaries business should cease;
(ii) the marketing or sales of a Product, which is material to the Credit Parties’ or their Subsidiaries’ business and which has been approved for marketing and sale, should cease (or be required to cease) or such Product should be withdrawn from the marketplace;
(iii) any Governmental Authority is conducting an investigation or review (other than routine reviews in the Ordinary Course of Business) of any Regulatory Required Permit the loss of which could be reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
(iv) any Regulatory Required Permit, the loss of which could be reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, has been revoked or withdrawn;
(v) any Governmental Authority, including without limitation the FDA, the Office of the Inspector General of HHS or the United States Department of Justice, has commenced any action against a Credit Party or a Subsidiary thereof, any action to enjoin a Credit Party or a Subsidiary thereof from conducting their businesses at any facility owned or used by them or for any material civil penalty, injunction, seizure or criminal action;
(vi) receipt by a Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, or any material contract manufacturer for the Credit Parties or any of their Subsidiaries, from the FDA a warning letter, Form FDA-483, “Untitled Letter,” other correspondence or notice setting forth alleged violations
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of laws and regulations enforced by the FDA with regard to any material Product or the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding thereof;
(vii) any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof receives any payments directly (including through any third party payment processor) from Medicare, Medicaid, or TRICARE;
(viii) any significant failures in the manufacturing of any material Product have occurred such that the amount of such Product successfully manufactured in accordance with all specifications thereof and the required payments to be made to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary therefor in any month shall decrease significantly with respect to the quantities of such Product and payments produced in the prior month; or
(ix) any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof engaging in any Recalls, Market Withdrawals, or other forms of product retrieval from the marketplace of any Products (other than discrete batches or lots that are not material in quantity or amount and are not made in conjunction with a larger recall) (each of the events set forth in clauses (i)-(ix) a “Regulatory Reporting Event”);
(l) promptly after the request by any Lender, all documentation and other information that such Lender reasonably requests in order to comply with its ongoing obligations under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the USA PATRIOT Act; and
(m) promptly, but in any event within five (5) Business Days, after any Responsible Officer of any Credit Party obtains knowledge of the occurrence of any event or change (including, without limitation, any notice of any violation of applicable Healthcare Laws) that has resulted or would reasonably be expected to result in, either in any case or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, a certificate of a Responsible Officer specifying the nature and period of existence of any such event or change, or specifying the notice given or action taken by such holder or Person and the nature of such event or change, and what action the applicable Credit Party or Subsidiary has taken, is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.
Section 4.2 Payment and Performance of Obligations. Each Credit Party (a) will pay and discharge, and cause each Subsidiary to pay and discharge, on a timely basis as and when due, all of their respective obligations and liabilities, except for such obligations and/or liabilities (i) that may be the subject of a Permitted Contest, and (ii) the nonpayment or nondischarge of which could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or result in a Lien against any Collateral, except for Permitted Liens, (b) without limiting anything contained in the foregoing clause (a), pay all amounts due and owing in respect of (i) all federal Taxes (including without limitation, payroll and withholdings tax liabilities) and (ii) all material foreign and state Taxes and other local Taxes (including without limitation, payroll and withholdings tax liabilities), in each case, on a timely basis as and when due, and in any case prior to the date on which any fine, penalty, interest, late charge or loss may be added thereto for nonpayment thereof, (c) will maintain, and cause each Subsidiary to maintain, in accordance with GAAP, appropriate reserves for the accrual of all of their respective obligations and liabilities, and (d) will not breach or permit any Subsidiary to breach, or permit to exist any default under, the terms of any lease, commitment, contract, instrument or obligation to which it is a party, or by which its properties or assets are bound, except for such breaches or defaults which could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.3 Maintenance of Existence. Each Credit Party will preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect and in good standing, and will cause each Subsidiary to preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect and in good standing, (a) their respective existence and (b) their respective rights, privileges
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and franchises necessary or desirable in the normal conduct of business, unless, solely in the case of this clause (b), a failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.4 Maintenance of Property; Insurance.
(a) Each Credit Party will keep, and will cause each Subsidiary to keep, all property useful and necessary in its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted. If all or any part of the Collateral useful or necessary in its business, or upon which any Borrowing Base is calculated, becomes damaged or destroyed, each Credit Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, promptly and completely replace, repair and/or restore the affected Collateral in a good and workmanlike manner, regardless of whether Agent agrees to disburse insurance proceeds or other sums to pay costs of the work of repair or reconstruction.
(b) Upon completion of any Permitted Contest, Credit Parties shall, and will cause each Subsidiary to, promptly pay the amount due, if any, and deliver to Agent proof of the completion of the contest and payment of the amount due, if any.
(c) Each Credit Party will maintain (i) casualty insurance on all real and personal property on an all risks basis (including the perils of flood, windstorm and quake), covering the repair and replacement cost of all such property and coverage, business interruption and rent loss coverages with extended period of indemnity (for the period required by Agent from time to time) and indemnity for extra expense, in each case without application of coinsurance and with agreed amount endorsements, (ii) general and professional liability insurance (including products/completed operations liability coverage), and (iii) such other insurance coverage, in each case against loss or damage of the kinds customarily insured against by Persons engaged in the same or similar business, of such types and in such amounts as are customarily carried under similar circumstances by such other Persons; provided, however, that, in no event shall such insurance be in amounts or with coverage less than, or with carriers with qualifications inferior to, any of the insurance or carriers in existence as of the Closing Date (or required to be in existence after the Closing Date under a Financing Document). All such insurance shall be provided by insurers having an A.M. Best policyholders rating reasonably acceptable to Agent.
(d) On or prior to the Closing Date, and at all times thereafter, each Credit Party will cause Agent to be named as an additional insured, assignee and lender loss payee (which shall include, as applicable, identification as mortgagee), as applicable, on each insurance policy required to be maintained pursuant to this Section 4.4 pursuant to endorsements in form and substance acceptable to Agent. Credit Parties shall deliver to Agent and the Lenders (i) on the Closing Date, a certificate from Credit Parties’ insurance broker dated such date showing the amount of coverage as of such date, and that such policies will include effective waivers (whether under the terms of any such policy or otherwise) by the insurer of all claims for insurance premiums against all loss payees and additional insureds and all rights of subrogation against all loss payees and additional insureds, and that if all or any part of such policy is canceled, terminated or expires, the insurer will forthwith give notice thereof to each additional insured, assignee and loss payee and that no cancellation, reduction in amount or material change in coverage thereof shall be effective until at least thirty (30) days (or ten (10) days for nonpayment of premium) after receipt by each additional insured, assignee and loss payee of written notice thereof, (ii) on an annual basis, and upon the request of any Lender through Agent from time to time full information as to the insurance carried, (iii) within five (5) days of receipt of notice from any insurer, a copy of any notice of cancellation, nonrenewal or material change in coverage from that existing on the date of this Agreement, (iv) forthwith, notice of any cancellation or nonrenewal of coverage by any Credit Party, and (v) at least thirty (30) days prior to expiration of any policy of insurance, evidence of renewal of such insurance upon the terms and conditions herein required.
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(e) In the event any Credit Party fails to provide Agent with evidence of the insurance coverage required by this Agreement, Agent may purchase insurance at Credit Parties’ expense to protect Agent’s interests in the Collateral. This insurance may, but need not, protect such Credit Party’s interests. The coverage purchased by Agent may not pay any claim made by such Credit Party or any claim that is made against such Credit Party in connection with the Collateral. Such Credit Party may later cancel any insurance purchased by Agent, but only after providing Agent with evidence that such Credit Party has obtained insurance as required by this Agreement. If Agent purchases insurance for the Collateral, Credit Parties will be responsible for the costs of that insurance to the fullest extent provided by law, including interest and other charges imposed by Agent in connection with the placement of the insurance, until the effective date of the cancellation or expiration of the insurance. The costs of the insurance may be added to the Obligations. The costs of the insurance may be more than the cost of insurance such Credit Party is able to obtain on its own.
Section 4.5 Compliance with Laws and Material Contracts. Each Credit Party will comply, and cause each Subsidiary to comply, with the requirements of all applicable Laws (including all Healthcare Laws) and Material Contracts, except to the extent that failure to so comply could not reasonably be expected to (a) have a Material Adverse Effect, or (b) result in any Lien (other than a Permitted Lien) upon either (i) a material portion of the assets of any such Person in favor of any Governmental Authority, or (ii) any Collateral which is part of the Borrowing Base (other than, in each case, any Permitted Lien).
Section 4.6 Inspection of Property, Books and Records. Each Credit Party will keep, and will cause each Subsidiary to keep, proper books of record substantially in accordance with GAAP in which full, true and correct entries shall be made of all dealings and transactions in relation to its business and activities; and will permit, and will cause each Subsidiary to permit, during normal business hours, at the sole cost of the applicable Credit Party or any applicable Subsidiary, representatives of Agent to visit and inspect any of their respective properties, to examine and make abstracts or copies from any of their respective books and records, to conduct a collateral audit and analysis of their respective operations and the Collateral, to evaluate and make physical verifications and appraisals of the Inventory and other Collateral in any manner and through any medium that Agent considers advisable, to verify the amount and age of the Accounts, the identity and credit of the respective Account Debtors, to review the billing practices of Credit Parties and to discuss their respective affairs, finances and accounts with their respective officers, employees and independent public accountants as often as may reasonably be desired. In the absence of an Event of Default which is continuing, (i) such inspections and audits shall be conducted at Credit Parties’ expense no more often than two (2) times every twelve (12) months, and (ii) Agent exercising any rights pursuant to this Section 4.6 shall give the applicable Credit Party or any applicable Subsidiary commercially reasonable prior notice of such exercise. No notice shall be required during the existence and continuance of any Default or Event of Default or any time during which Agent reasonably believed a Default or Event of Default exists.
Section 4.7 Use of Proceeds. Borrowers shall use the proceeds of the Term Loan Tranche 1 borrowing on the Closing Date (if any) and the Revolving Loans advanced on the Closing Date solely for (a) payment of transaction fees incurred in connection with the Financing Documents, (b) the payment in full on the Closing Date of certain existing Debt (as identified in the applicable payoff letter(s)) and (c) for working capital needs of Borrowers. Borrowers shall use the proceeds of any Term Loan Tranche 1 borrowing after the Closing Date and any Term Loan Tranche 2 borrowing solely for (a) transaction fees incurred in connection with the Financing Documents, and (b) working capital needs of the Borrowers are their Subsidiaries. Borrowers shall use the proceeds of Revolving Loans advanced after the Closing Date solely for working capital needs of Borrowers and their Subsidiaries. No portion of the proceeds of the Loans will be used for family, personal, agricultural or household use. No portion of the proceeds of the Loans will be used, whether directly or indirectly, and whether immediately, incidentally or ultimately, for purchasing or carrying Margin Stock or for any other purpose that entails a violation of, or that is
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inconsistent with, the provisions of the regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, including Regulation T, U, or X of the Federal Reserve Board.
Section 4.8 [Reserved].
Section 4.9 Notices of Material Contracts, Litigation and Defaults.
(a) Credit Parties shall promptly (but in any event within five (5) Business Days) provide written notice to Agent after any Credit Party or Subsidiary receives or delivers any notice of termination or default or similar notice in connection with any Material Contract, and (ii) Credit Parties shall provide, together with the next quarterly Compliance Certificate required to be delivered under this Agreement, written notice to Agent after any Credit Party or Subsidiary (1) executes and delivers any material amendment, consent, waiver or other modification to any Material Contract or (2) enters into new Material Contract and shall, upon request of Agent, promptly provide Agent a copy thereof.
(b) Credit Parties shall promptly (but in any event within five (5) Business Days) provide written notice to Agent (i) upon any Credit Party or any Responsible Officer thereof becoming aware of the existence of any Default or Event of Default, (ii) of any strikes or other labor disputes pending or, to any Credit Party’s knowledge, threatened against any Credit Party, in each case, that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (iii) if there is any infringement or claim of infringement by any other Person with respect to any Intellectual Property rights of any Credit Party that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or if there is any claim by any other Person that any Credit Party in the conduct of its business is infringing on the Intellectual Property rights of others that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (iv) of all returns, recoveries, disputes and claims that would reasonably be expected to result in liability of more than $100,000 in the aggregate. Credit Parties represent and warrant that Schedule 4.9 sets forth a complete list of all matters existing as of the Closing Date for which notice is required under this Section 4.9(b).
(c) Each Credit Party shall provide such further information (including copies of such documentation) as Agent or any Lender shall reasonably request with respect to any of the events or notices described in clauses (a) and (b) above and any notice given in respect of a Regulatory Reporting Event. From the date hereof and continuing through the termination of this Agreement, each Credit Party shall make available to Agent and each Lender, without expense to Agent or any Lender, each Credit Party’s officers, employees and agents and books, to the extent that Agent or any Lender may deem them reasonably necessary to prosecute or defend any third-party suit or proceeding instituted by or against Agent or any Lender with respect to any Collateral or relating to a Credit Party.
(d) Credit Parties shall promptly (but in any event within two (2) Business Days) provide written notice to Agent of the occurrence of any Cash Dominion Event.
Section 4.10 Hazardous Materials; Remediation.
(a) If any release or disposal of Hazardous Materials shall occur or shall have occurred on any real property or any other assets of any Credit Party, such Credit Party will cause, or direct the applicable Credit Party to cause, the prompt containment and removal of such Hazardous Materials and the remediation of such real property or other assets as is necessary to comply with all Environmental Laws. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Credit Party shall, and shall cause each other Credit Party to, comply with each Environmental Law requiring the performance at any real property by any Credit Party of activities in response to the release or threatened release of a Hazardous Material.
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(b) Credit Parties will provide Agent within thirty (30) days after written demand therefor with a bond, letter of credit or similar financial assurance evidencing to the reasonable satisfaction of Agent that sufficient funds are available to pay the cost of removing, treating and disposing of any Hazardous Materials or Hazardous Materials Contamination as required by Environmental Law and discharging any assessment which may be established on any property as a result thereof, such demand to be made, if at all, upon Agent’s reasonable business determination that the failure to remove, treat or dispose of any such Hazardous Materials or Hazardous Materials Contamination, or the failure to discharge any such assessment could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.11 Further Assurances; Joinder.
(a) Each Credit Party will, and will cause each Subsidiary to, at its own cost and expense, promptly and duly take, execute, acknowledge and deliver all such further acts, documents and assurances as may from time to time be necessary or as Agent or the Required Lenders may from time to time reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and purposes of the Financing Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby, including all such actions to (i) establish, create, preserve, protect and perfect a first priority Lien (other than in respect of Excluded Perfection Assets and subject only to Permitted Liens) in favor of Agent for itself and for the benefit of the Lenders on the Collateral (including Collateral acquired after the date hereof), and (ii) unless Agent shall agree otherwise in writing, cause all Subsidiaries of Credit Parties to be jointly and severally obligated with the other Credit Parties under all covenants and obligations under this Agreement, including the obligation to repay the Obligations.
(b) Upon receipt of an affidavit of an authorized representative of Agent or a Lender as to the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Note or any other Financing Document which is not of public record, and, in the case of any such mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of such Note or other applicable Financing Document, Borrowers will issue, in lieu thereof, a replacement Note or other applicable Financing Document, dated the date of such lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Note or other Financing Document in the same principal amount thereof and otherwise of like tenor.
(c) Credit Parties shall timely and fully pay and perform its obligations under all material leases and other agreements with respect to each leased location where any Collateral is or may be located.
(d) Credit Parties shall provide Agent with at least ten (10) Business Days (or such shorter period as Agent may accept in its sole discretion) prior written notice of its intention to create (or to the extent permitted under this Agreement, acquire) a new Subsidiary. Upon the formation (or to the extent permitted under this Agreement, acquisition) of a new Subsidiary, Credit Parties shall (concurrently with the acquisition or creation of such Subsidiary (as applicable)): (i) pledge, have pledged or cause or have caused to be pledged to Agent pursuant to a pledge agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Agent, all of the outstanding Equity Interests of such new Subsidiary owned directly or indirectly by any Credit Party (except to the extent constituting Excluded Property), along with undated stock or equivalent powers for such certificates, executed in blank; (ii) unless Agent shall agree otherwise in writing, cause the new Subsidiary to take such other actions (including entering into or joining any Security Documents) as are necessary or advisable in the reasonable opinion of Agent in order to grant Agent, acting on behalf of the Lenders, a first priority Lien (subject to Permitted Liens which have priority by operation of Law) on all real and personal property (in the case of the perfection of the Liens granted subject to the Excluded Perfection Assets) of such Subsidiary in existence as of such date and in all after acquired property (in each case, other than Excluded Property), which first priority Liens are required to be granted pursuant to this Agreement; (iii) unless Agent shall agree otherwise in writing, cause such new Subsidiary to become a Guarantor of the obligations of Borrowers hereunder and under the other Financing Documents pursuant to a guaranty and suretyship agreement in form and substance reasonably
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satisfactory to Agent (or, at the election of Agent, become a Borrower hereunder with joint and several liability for all obligations of Borrowers hereunder and under the other Financing Documents pursuant to a joinder agreement or other similar agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent); and (iv) cause the new Subsidiary to deliver certified copies of such Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, together with good standing certificates, by-laws (or other operating agreement or governing documents), resolutions of the Board of Directors or other governing body, approving and authorizing the execution and delivery of the Security Documents, incumbency certificates and to execute and/or deliver such other documents and legal opinions or to take such other actions as may be reasonably requested by Agent, in each case, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent (the requirements set forth in clauses (i)-(iv), collectively, the “Joinder Requirements”).
Section 4.12 Reserved.
Section 4.13 Power of Attorney. Each of the authorized representatives of Agent is hereby irrevocably made, constituted and appointed the true and lawful attorney for Credit Parties (without requiring any of them to act as such) with full power of substitution, exercisable only upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to do the following: (a) endorse the name of Credit Parties upon any and all checks, drafts, money orders, and other instruments for the payment of money that are payable to Credit Parties and constitute collections on Credit Parties’ Accounts; (b) so long as Agent has provided not less than three (3) Business Days’ prior written notice to any Credit Party to perform the same and such Credit Party has failed to take such action, execute in the name of Credit Parties any schedules, assignments, instruments, documents, and statements that Credit Parties are obligated to give Agent under this Agreement; (c) take any action Credit Parties are required to take under this Agreement; (d) so long as Agent has provided not less than three (3) Business Days’ prior written notice to any Credit Party to perform the same and such Credit Party has failed to take such action, do such other and further acts and deeds in the name of Credit Parties that Agent may deem necessary or desirable to enforce any Account or other Collateral or perfect Agent’s security interest or Lien in any Collateral; and (e) do such other and further acts and deeds in the name of Credit Parties that Agent may deem necessary or desirable to enforce its rights with regard to any Account or other Collateral. This power of attorney shall be irrevocable and coupled with an interest.
Section 4.14 Borrowing Base Collateral Administration.
(a) A copy of all data and other information relating to Accounts shall at all times be kept by Credit Parties, at their respective principal offices and shall not fail to be available at such principal offices without obtaining the prior written consent of Agent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.
(b) Borrowers shall provide prompt written notice to each Person who either is currently an Account Debtor or becomes an Account Debtor at any time following the date of this Agreement that directs each Account Debtor to make payments into the Lockbox, and hereby authorizes Agent, upon Borrowers’ failure to send such notices within ten (10) days after the date of this Agreement (or ten (10) days after the Person becomes an Account Debtor), to send any and all similar notices to such Person. Agent reserves the right to notify Account Debtors that Agent has been granted a Lien upon all Accounts.
(c) Borrowers will conduct a physical count of the Inventory at least once per year during the last month of the fiscal year (and if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, at such other times as Agent reasonably requests), and Borrowers shall provide to Agent a written accounting of such physical count in form and substance satisfactory to Agent. Each Borrower will use commercially reasonable efforts to at all times keep its Inventory in good and marketable condition. In addition to the
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foregoing, from time to time, Agent may require Borrowers to obtain and deliver to Agent appraisal reports in form and substance and from appraisers reasonably satisfactory to Agent stating the then current fair market values of all or any portion of Inventory owned by each Borrower or any Subsidiaries; provided that if no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, such appraisal of Inventory shall be conducted not more often than once a year.
Section 4.15 Schedule Updates. Borrower shall, in the event of any information in the Schedule 3.19, Schedule 5.14, Schedule 9.2(b) or Schedule 9.2(d) becoming outdated, inaccurate, incomplete or misleading, deliver to Agent, together with the next quarterly Compliance Certificate required to be delivered under this Agreement after such event a proposed update to such Schedule correcting all outdated, inaccurate, incomplete or misleading information.
Section 4.16 Intellectual Property and Licensing.
(a) Together with each Compliance Certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 4.1(i) to the extent (i) any Credit Party or Subsidiary acquires and/or develops any new Registered Intellectual Property, (ii) any Credit Party or Subsidiary enters into or becomes bound by any additional material in-bound license or sublicense agreement, any additional exclusive out-bound license or sublicense agreement or other material agreement with respect to rights in Intellectual Property (other than over-the-counter software, software that is commercially available to the public and open source licenses), or (iii) there occurs any other material change in any Credit Party’s or Subsidiary’s Registered Intellectual Property, material in-bound licenses or sublicenses or exclusive out-bound licenses or sublicenses from that listed on Schedule 3.19 together with such Compliance Certificate, deliver to Agent an updated Schedule 3.19 reflecting such updated information. With respect to any updates to Schedule 3.19 involving exclusive out-bound licenses or sublicenses, such licenses shall be consistent with the definitions of and limitations herein pertaining to Permitted Licenses.
(b) If Credit Parties obtain any Registered Intellectual Property, Credit Parties shall notify Agent thereof concurrently with the delivery of the next Compliance Certificate required to be delivered under Section 4.1(i) following such Credit Party obtaining or acquiring such Registered Intellectual Property and promptly execute such documents and provide such other information (including, without limitation, copies of applications) and take such other actions as Agent shall reasonably request in its good faith business judgment to perfect and maintain a first priority perfected security interest (subject to Permitted Liens) in favor of Agent, for the ratable benefit of Lenders, in such Registered Intellectual Property.
(c) Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries shall take such steps as Agent reasonably requests to obtain the consent of, or waiver by, any person whose consent or waiver is necessary for (x) all material licenses or material agreements to be deemed “Collateral” and for Agent to have a security interest in it that might otherwise be restricted or prohibited by Law or by the terms of any such material license or agreement, whether now existing or entered into in the future, and (y) Agent to have the ability in the event of a liquidation of any Collateral to dispose of such Collateral in accordance with Agent’s rights and remedies under this Agreement and the other Financing Documents.
(d) Credit Parties and each Subsidiary thereof shall own, or be licensed to use or otherwise have the right to use, all Material Intangible Assets, subject to Permitted Liens. Credit Parties shall cause all Registered Intellectual Property to be duly and properly registered, filed or issued in the appropriate office and jurisdictions for such registrations, filings or issuances, except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries shall at all times conduct its business without material infringement or material claim of infringement of any valid Intellectual Property rights of others. Credit Parties shall, and shall cause their
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Subsidiaries to, (i) protect, defend and maintain the validity and enforceability of its Material Intangible Assets (ii) promptly advise Agent in writing of material infringements of its Material Intangible Assets, or of a material claim of infringement by Credit Parties on the Intellectual Property rights of others; and (iii) not allow any of Credit Parties’ Material Intangible Assets to be abandoned, invalidated, forfeited or dedicated to the public or to become unenforceable. Credit Parties shall not become a party to, nor become bound by, any material license or other agreement with respect to which any Credit Party is the licensor or licensee (other than in-bound licenses of over-the-counter software and other software that is commercially available to the public and open source licenses) that prohibits or otherwise restricts Credit Party from granting a security interest in Credit Party’s interest in such license or agreement or other property.
Section 4.17 Regulatory Covenants.
(a) Credit Parties shall have, and shall ensure that it and each of its Subsidiaries has, each necessary Permit and other material rights from, and have made all necessary declarations and filings with, all applicable Governmental Authorities, all self-regulatory authorities and all courts and other tribunals necessary to engage in all material respects in the ownership, management and operation of the business or the assets of any Credit Party and Subsidiaries thereof and Credit Parties shall take, and cause each of their Subsidiaries to take, such reasonable actions to ensure that no Governmental Authority has taken action to limit, suspend or revoke any such Permit. Credit Parties shall ensure, and cause each of their Subsidiaries to ensure, that all such necessary Permits are valid and in full force and effect and Credit Parties and their Subsidiaries are in material compliance with the terms and conditions of all Permits, except where failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(b) In connection with the development, testing, manufacture, marketing or sale of each and any material Product by any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, each Credit Party shall have, and shall have caused each of its Subsidiaries to have, obtained and comply in all material respects with all material Regulatory Required Permits at all times issued or required to be issued by any Governmental Authority, specifically including the FDA, with respect to such development, testing, manufacture, marketing or sales of such Product by such Credit Party or its Subsidiaries as such activities are at any such time being conducted by such Credit Party or its Subsidiaries.
(c) Except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, Credit Parties will, and will cause their Subsidiaries to, timely file or caused to be timely filed (after giving effect to any extension duly obtained), all material notifications, reports, submissions, material Permit renewals and reports required by applicable Healthcare Laws (which reports will be materially accurate and complete in all material respects and not misleading in any material respect and shall not remain open or unsettled)..
Article 5 - NEGATIVE COVENANTS
Each Credit Party agrees that:
Section 5.1 Debt; Contingent Obligations.
(a) No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, assume, guarantee or otherwise become or remain directly or indirectly liable with respect to, any Debt, except for Permitted Debt.
(b) No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, create, assume, incur or suffer to exist any Contingent Obligations, except for Permitted Contingent Obligations.
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(c) No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, purchase, redeem, defease or prepay any principal of, premium, if any, interest or other amount payable in respect of any Debt prior to its scheduled date for payment (except (i) with respect to the Obligations permitted under this Agreement, (ii) for Capital Lease obligations and (iii) for Subordinated Debt solely to the extent permitted by Section 5.5).
Section 5.2 Liens. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, create, assume or suffer to exist any Lien on any asset now owned or hereafter acquired by it, except for Permitted Liens.
Section 5.3 Distributions. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, declare, order, pay, make or set apart any sum for any Distribution, except for Permitted Distributions.
Section 5.4 Restrictive Agreements. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly (a) enter into or assume any agreement (other than the Financing Documents and any agreements for purchase money debt and Capital Leases permitted under clause (c) of the definition of Permitted Debt) prohibiting the creation or assumption of any Lien upon its properties or assets, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, or (b) create or otherwise cause or suffer to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction of any kind (except as provided by the Financing Documents) on the ability of any Subsidiary to: (i) pay or make Distributions to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary; (ii) pay any Debt owed to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary; (iii) make loans or advances to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary; or (iv) transfer any of its property or assets to any Credit Party or any Subsidiary, in each case under this Section 5.4 other than (A) reasonable and customary anti-assignment provisions contained in licenses, contracts and other agreements so long as such anti-assignment provisions do not cause such licenses, contracts or other agreements to constitute Excluded Property, (B) restrictions or conditions imposed by any agreement relating to purchase money Debt, Capital Leases, and other secured Debt permitted by this Agreement, so long as those restrictions or conditions apply only to the property or assets securing that Debt; and (C) customary provisions in leases and other contracts restricting the assignment thereof.
Section 5.5 Payments and Modifications of Subordinated Debt. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly (a) declare, pay, make or set aside any amount for payment in respect of Subordinated Debt, except for payments made in full compliance with and expressly permitted under the Subordination Agreement, (b) amend or otherwise modify the terms of any Subordinated Debt, except for amendments or modifications made in full compliance with the Subordination Agreement.
Section 5.6 Consolidations, Mergers and Sales of Assets; Change in Control. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly:
(a) consolidate or merge or amalgamate with or into any other Person other than (i) consolidations or mergers among Borrowers so long as in any consolidation or merger involving CeriBell, CeriBell is the surviving entity, (ii) consolidations or mergers among a Guarantor and a Borrower so long as the Borrower is the surviving entity, (iii) consolidations or mergers among Guarantors, and (iv) consolidations or mergers among Subsidiaries that are not Credit Parties; or
(b) make or consummate any Asset Dispositions other than Permitted Asset Dispositions.
Section 5.7 Purchase of Assets, Investments. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly:
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(a) acquire, make, own, hold, or otherwise consummate any Investment (including for the avoidance of doubt, any Acquisition) other than Permitted Investments, or enter into any agreement to acquire, make, own or hold any Investment other than Permitted Investments;
(b) without limiting clause (a) above, acquire any other assets other than Permitted Investments or otherwise (i) in the Ordinary Course of Business, (ii) constituting capital expenditures, (iii) constituting replacement assets purchased with proceeds of property insurance policies, awards or other compensation with respect to any eminent domain, condemnation or similar proceeding and for which the requirements set forth in this Agreement have been satisfied and (iv) any acquisition by a Credit Party of assets of any other Credit Party to the extent not otherwise prohibited by Article 5 of this Agreement;
(c) engage in or establish any joint venture or partnership with any other Person; or
(d) without limiting the foregoing, no Credit Party shall, nor will any Credit Party permit any Subsidiary to, purchase or carry Margin Stock.
Section 5.8 Transactions with Affiliates. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, enter into or permit to exist any transaction (including the purchase, sale, lease or exchange of any property or the rendering of any service) with any Affiliate of any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof, except for (a) transaction disclosed on Schedule 5.8 on the Closing Date, (b) transactions that are in the Ordinary Course of Business upon fair and reasonable terms, and, in each case, which contain terms that are no less favorable to the applicable Credit Party or any Subsidiary, as the case may be, than those which might be obtained from a third party not an Affiliate of any Credit Party and which are disclosed to Agent in writing prior to the parties consummating such transaction, (c) transactions among Credit Parties that are not otherwise prohibited by this Agreement, (d) transactions constituting (i) issuances of Subordinated Debt to investors and (ii) issuance of Equity interests (other than Disqualified Equity Interests), in each case, not otherwise in contravention of this Agreement, and (e) reasonable and customary director, officer and employee compensation (including bonuses) and other benefits (including retirement, health, stock option and other benefit plans and indemnification arrangements approved by the relevant board of directors, board managers or equivalent corporate body in the Ordinary Course of Business).
Section 5.9 Modification of Organizational Documents. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, amend or otherwise modify any Organizational Documents of such Person, except for Permitted Modifications.
Section 5.10 Modification of Certain Agreements. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, amend or otherwise modify any Material Contract, which amendment or modification in any case: (a) is expressly contrary to the terms of this Agreement or any other Financing Document or (b) could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.11 Conduct of Business. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, engage in any line of business other than those businesses engaged in on the Closing Date described on Schedule 5.11 and businesses reasonably related thereto. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, other than in the Ordinary Course of Business, change its normal billing payment and reimbursement policies and procedures with respect to its Accounts in any material respect (including, without limitation, the amount and timing of finance charges, fees and write-offs).
Section 5.12 [Reserved].
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Section 5.13 Limitation on Sale and Leaseback Transactions. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, enter into any arrangement with any Person whereby, in a substantially contemporaneous transaction, any Credit Party or any Subsidiaries sells or transfers all or substantially all of its right, title and interest in an asset and, in connection therewith, acquires or leases back the right to use such asset.
Section 5.14 Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts; Payroll and Benefits Accounts.
(a) No Credit Party will, directly or indirectly, establish any new Deposit Account or Securities Account (other than an Excluded Account) unless such Credit Party and the bank, financial institution or securities intermediary at which the account is to be opened enter into a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement prior to or concurrently with the establishment of such Deposit Account or Securities Account. Without limiting the foregoing, Credit Parties shall ensure that each Deposit Account or Securities Account of a Credit Party (other than Excluded Accounts) is subject to a Deposit Account Control Agreement or Securities Account Control Agreement, as applicable.
(b) Credit Parties represent and warrant that Schedule 5.14 (as updated by the Compliance Certificate delivered to Agent from time to time after the Closing Date) lists all of the Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts of each Credit Party and Subsidiary as of the Closing Date and as of the date on which each Compliance Certificate is delivered.
(c) At all times that any Obligations remain outstanding, Borrower shall maintain one or more separate Deposit Accounts to hold any and all amounts to be used for payroll, payroll taxes and other employee wage and benefit payments, and shall not commingle any monies allocated for such purposes with funds in any other Deposit Account; provided, however, that the aggregate balance in such accounts does not exceed the amount necessary to make the immediately succeeding payroll, payroll tax or benefit payment (or such minimum amount as may be required by any requirement of Law with respect to such accounts).
Section 5.15 Compliance with Anti-Terrorism Laws. Agent hereby notifies Credit Parties that pursuant to the requirements of Anti-Terrorism Laws, and Agent’s policies and practices, Agent is required to obtain, verify and record certain information and documentation that identifies Credit Parties and their principals, which information includes the name and address of each Credit Party and its principals and such other information that will allow Agent to identify such party in accordance with Anti-Terrorism Laws. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, knowingly enter into any contracts or agreements or otherwise engage in transactions directly or indirectly with or related to any Blocked Person or any Person listed on the OFAC Lists or any Sanctioned Country. Each Credit Party shall immediately notify Agent if such Credit Party has knowledge that any Borrower, any additional Credit Party or any of their respective Affiliates or agents acting or benefiting in any capacity in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement is or becomes a Blocked Person or (a) is convicted on, (b) enters into a settlement agreement with a U.S. government agency, (c) pleads nolo contendere to, (d) is indicted on, or (e) is arraigned and held over on charges involving money laundering or predicate crimes to money laundering, Anti-Terrorism Laws or export control laws. No Credit Party will, or will permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, (i) conduct any business or engage in any transaction or dealing directly or indirectly with or related to any Blocked Person or Sanctioned Country, including, without limitation, the making or receiving of any contribution of funds, goods or services to or for the benefit of any Blocked Person or Sanctioned Country, (ii) deal in, or otherwise engage in any transaction relating to, any property or interests in property blocked pursuant to Executive Order No. 13224, any similar executive order or other Anti-Terrorism Law, or (iii) engage in or conspire to engage in any transaction that evades or avoids, or
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has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in Executive Order No. 13224 or other Anti-Terrorism Law.
Section 5.16 Change in Accounting. No Credit Party shall, and no Credit Party shall suffer or permit any of its Subsidiaries to, (i) make any significant change in accounting treatment or reporting practices, except as required by GAAP or required to be GAAP compliant or (ii) change the fiscal year or method for determining fiscal quarters of any Credit Party or of any Consolidated Subsidiary.
Section 5.17 Investment Company Act. No Credit Party shall, nor shall it permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, engage in any business, enter into any transaction, use any securities or take any other action or permit any of its Subsidiaries to do any of the foregoing, that would cause it or any of its Subsidiaries to become subject to the registration requirements of the Investment Company Act, by virtue of being an “investment company” or a company “controlled” by an “investment company” not entitled to an exemption within the meaning of the Investment Company Act.
Section 5.18 Agreements Regarding Receivables. No Credit Party may backdate, postdate or redate any of its invoices. No Credit Party may make any sales on extended dating or credit terms with respect to Eligible Accounts beyond that customary in such Credit Party’s industry and consented to in advance by Agent. In addition to the Borrowing Base Certificate to be delivered in accordance with this Agreement, Borrower Representative shall notify Agent promptly upon any Borrower’s learning thereof, in the event any Eligible Account becomes ineligible for any reason, other than the aging of such Account, and of the reasons for such ineligibility. Borrower Representative shall also notify Agent promptly of all material disputes and claims with respect to the Accounts of any Borrower, and such Borrower will settle or adjust such material disputes and claims at no expense to Agent; provided, however, no Borrower may, without Agent’s consent, grant (a) any discount, credit or allowance in respect of its Accounts (i) which is outside the Ordinary Course of Business or (ii) which discount, credit or allowance exceeds an amount equal to $100,000 in the aggregate with respect to any individual Account of (b) any materially adverse extension, compromise or settlement to any customer or account debtor with respect to any then Eligible Account. Nothing permitted by this Section 5.18, however, may be construed to alter in any the criteria for Eligible Accounts, or Eligible Inventory provided in Section 1.1.
Article 6 – FINANCIAL COVENANTS
Section 6.1 Minimum Net Revenue. Credit Parties shall not permit Net Revenue for any Defined Period ending during a Financial Covenant Testing Period to be less than $70,000,000, as tested quarterly as of the last day of each applicable Defined Period (the “Minimum Net Revenue Covenant”); provided however, that Borrowers shall be deemed to be in compliance with the Minimum Net Revenue Covenant irrespective of the actual Net Revenue amount if Credit Party Unrestricted Cash is equal to or greater than $65,000,000 at all times during the applicable Financial Covenant Testing Period.
Section 6.2 Minimum Unrestricted Cash. At all times during each Minimum Cash Testing Period, Credit Parties shall not permit Credit Party Unrestricted Cash to be less than $65,000,000.
Section 6.3 Evidence of Compliance. Borrowers shall furnish to Agent, as required by Section 4.1, a Compliance Certificate as evidence of (a) quarterly cash and Cash Equivalents, concurrently with the delivery of such Compliance Certificate of (x) Borrowers and (y) Credit Parties taken as a whole, (b) as applicable, Borrowers’ compliance with the covenants in this Article, and (c) that no Event of Default specified in this Article has occurred. The Compliance Certificate shall include, without limitation, (i) a statement and report, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent, detailing Borrowers’ calculations, and (ii) if requested by Agent, back-up documentation (including, without limitation, bank statements, invoices, receipts and other evidence of costs incurred during such month as Agent shall
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reasonably require) evidencing the propriety of the calculations. A breach of a financial covenant contained in this Article 6 shall be deemed to have occurred as of the last day of any specified Defined Period, regardless of when the financial statements reflecting such breach are delivered to Agent.
Article 7 – CONDITIONS
Section 7.1 Conditions to Closing. The obligation of each Lender to make the initial Loans on the Closing Date shall be subject to the receipt by Agent of each agreement, document and instrument set forth on the closing checklist attached hereto as Exhibit F, each in form and substance satisfactory to Agent, and such other closing deliverables reasonably requested by Agent and Lenders, and to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent, each to the satisfaction of Agent and Lenders in their reasonable discretion:
(a) the receipt by Agent of executed counterparts of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents;
(b) the payment of all fees, expenses and other amounts due and payable under each Financing Document;
(c) since December 31, 2025, the absence of any material adverse change in any aspect of the business, operations, properties or financial condition of any Credit Party, or any event or condition which would reasonably be expected to result in such a material adverse change; and
(d) the receipt of the initial Borrowing Base Certificate, prepared as of the Closing Date.
Each Lender, by delivering its signature page to this Agreement, shall be deemed to have acknowledged receipt of, and consented to and approved, each Financing Document and each other document, agreement and/or instrument required to be approved by Agent, Required Lenders or Lenders, as applicable, on the Closing Date.
Section 7.2 Conditions to Each Loan. The obligation of the Lenders to make a Loan or an advance in respect of any Loan (including the initial Loans), is subject to the satisfaction of the following additional conditions:
(a) in the case of each borrowing of a Term Loan that would result in the occurrence of a Financial Covenant Trigger Date, Agent shall have received evidence satisfactory to it that (i) the Credit Parties shall be in pro forma compliance with the Minimum Net Revenue Covenant, measured as of the last day of the most recently ended Defined Period prior to such borrowing (without, for the avoidance doubt, giving effect to the proviso in Section 6.1 and regardless of whether a Financial Covenant Testing Period is in effect) or (ii) the Credit Parties have at least $65,000,000 in Credit Party Unrestricted Cash prior to giving effect to such borrowing.
(b) (i) in the case of each borrowing of Revolving Loans, receipt by Agent of a Notice of Borrowing and an updated Borrowing Base, and (ii) in the case of a Term Loan advance, receipt by Agent and Term Loan Servicer of a Notice of Borrowing in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.1(a)(i);
(c) with respect to any Term Loan Tranche 2, (i) the Term Loan Tranche 2 Activation Date has occurred and (ii) Agent and each Lender with a Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment, in each of
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their sole discretion, has approved in writing the funding of the Term Loan Tranche 2 (it being understood that neither Agent nor any Lender shall be under any obligation to approve such funding);
(d) immediately after such borrowing and after application of the proceeds thereof, the Revolving Loan Outstandings will not exceed the Revolving Loan Limit;
(e) immediately before and after such advance, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing;
(f) for Loans made on or after the Closing Date, the representations and warranties of each Credit Party contained in the Financing Documents shall be true, correct and complete in all material respects on and as of the date of such borrowing, except to the extent that any such representation or warranty relates to a specific earlier date, in which case such representation or warranty shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such specific earlier date; provided, however, in each case, such materiality qualifier shall not be applicable to any representations and warranties that already are qualified or modified by materiality in the text thereof; and
(g) as of the date of such advance, no Material Adverse Effect exists.
Each giving of a Notice of Borrowing hereunder and each acceptance by any Borrower of the proceeds of any Loan made hereunder shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by each Credit Party on the date of such notice or acceptance as to the facts specified in this Section.
Section 7.3 Searches. Before the Closing Date, and thereafter (as and when determined by Agent in its discretion), Agent shall have the right to perform, all at Borrowers’ expense, the searches described in clauses (a), (b), and (c) below against Borrowers and any other Credit Party, the results of which are to be consistent with Credit Parties’ representations and warranties under this Agreement and the satisfactory results of which shall be a condition precedent to all advances of Loan proceeds: (a) UCC searches with the Secretary of State of the jurisdiction in which the applicable Person is organized; (b) judgment, pending litigation, federal tax lien, personal property tax lien, and corporate and partnership tax lien searches, in each jurisdiction searched under clause (a) above; and (c) searches of applicable corporate, limited liability company, partnership and related records to confirm the continued existence, organization and good standing of the applicable Person and the exact legal name under which such Person is organized.
Section 7.4 Post-Closing Requirements. Unless Agent shall otherwise consent in writing, Credit Parties shall complete each of the post-closing obligations and/or provide to Agent each of the documents, instruments, agreements and information listed on Schedule 7.4 attached hereto on or before the date set forth for each such item thereon, each of which shall be completed or provided in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent.
Article 8 – RESERVED
Article 9 – SECURITY AGREEMENT
Section 9.1 Generally. As security for the payment and performance of the Obligations, and without limiting any other grant of a Lien and security interest in any Security Document, each Credit Party hereby (i) assigns, grants and pledges to Agent, for the benefit of itself and Lenders, and, subject only to Permitted Liens that may have priority as a matter of applicable Law, a continuing first priority Lien on and security interest in, upon, and to the property and assets set forth on Schedule 9.1 attached hereto and made a part hereof and (ii) pledges, assigns and grants to Agent, for the benefit of itself and Lenders, as security for the Obligations, a continuing security interest in, and pledges to Agent, for the ratable benefit of Lenders,
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the Pledged Collateral, wherever located, whether now owned or hereafter acquired or arising, and all proceeds and products thereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Collateral includes (x) all Debt (including intercompany notes) from time to time owed to any Credit Party, and all interest, cash, instruments and other property, assets or proceeds from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such Debt and all certificates, instruments or agreements evidencing such Debt, and all assignments, amendments, restatements, supplements, extensions, renewals, replacements or modifications thereof (“Pledged Debt”); provided that, in no event shall Pledged Debt include any Excluded Property and (y) one hundred percent (100%) of the issued and outstanding, certificated and uncertificated Equity Interests or other interest now owned or hereafter acquired by any Credit Party, including any Equity Interests of the Issuers listed on Schedule 9.1(A) (as such schedule may be amended or supplemented from time to time) and the certificates (or other agreements or instruments), if any, representing such Equity Interests and any Equity Interests or other interest owned by such Credit Party on the books and records of such limited liability company, partnership or other organization or on the books and records of any securities intermediary pertaining to such Equity Interests and all options and other rights, contractual or otherwise, with respect thereto, including, but not limited to, all dividends, distributions, cash, warrants, rights, options, instruments, securities, payments and other property or proceeds at any time and from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such Equity Interests and, with respect to a limited liability company, all management rights, all voting rights, any interest in any capital account of a member in such limited liability company, all rights as and to become a member of the limited liability company, all rights of the Credit Party under any shareholder or voting trust agreement or similar agreement in respect of such limited liability company, all of the Credit Party’s right, title and interest as a member to any and all assets or properties of such limited liability company, and all other rights, powers, privileges, interests, claims and other property in any manner arising out of or relating to any of the foregoing and all claims, rights, power, privileges, authority, options, security interests, Liens and remedies, if any, of such Credit Party, under any governing document, or at law, or otherwise in respect of such Equity Interests (“Pledged Equity”); provided that, in no event shall Pledged Equity include any Excluded Property.
Section 9.2 Representations and Warranties and Covenants Relating to Collateral.
(a) The security interest granted pursuant to this Agreement constitutes a valid and, to the extent such security interest is required to be perfected (except in respect of Excluded Perfection Assets) by this Agreement and any other Financing Document, continuing perfected security interest in favor of Agent in all Collateral subject, for the following Collateral, to the occurrence of the following: (i) in the case of all Collateral in which a security interest may be perfected by filing a financing statement under the UCC, the completion of the filings and other actions specified on Schedule 9.2(b) (which, in the case of all filings and other documents referred to on such schedule, have been delivered to Agent in completed and duly authorized form), (ii) with respect to any Deposit Account for which Deposit Account Control Agreements are required pursuant to this Agreement, the execution of Deposit Account Control Agreements, (iii) in the case of letter-of-credit rights that are not supporting obligations of Collateral, the execution of a contractual obligation granting control to Agent over such letter-of-credit rights, (iv) in the case of electronic chattel paper, the completion of all steps necessary to grant control to Agent over such electronic chattel paper, (v) in the case of all certificated stock, debt instruments and investment property, the delivery thereof to Agent of such certificated stock, debt instruments and investment property consisting of instruments and certificates, in each case properly endorsed for transfer to Agent or in blank, (vi) in the case of all investment property not in certificated form, the execution of control agreements with respect to such investment property and (vii) in the case of all other instruments and tangible chattel paper that are not certificated stock, debt instructions or investment property, the delivery thereof to Agent of such instruments and tangible chattel paper. Such security interest shall be prior to all other Liens on the Collateral except for Permitted Liens. Except to the extent not required pursuant to the terms of this
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Agreement, all actions by each Credit Party necessary or desirable to protect and perfect the Lien granted hereunder on the Collateral have been duly taken.
(b) Schedule 9.2(b) (as updated by the Compliance Certificates delivered to Agent from time to time after the Closing Date) sets forth (i) each chief executive office and principal place of business of each Credit Party and each of their respective Subsidiaries, and (ii) all of the addresses (including all warehouses) at which any of the Collateral is located and/or books and records of Credit Parties regarding any Collateral or any of Credit Party’s assets, liabilities, business operations or financial condition are kept, which such Schedule 9.2(b) indicates in each case which Credit Parties have Collateral and/or books and records located at such address, and, in the case of any such address not owned by one or more of the Credit Parties, indicates the nature of such location (e.g., leased business location operated by Credit Parties, third party warehouse, consignment location, processor location, etc.) and the name and address of the third party owning and/or operating such location.
(c) Without limiting the generality of Section 3.2, except as indicated on Schedule 3.19 with respect to any rights of any Credit Party as a licensee under any license of Intellectual Property owned by another Person, and except for the filing of financing statements under the UCC, no authorization, approval or other action by, and no notice to or filing with, any Governmental Authority or consent of any other Person is required for (i) the grant by each Credit Party to Agent of the security interests and Liens in the Collateral provided for under this Agreement and the other Security Documents (if any), or (ii) the granting of the security interest or the exercise by Agent of its rights and remedies with respect to the Collateral provided for under this Agreement and the other Security Documents or under any applicable Law, including the UCC and neither any such grant of Liens in favor of Agent or exercise of rights by Agent shall violate or cause a default under any agreement between any Credit Party and any other Person relating to any such collateral, including any license to which a Credit Party is a party, whether as licensor or licensee, with respect to any Intellectual Property, whether owned by such Credit Party or any other Person.
(d) As of the Closing Date, except as set forth on Schedule 9.2(d) and except to the extent constituting Excluded Perfection Assets, no Credit Party has any ownership interest in any Chattel Paper (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC), letter of credit rights, commercial tort claims, Instruments, documents or investment property (in each case, other than Excluded Perfection Assets or Equity Interests in any Subsidiaries of such Credit Party disclosed on Schedule 3.4), and Credit Parties shall give notice to Agent promptly (but in any event not later than the delivery by Credit Parties of the next quarterly Compliance Certificate required pursuant to Section 4.1 above) upon the acquisition by any Credit Party of any such Chattel Paper, letter of credit rights, commercial tort claims, Instruments, documents, investment property, in each case, other than Excluded Perfection Assets. No Person other than Agent or (if applicable) any Lender has “control” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC) over any Deposit Account, investment property (including Securities Accounts and commodities account), letter of credit rights or electronic chattel paper in which any Credit Party has any interest (except for such control arising by operation of law in favor of any bank or securities intermediary or commodities intermediary with whom any Deposit Account, Securities Account or commodities account of Credit Parties is maintained).
(e) Credit Parties shall not take any of the following actions or make any of the following changes unless Credit Parties have given at least thirty (30) days prior written notice to Agent of Credit Parties’ intention to take any such action (which such written notice shall include an updated version of any Schedule impacted by such change) and have executed any and all documents, instruments and agreements and taken any other actions which Agent may request after receiving such written notice in order to protect and preserve the Liens, rights and remedies of Agent with respect to the Collateral: (i) change the legal name or organizational identification number of any Credit Party as it appears in official filings in the jurisdiction of its organization, (ii) change the jurisdiction of incorporation or formation of
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any Borrower or Credit Party or allow any Borrower or Credit Party to designate any jurisdiction as an additional jurisdiction of incorporation for such Borrower or Credit Party, or change the type of entity that it is; provided that in no event shall a Credit Party organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof be reorganized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the United States or any State thereof or (iii) change its chief executive office, principal place of business, or the location of its books and records or move any Collateral to or place any Collateral on any location that is not then listed on the Schedules , as updated from time to time pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and/or establish (other than Collateral that is in transit or out for repair) any business location at any location that is not then listed on the Schedules.
(f) Credit Parties shall not adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment of any Account, or release wholly or partly any Account Debtor, or allow any credit or discount thereon (other than adjustments, settlements, compromises, credits and discounts in the Ordinary Course of Business, made while no Default exists and in amounts that are otherwise not material with respect to the Account and which, after giving effect thereto, do not cause the Borrowing Base to be less than the Revolving Loan Outstandings) without the prior written consent of Agent. Without limiting the generality of this Agreement or any other provisions of any of the Financing Documents relating to the rights of Agent after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, Agent shall have the right at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default to: (i) exercise the rights of Credit Parties with respect to the obligation of any Account Debtor to make payment or otherwise render performance to Credit Parties and with respect to any property that secures the obligations of any Account Debtor or any other Person obligated on the Collateral, and (ii) adjust, settle or compromise the amount or payment of such Accounts.
(g) Without limiting the generality of Sections 9.2(c) and 9.2(e):
(i) Credit Parties shall deliver to Agent all tangible Chattel Paper and all Instruments and documents (other than any Excluded Perfection Assets) owned by any Credit Party and constituting part of the Collateral duly endorsed and accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment, all in form and substance satisfactory to Agent. Credit Parties shall provide Agent with “control” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC) of all electronic Chattel Paper (other than Excluded Perfection Assets) owned by any Credit Party and constituting part of the Collateral by having Agent identified as the assignee on the records pertaining to the single authoritative copy thereof and otherwise complying with the applicable elements of control set forth in the UCC. Credit Parties also shall deliver to Agent all security agreements securing any such Chattel Paper and securing any such Instruments (other than Excluded Perfection Assets). Credit Parties will mark conspicuously all such Chattel Paper and all such Instruments and documents (other than Excluded Perfection Assets) with a legend, in form and substance satisfactory to Agent, indicating that such Chattel Paper and such instruments and documents are subject to the security interests and Liens in favor of Agent created pursuant to this Agreement and the Security Documents. Credit Parties shall comply with all the provisions of Section 5.14 with respect to the Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts of Credit Parties.
(ii) Credit Parties shall deliver to Agent all letters of credit (except to the extent constituting an Excluded Perfection Asset) on which any Credit Party is the beneficiary and which give rise to letter of credit rights owned by such Credit Party which constitute part of the Collateral in each case duly endorsed and accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment, all in form and substance satisfactory to Agent. Except with respect to Excluded Perfection Assets, Credit Parties shall take any and all actions as may be necessary or desirable, or that Agent may request, from time to time, to cause Agent to obtain exclusive “control” (as defined in Article 9 of the UCC) of any such letter of credit rights in a manner acceptable to Agent.
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(iii) Credit Parties shall promptly advise Agent upon any Credit Party becoming aware that it has any interests in any commercial tort claim (except to the extent constituting an Excluded Perfection Asset), which such notice shall include descriptions of the events and circumstances giving rise to such commercial tort claim and the dates such events and circumstances occurred, the potential defendants with respect such commercial tort claim and any court proceedings that have been instituted with respect to such commercial tort claims, and Credit Parties shall, with respect to any such commercial tort claim, execute and deliver to Agent such documents as Agent shall request to perfect, preserve or protect the Liens, rights and remedies of Agent with respect to any such commercial tort claim.
(iv) Unless Agent shall otherwise consent, Credit Parties shall obtain a landlord’s agreement, mortgagee agreement, or bailee agreement, as applicable, from the lessor of each leased property, the mortgagee of owned property or the warehouseman, consignee, bailee at any business location, in each case, located in the United States and (a) which is a Credit Party’s chief executive office or (b) where (i) any portion of the Collateral included in or proposed to be included in the Borrowing Base, or (ii) any portion of the Collateral with a value in excess of $500,000 is located, in each case, which agreement or letter shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to Agent. Credit Parties shall timely and fully pay and perform its obligations under all leases and other agreements with respect to each of the locations specified in the preceding sentence. In no event shall the Credit Parties maintain tangible Collateral (other than Inventory with contract manufacturers and Inventory in transit in the Ordinary Course of Business) with a value in excess of $250,000 outside of the United States without Agent’s prior consent.
(v) Credit Parties shall cause all material Equipment and other material tangible personal property other than Inventory to be maintained and preserved in the same condition, repair and in working order as when new, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and shall promptly make or cause to be made all repairs, replacements and other improvements in connection therewith that are reasonably necessary or desirable to such end. Upon request of Agent, Credit Parties shall promptly deliver to Agent any and all certificates of title, applications for title or similar evidence of ownership of all such tangible personal property (other than Excluded Perfection Assets) and shall cause Agent to be named as lienholder on any such certificate of title or other evidence of ownership. Credit Parties shall not permit any such tangible personal property to become fixtures to real estate unless such real estate is subject to a Lien in favor of Agent.
(vi) Each Credit Party hereby authorizes Agent to file without the signature of such Credit Party one or more UCC financing statements relating to liens on personal property relating to all or any part of the Collateral, which financing statements may list Agent as the “secured party” and such Credit Party as the “debtor” and which describe and indicate the collateral covered thereby as all or any part of the Collateral under the Financing Documents (including an indication of the collateral covered by any such financing statement as “all assets” of such Borrower now owned or hereafter acquired) in such jurisdictions as Agent from time to time determines are appropriate, and to file without the signature of such Credit Party any continuations of or corrective amendments to any such financing statements, in any such case in order for Agent to perfect, preserve or protect the Liens, rights and remedies of Agent with respect to the Collateral. Each Credit Party also ratifies its authorization for Agent to have filed in any jurisdiction any initial financing statements or amendments thereto if filed prior to the date hereof.
(vii) As of the Closing Date, no Credit Party holds, and after the Closing Date Credit Parties shall promptly notify Agent in writing upon creation or acquisition by any Credit Party of, any Collateral which constitutes a claim against any Governmental Authority, including, without limitation, the federal government of the United States or any instrumentality or agency
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thereof, the assignment of which claim is restricted by any applicable Law, including, without limitation, the federal Assignment of Claims Act and any other comparable Law. Upon the request of Agent, Credit Parties shall take such steps as may be necessary or desirable, or that Agent may request, to comply with any such applicable Law.
(viii) Credit Parties shall furnish to Agent from time to time any statements and schedules further identifying or describing the Collateral and any other information, reports or evidence concerning the Collateral as Agent may reasonably request from time to time.
(h) Schedule 9.1(A) sets forth all Pledged Collateral in which the Credit Parties have rights. Credit Parties have good and marketable title to the Pledged Collateral. Credit Parties are the sole owner of all of the Pledged Collateral, free and clear of all security interests, pledges, voting trusts, agreements, liens, claims and encumbrances whatsoever, other than the security interests, assignments and liens granted under this Agreement and the other Financing Documents.
Article 10 - EVENTS OF DEFAULT
Section 10.1 Events of Default. For purposes of the Financing Documents, the occurrence of any of the following conditions and/or events, whether voluntary or involuntary, by operation of law or otherwise, shall constitute an “Event of Default”:
(a) (i) any Credit Party shall fail to pay (A) when due any principal or interest under any Financing Document (except, with respect to any interest payment, where the failure to make such payment is due solely to Agent’s administrative failure to ACH the payment from Borrower’s Deposit Account, in which case Borrower shall have three (3) Business Days to make such payment following such failure by Agent to ACH such funds) or (B) within three (3) Business Days after the same becomes due when due any premium or fee under any Financing Document or any other amount payable under any Financing Document, or (ii) there shall occur any default in the performance of or compliance with any of the following sections or articles of this Agreement: Section 2.11, Section 4.1, Section 4.2(b), Section 4.4(c), Section 4.6, Section 4.9, Section 4.11, Section 4.15, Section 4.16, Section 4.17, Article 5, Article 6, or Section 7.4;
(b) any Credit Party defaults in the performance of or compliance with any term contained in this Agreement or in any other Financing Document (other than occurrences described in other provisions of this Section 10.1 for which a different grace or cure period is specified or for which no grace or cure period is specified and thereby constitute immediate Events of Default) and such default is not remedied by the Credit Party or waived by Agent within thirty (30) days after the earlier of (i) receipt by Borrower Representative of notice from Agent or Required Lenders of such default, or (ii) actual knowledge of any Responsible Officer of the Borrower or any other Credit Party of such default;
(c) any written representation, warranty, certification or statement made by any Credit Party or any other Person in any Financing Document or in any certificate, financial statement or other document delivered pursuant to any Financing Document is incorrect in any respect (or in any material respect if such representation, warranty, certification or statement is not by its terms already qualified as to materiality) when made (or deemed made);
(d) (i) failure of any Credit Party to pay when due or within any applicable grace period any principal, interest or other amount on Debt (other than the Loans), or the occurrence of any breach, default, condition or event with respect to any Debt (other than the Loans), if the effect of such failure or occurrence is to cause or to permit the holder or holders of any such Debt, or to cause, Debt or other liabilities having an individual principal amount in excess of $1,000,000 or having an aggregate
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principal amount in excess of $2,500,000 to become or be declared due prior to its stated maturity, or (ii) without limiting the foregoing, the occurrence of any breach or default under any terms or provisions of any Subordinated Debt Document or under any agreement subordinating the Subordinated Debt to all or any portion of the Obligations or the occurrence of any event requiring (or that would allow the holders thereof to require) the prepayment or mandatory redemption of any Subordinated Debt;
(e) any Credit Party or any Subsidiary of a Credit Party shall commence a voluntary case or other proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to itself or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law or any analogous procedure or step is taken in any other jurisdiction) now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it or any substantial part of its property, or shall consent to any such relief or to the appointment of or taking possession by any such official in an involuntary case or other proceeding commenced against it, or shall make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall fail generally to pay its debts as they become due, or shall take any corporate action to authorize the foregoing;
(f) an involuntary case or other proceeding shall be commenced against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary of a Credit Party seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to it or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of it or any substantial part of its property, and such involuntary case or other proceeding shall remain undismissed and unstayed for a period of forty-five (45) days; or an order for relief shall be entered against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary of a Credit Party under applicable federal bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law in respect of (i) bankruptcy, liquidation, winding-up, dissolution or suspension of general operations, (ii) composition, rescheduling, reorganization, arrangement or readjustment of, or other relief from, or stay of proceedings to enforce, some or all of the debts or obligations, or (iii) possession, foreclosure, seizure or retention, sale or other disposition of, or other proceedings to enforce security over, all or any substantial part of the assets of such Credit Party or Subsidiary;
(g) (i) institution of any steps by any Person to terminate a Pension Plan if as a result of such termination any Credit Party or any member of the Controlled Group could be required to make a contribution to such Pension Plan, or could incur a liability or obligation to such Pension Plan, in excess of $500,000, (ii) a contribution failure occurs with respect to any Pension Plan sufficient to give rise to a Lien under Section 303(k) of ERISA or Section 430(k) of the Code or an event occurs that could reasonably be expected to give rise to a Lien under Section 4068 of ERISA, or (iii) there shall occur any withdrawal or partial withdrawal from a Multiemployer Plan and the withdrawal liability (without unaccrued interest) to Multiemployer Plans as a result of such withdrawal (including any outstanding withdrawal liability that any Credit Party or any member of the Controlled Group have incurred on the date of such withdrawal) exceeds $500,000;
(h) there is entered against any Credit Party or any Subsidiary thereof (i) one or more judgments or orders for the payment of money or involving in the aggregate a liability (in each case, not fully covered or paid by insurance as to which the relevant insurance company has not denied or disputed coverage) of $2,500,000 or more, (ii) one or more fines or penalties issued by any Governmental Authority involving in the aggregate a liability (not fully covered or paid by insurance as to which the relevant insurance company has not denied or disputed coverage) of $2,500,000 or more, or (iii) one or more non-monetary judgments that have, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect and, in any case if (i), (ii) or (iii), (A) enforcement proceedings are commenced by any creditor or any such Governmental Authority, as applicable, upon such judgment, order, penalty or fine, as applicable, or (B) such judgment, order, penalty or fine, as applicable, shall not
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have been vacated, discharged, stayed or bonded, as applicable, pending appeal within 30 days from the entry or issuance thereof;
(i) except solely as a result of any action or inaction of Agent or any Lenders (provided that such action or inaction is not caused by a Credit Party’s failure to comply with the terms of the Financing Documents), any Lien created by any of the Security Documents shall at any time fail to constitute a valid and perfected Lien on a material portion of the Collateral purported to be encumbered thereby, subject to no prior or equal Lien except Permitted Liens, or any Credit Party shall so assert;
(j) the institution by any Governmental Authority of criminal proceedings against any Credit Party;
(k) a default or event of default occurs under any other Financing Document and any applicable grace period under such Financing Document has expired;
(l) if any Credit Party is or becomes an entity whose equity is registered with the SEC, and/or is publicly traded on and/or registered with a public securities exchange, such Credit Party’s equity fails to remain registered with the SEC in good standing, and/or such equity fails to remain publicly traded on and registered with a public securities exchange;
(m) the occurrence of any fact, event or circumstance that has resulted in a Material Adverse Effect;
(n) (i) the institution of any action or proceeding by FDA or any other Governmental Authority to revoke, suspend, reject, withdraw, limit, or restrict any Regulatory Required Permit held by any Credit Party, its Subsidiaries or any representative of Borrower or its Subsidiaries, which, in each case or in the aggregate, has or could reasonably be expected to result in Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) the commencement of any enforcement action against any Credit Party, its Subsidiaries or any representative of any Credit Party or its Subsidiaries (with respect to the business of any Credit Party or its Subsidiaries) by FDA or any other Governmental Authority which has or could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
(o) any Credit Party defaults under or breaches any Material Contract (after any applicable grace period contained therein), or a Material Contract shall be terminated by a third party or parties party thereto prior to the expiration thereof, or there is a loss of a material right of a Credit Party under any Material Contract to which it is a party, in each case, where such default or breach has or could be reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
(p) the occurrence of a Change in Control; or
(q) any of the Financing Documents shall for any reason fail to constitute the valid and binding agreement of any party thereto, or any Credit Party shall so assert, in each case, unless such Financing Document terminates pursuant to the terms and conditions thereof without any breach or default thereunder by any Credit Party thereto.
All cure periods provided for in this Section 10.1 shall run concurrently with any cure period provided for in any applicable Financing Documents under which the default occurred.
Section 10.2 Acceleration and Suspension or Termination of Revolving Loan Commitment and Term Loan Commitment. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, Agent may, and shall if requested by Required Lenders, (a) by notice to Borrower Representative suspend or
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terminate the Revolving Loan Commitment and/or Term Loan Commitment and the obligations of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and the Lenders with respect thereto, in whole or in part (and, if in part, each Lender’s Revolving Loan Commitment and/or Term Loan Commitment shall be reduced in accordance with its Pro Rata Share), and/or (b) by notice to Borrower Representative declare all or any portion of the Obligations to be, and the Obligations shall thereupon become, immediately due and payable, with accrued interest thereon, without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by each Credit Party and Credit Parties will pay the same; provided, however, that in the case of any of the Events of Default specified in Section 10.1(e) or 10.1(f) above, without any notice to any Credit Party or any other act by Agent or the Lenders, the Revolving Loan Commitment and Term Loan Commitment and the obligations of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and the Lenders with respect thereto shall thereupon immediately and automatically terminate and all of the Obligations shall become immediately and automatically due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by each Credit Party and Credit Parties will pay the same.
Section 10.3 UCC Remedies.
(a) Upon the occurrence of and during the continuance of an Event of Default under this Agreement or the other Financing Documents, Agent, in addition to all other rights, options, and remedies granted to Agent under this Agreement or at law or in equity, may exercise, either directly or through one or more assignees or designees, all rights and remedies granted to it under all Financing Documents and under the UCC in effect in the applicable jurisdiction(s) and under any other applicable law; including, without limitation:
(i) the right to take possession of, send notices regarding, and collect directly the Collateral, with or without judicial process;
(ii) the right to (by its own means or with judicial assistance) enter any of Credit Parties’ premises and take possession of the Collateral, or render it unusable, or to render it usable or saleable, or dispose of the Collateral on such premises in compliance with subsection (iii) below and to take possession of Credit Parties’ original books and records, to obtain access to Credit Parties’ data processing equipment, computer hardware and software relating to the Collateral and to use all of the foregoing and the information contained therein in any manner Agent deems appropriate, without any liability for rent, storage, utilities, or other sums, and Credit Parties shall not resist or interfere with such action (if Credit Parties’ books and records are prepared or maintained by an accounting service, contractor or other third party agent, Credit Parties hereby irrevocably authorize such service, contractor or other agent, upon notice by Agent to such Person that an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, to deliver to Agent or its designees such books and records, and to follow Agent’s instructions with respect to further services to be rendered);
(iii) the right to require Credit Parties at Credit Parties’ expense to assemble all or any part of the Collateral and make it available to Agent at any place designated by Lender;
(iv) the right to notify postal authorities to change the address for delivery of Credit Parties’ mail to an address designated by Agent and to receive, open and dispose of all mail addressed to any Credit Party; and/or
(v) the right to enforce Credit Parties’ rights against Account Debtors and other obligors, including, without limitation, (i) the right to collect Accounts directly in Agent’s own name (as agent for Lenders) and to charge the collection costs and expenses, including documented out-of-pocket attorneys’ fees, to Credit Parties, and (ii) the right, in the name of Agent
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or any designee of Agent or Credit Parties, to verify the validity, amount or any other matter relating to any Accounts by mail, telephone, telegraph or otherwise, including, without limitation, verification of Credit Parties’ compliance with applicable Laws. Credit Parties shall cooperate fully with Agent in an effort to facilitate and promptly conclude such verification process. Such verification may include contacts between Agent and applicable federal, state and local regulatory authorities having jurisdiction over the Credit Parties’ affairs, all of which contacts Credit Parties hereby irrevocably authorize.
(b) Each Credit Party agrees that a notice received by it at least ten (10) days before the time of any intended public sale, or the time after which any private sale or other disposition of the Collateral is to be made, shall be deemed to be reasonable notice of such sale or other disposition. If permitted by applicable law, any perishable Collateral which threatens to speedily decline in value or which is sold on a recognized market may be sold immediately by Agent without prior notice to Credit Parties. At any sale or disposition of Collateral, Agent may (to the extent permitted by applicable law) purchase all or any part of the Collateral, free from any right of redemption by Credit Parties, which right is hereby waived and released. Each Credit Party covenants and agrees not to interfere with or impose any obstacle to Agent’s exercise of its rights and remedies with respect to the Collateral. Agent shall have no obligation to clean-up or otherwise prepare the Collateral for sale. Agent may comply with any applicable state or federal law requirements in connection with a disposition of the Collateral and compliance will not be considered to adversely affect the commercial reasonableness of any sale of the Collateral. Agent may sell the Collateral without giving any warranties as to the Collateral. Agent may specifically disclaim any warranties of title or the like. This procedure will not be considered to adversely affect the commercial reasonableness of any sale of the Collateral. If Agent sells any of the Collateral upon credit, Credit Parties will be credited only with payments actually made by the purchaser, received by Agent and applied to the indebtedness of the purchaser. In the event the purchaser fails to pay for the Collateral, Agent may resell the Collateral and Credit Parties shall be credited with the proceeds of the sale. Credit Parties shall remain liable for any deficiency if the proceeds of any sale or disposition of the Collateral are insufficient to pay all Obligations.
(c) Without restricting the generality of the foregoing and for the purposes aforesaid, each Credit Party hereby appoints and constitutes Agent its lawful attorney-in-fact with full power of substitution in the Collateral, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, to (i) use unadvanced funds remaining under this Agreement or which may be reserved, escrowed or set aside for any purposes hereunder at any time, or to advance funds in excess of the face amount of the Notes, (ii) pay, settle or compromise all existing bills and claims, which may be Liens or security interests, or to avoid such bills and claims becoming Liens against the Collateral, (iii) execute all applications and certificates in the name of such Credit Party and to prosecute and defend all actions or proceedings in connection with the Collateral, and (iv) do any and every act which such Credit Party might do in its own behalf; it being understood and agreed that this power of attorney in this subsection (c) shall be a power coupled with an interest and cannot be revoked.
(d) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, subject to any right of any third parties and/or any agreement between any Borrower and any third party to the extent not granted or entered into in contravention of the terms of this Agreement, Agent and each Lender is hereby granted a non-exclusive, royalty-free license or other right to use, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, without charge, Credit Parties’ labels, mask works, rights of use of any name, any other Intellectual Property and advertising matter, and any similar property as it pertains to the Collateral, in completing production of, advertising for sale, and selling any Collateral and, in connection with Agent’s exercise of its rights under this Article, Credit Parties’ rights under all licenses (whether as licensor or licensee) and all franchise agreements inure to Agent’s and each Lender’s benefit, subject to any rights of third party licensors or licensees, as applicable.
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Section 10.4 Protective Payments. If any Credit Party fails to pay or perform any covenant or obligation under this Agreement or any other Financing Document, Agent may pay or perform such covenant or obligation, and all amounts so paid by Agent are Protective Advances and immediately due and payable, constituting principal and bearing interest at the then highest applicable rate for the Loans hereunder, and secured by the Collateral. No such payments or performance by Agent shall be construed as an agreement to make similar payments or performance in the future or constitute Agent’s waiver of any Event of Default. Without limiting the foregoing, each Lender and Borrower hereby authorizes Agent, without the necessity of any notice or further consent from any Lender, from time to time prior to a Default, to make any Protective Advance with respect to any Collateral or the Financing Documents which may be necessary to protect the priority, validity or enforceability of any lien on, and security interest in, any Collateral and the instruments evidencing or securing the obligations of Borrower under the Financing Documents. Credit Parties agree to pay on demand all Protective Advances. The Lenders must reimburse Agent for any Protective Advances (in accordance with their Pro Rata Shares) to the extent not reimbursed by Credit Parties.
Section 10.5 Default Rate of Interest. At the election of Agent or Required Lenders, after the occurrence of an Event of Default and for so long as it continues, the Loans and other Obligations shall bear interest at rates that are two percent (2.0%) per annum in excess of the rates otherwise payable under this Agreement; provided, however, that in the case of any Event of Default specified in Section 10.1(e) or 10.1(f) above, such default rates shall apply immediately and automatically without the need for any election or action of any kind on the part of Agent or any Lender.
Section 10.6 Setoff Rights. During the continuance of any Event of Default, each Lender is hereby authorized by each Credit Party at any time or from time to time, with reasonably prompt subsequent notice to such Credit Party (any prior or contemporaneous notice being hereby expressly waived) to set off and to appropriate and to apply any and all (a) balances held by such Lender or any of such Lender’s Affiliates at any of its offices for the account of such Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries (regardless of whether such balances are then due to such Credit Party or its Subsidiaries), and (b) other property at any time held or owing by such Lender to or for the credit or for the account of such Credit Party or any of its Subsidiaries, against and on account of any of the Obligations (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made); except that no Lender shall exercise any such right without the prior written consent of Agent. Any Lender exercising a right to set off shall purchase for cash (and the other Lenders shall sell) interests in each of such other Lender’s Pro Rata Share of the Obligations as would be necessary to cause all Lenders to share the amount so set off with each other Lender in accordance with their respective Pro Rata Share of the Obligations. Each Credit Party agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that any Lender and any of such Lender’s Affiliates may exercise its right to set off with respect to the Obligations as provided in this Section 10.6.
Section 10.7 Application of Proceeds.
(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, each Credit Party irrevocably waives the right to direct the application of any and all payments at any time or times thereafter received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer from or on behalf of such Borrower or any Guarantor of all or any part of the Obligations, and, as between Credit Parties on the one hand and Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders on the other, Agent shall have the continuing and exclusive right to apply and to reapply any and all payments received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer against the Obligations in such manner as Agent may deem advisable notwithstanding any previous application by Agent.
(b) Following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, but absent the occurrence and continuance of an Acceleration Event, Agent and Term Loan Servicer, as
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applicable, shall apply any and all payments received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer (as applicable) in respect of the Obligations, and any and all proceeds of Collateral received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, in such order as Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may from time to time elect.
(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, if an Acceleration Event shall have occurred, and so long as it continues, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall apply any and all payments received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, in respect of the Obligations, and any and all proceeds of Collateral received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, in the following order: first, to all fees, costs, indemnities, liabilities, obligations, and expenses incurred by or owing to Agent or Term Loan Servicer with respect to this Agreement, the other Financing Documents or the Collateral and all Protective Advances and all accrued and unpaid interest due in respect of Protective Advances; second, to all fees, costs, indemnities, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by or owing to any Lender with respect to this Agreement, the other Financing Documents or the Collateral; third, to accrued and unpaid interest on the Obligations (including any interest which, but for the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, would have accrued on such amounts); fourth, to the principal amount of the Obligations outstanding; and fifth to any other indebtedness or obligations of Credit Parties owing to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender under the Financing Documents. Any balance remaining shall be delivered to Credit Parties or to whomever may be lawfully entitled to receive such balance or as a court of competent jurisdiction may direct. In carrying out the foregoing, (y) amounts received shall be applied in the numerical order provided until exhausted prior to the application to the next succeeding category, and (z) each of the Persons entitled to receive a payment in any particular category shall receive an amount equal to its Pro Rata Share of amounts available to be applied pursuant thereto for such category.
Section 10.8 Waivers.
(a) Except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, each Credit Party waives: (i) presentment, demand and protest, and notice of presentment, dishonor, intent to accelerate, acceleration, protest, default, nonpayment, maturity, release, compromise, settlement, extension or renewal of any or all Financing Documents, the Notes or any other notes, commercial paper, accounts, contracts, documents, Instruments, Chattel Paper and Guarantees at any time held by Lenders on which any Credit Party may in any way be liable, and hereby ratifies and confirms whatever Lenders may lawfully do in this regard; (ii) all rights to notice and a hearing prior to Agent’s or any Lender’s taking possession or control of, or to Agent’s or any Lender’s replevy, attachment or levy upon, any Collateral or any bond or security which might be required by any court prior to allowing Agent or any Lender to exercise any of its remedies; and (iii) the benefit of all valuation, appraisal and exemption Laws. Each Credit Party acknowledges that it has been advised by counsel of its choices and decisions with respect to this Agreement, the other Financing Documents and the transactions evidenced hereby and thereby.
(b) Each Credit Party for itself and all its successors and assigns, (i) agrees that its liability shall not be in any manner affected by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver, or modification granted or consented to by Lender and made in accordance with the terms of any Financing Document; (ii) consents to any indulgences and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender with respect to the payment or other provisions of the Financing Documents and made in accordance with the terms of any Financing Document, and to any substitution, exchange or release of the Collateral, or any part thereof, with or without substitution, and agrees to the addition or release of any Credit Party, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties, or whether primarily or secondarily liable, without notice to any other Credit Party and without affecting its liability hereunder; (iii) agrees that its liability shall be unconditional and without regard to the liability of any other Credit Party, Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender for any tax on
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the indebtedness; and (iv) to the fullest extent permitted by law, expressly waives the benefit of any statute or rule of law or equity now provided, or which may hereafter be provided, which would produce a result contrary to or in conflict with the foregoing.
(c) To the extent that Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender may have acquiesced in any noncompliance with any requirements or conditions precedent to the closing of the Loans or to any subsequent disbursement of Loan proceeds, such acquiescence shall not be deemed to constitute a waiver by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender of such requirements with respect to any future disbursements of Loan proceeds and Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender may at any time after such acquiescence require Credit Parties to comply with all such requirements. Any forbearance by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lender in exercising any right or remedy under any of the Financing Documents, or otherwise afforded by applicable law, including any failure to accelerate the maturity date of the Loans, shall not be a waiver of or preclude the exercise of any right or remedy nor shall it serve as a novation of the Notes or as a reinstatement of the Loans or a waiver of such right of acceleration or the right to insist upon strict compliance of the terms of the Financing Documents. Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s or any Lender’s acceptance of payment of any sum secured by any of the Financing Documents after the due date of such payment shall not be a waiver of Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s and such Lender’s right to either require prompt payment when due of all other sums so secured or to declare a default for failure to make prompt payment. The procurement of insurance or the payment of taxes or other Liens or charges by Agent as the result of an Event of Default shall not be a waiver of Agent’s right to accelerate the maturity of the Loans, nor shall Agent’s receipt of any condemnation awards, insurance proceeds, or damages under this Agreement operate to cure or waive any Credit Party’s default in payment of sums secured by any of the Financing Documents.
(d) Without limiting the generality of anything contained in this Agreement or the other Financing Documents, each Credit Party agrees that if an Event of Default is continuing (i) Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders shall not be subject to any “one action” or “election of remedies” law or rule, and (ii) all Liens and other rights, remedies or privileges provided to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders shall remain in full force and effect until Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders have exhausted all remedies against the Collateral and any other properties owned by Credit Parties and the Financing Documents and other security instruments or agreements securing the Loans have been foreclosed, sold and/or otherwise realized upon in satisfaction of Credit Parties’ obligations under the Financing Documents.
(e) Nothing contained herein or in any other Financing Document shall be construed as requiring Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender to resort to any part of the Collateral for the satisfaction of any of Credit Parties’ obligations under the Financing Documents in preference or priority to any other Collateral, and Agent may seek satisfaction out of all of the Collateral or any part thereof, in its absolute discretion in respect of Credit Parties’ obligations under the Financing Documents. In addition, Agent shall have the right from time to time to partially foreclose upon any Collateral in any manner and for any amounts secured by the Financing Documents then due and payable as determined by Agent in its sole discretion, including, without limitation, the following circumstances: (i) in the event any Credit Party defaults beyond any applicable grace period in the payment of one or more scheduled payments of principal and/or interest, Agent may foreclose upon all or any part of the Collateral to recover such delinquent payments, or (ii) in the event Agent elects to accelerate less than the entire outstanding principal balance of the Loans, Agent may foreclose all or any part of the Collateral to recover so much of the principal balance of the Loans as Lender may accelerate and such other sums secured by one or more of the Financing Documents as Agent may elect. Notwithstanding one or more partial foreclosures, any unforeclosed Collateral shall remain subject to the Financing Documents to secure payment of sums secured by the Financing Documents and not previously recovered.
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(f) To the fullest extent permitted by law, each Credit Party, for itself and its successors and assigns, waives in the event of foreclosure of any or all of the Collateral any equitable right otherwise available to any Credit Party which would require the separate sale of any of the Collateral or require Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders to exhaust their remedies against any part of the Collateral before proceeding against any other part of the Collateral; and further in the event of such foreclosure each Credit Party does hereby expressly consent to and authorize, at the option of Agent, the foreclosure and sale either separately or together of each part of the Collateral.
Section 10.9 Injunctive Relief. The parties acknowledge and agree that, in the event of a breach or threatened breach of any Credit Party’s obligations under any Financing Documents, Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders may have no adequate remedy in money damages and, accordingly, shall be entitled to an injunction (including, without limitation, a temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction, writ of attachment, or order compelling an audit) against such breach or threatened breach, including, without limitation, maintaining any cash management and collection procedure described herein. However, no specification in this Agreement of a specific legal or equitable remedy shall be construed as a waiver or prohibition against any other legal or equitable remedies in the event of a breach or threatened breach of any provision of this Agreement. Each Credit Party waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the requirement of the posting of any bond in connection with such injunctive relief. By joining in the Financing Documents as a Credit Party, each Credit Party specifically joins in this Section as if this Section were a part of each Financing Document executed by such Credit Party.
Section 10.10 Marshalling; Payments Set Aside. Neither Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor any Lender shall be under any obligation to marshal any assets in payment of any or all of the Obligations. To the extent that any Credit Party makes any payment or Agent enforces its Liens or Agent, Term Loan Servicer, or any Lender exercises its right of set-off, and such payment or the proceeds of such enforcement or set-off is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, or required to be repaid by anyone, then to the extent of such recovery, the Obligations or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied, and all Liens, rights and remedies therefor, shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or set-off had not occurred.
Article 11 - AGENT
Section 11.1 Appointment and Authorization.
(a) Each Lender hereby irrevocably appoints and authorizes Agent to enter into each of the Financing Documents to which it is a party (other than this Agreement) on its behalf and to take such actions as Agent on its behalf and to exercise such powers under the Financing Documents as are delegated to Agent by the terms thereof, together with all such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto.
(b) Each Lender hereby irrevocably appoints and authorizes Term Loan Servicer to take such actions as Term Loan Servicer on its behalf and to exercise such powers under the Financing Documents as are delegated to Term Loan Servicer by the terms thereof, together with all such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto.
(c) Subject to the terms of Section 11.16 and to the terms of the other Financing Documents, Agent is authorized and empowered to amend, modify, or waive any provisions of this Agreement or the other Financing Documents on behalf of Lenders and Term Loan Servicer.
(d) The provisions of this Article 11 are solely for the benefit of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders and neither any Borrower nor any other Credit Party shall have any rights as a third party beneficiary of any of the provisions hereof. In performing its functions and duties under this
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Agreement, Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall each act solely as agent of Lenders and does not assume and shall not be deemed to have assumed any obligation toward or relationship of agency or trust with or for any Borrower or any other Credit Party.
(e) Each of Agent and Term Loan Servicer may, upon any term or condition it specifies, delegate or exercise any of its rights, powers and remedies under, and delegate or perform any of its duties or any other action with respect to, any Financing Document by or through any agents, servicers, trustees, investment managers, employees, attorney-in-fact or any other Person (including any Lender). Any such Person shall benefit from this Article 11 to the extent provided by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable.
Section 11.2 Agents and Affiliates. Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall have the same rights and powers under the Financing Documents as any other Lender and may exercise or refrain from exercising the same as though it were not Agent, and Agent and Term Loan Servicer and their respective Affiliates may lend money to, invest in and generally engage in any kind of business with each Credit Party or Affiliate of any Credit Party as if it were not Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, hereunder.
Section 11.3 Action by Agents. The duties of Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall be mechanical and administrative in nature. Neither Agent nor Term Loan Servicer shall have by reason of this Agreement a fiduciary relationship in respect of any Lender. Nothing in this Agreement or any of the Financing Documents is intended to or shall be construed to impose upon Agent or Term Loan Servicer any obligations in respect of this Agreement or any of the Financing Documents except as expressly set forth herein or therein.
Section 11.4 Consultation with Experts. Agent and Term Loan Servicer may consult with legal counsel, independent public accountants and other experts selected by it and shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the advice of such counsel, accountants or experts.
Section 11.5 Liability of Agent. None of Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor any of their directors, officers, agents, trustees, investment managers, servicers or employees shall be liable to any Lender for any action taken or not taken by it in connection with the Financing Documents, except that Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall each be liable with respect to its specific duties set forth hereunder but only to the extent of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct in the discharge thereof as determined by a final non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction. None of Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor any of their directors, officers, agents, trustees, investment managers, servicers or employees shall be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain, inquire into or verify (a) any statement, warranty or representation made in connection with any Financing Document or any borrowing hereunder; (b) the performance or observance of any of the covenants or agreements specified in any Financing Document; (c) the satisfaction of any condition specified in any Financing Document; (d) the validity, effectiveness, sufficiency or genuineness of any Financing Document, any Lien purported to be created or perfected thereby or any other instrument or writing furnished in connection therewith; (e) the existence or non-existence of any Default or Event of Default; or (f) the financial condition of any Credit Party. Neither Agent nor Term Loan Servicer shall incur any liability by acting in reliance upon any notice, consent, certificate, statement, or other writing (which may be a bank wire, facsimile or electronic transmission or similar writing) believed by it to be genuine or to be signed by the proper party or parties. Neither Agent nor Term Loan Servicer shall be liable for any apportionment or distribution of payments made by it in good faith and if any such apportionment or distribution is subsequently determined to have been made in error the sole recourse of any Lender to whom payment was due but not made, shall be to recover from other Lenders any payment in excess of the amount to which they are determined to be entitled (and such other Lenders hereby agree to return to such Lender any such Erroneous Payments received by them).
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Section 11.6 Indemnification. Each Lender shall, in accordance with its Pro Rata Share, indemnify Agent and Term Loan Servicer (to the extent not reimbursed by Credit Parties) upon demand against any cost, expense (including counsel fees and disbursements), claim, demand, action, loss or liability (except such as result from Agent’s or Term Loan Servicer’s, as applicable, gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined by a final non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction) that Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may suffer or incur in connection with the Financing Documents or any action taken or omitted by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, hereunder or thereunder. If any indemnity furnished to Agent or Term Loan Servicer for any purpose shall, in the opinion of Agent or Term Loan Servicer (as applicable), be insufficient or become impaired, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may call for additional indemnity and cease, or not commence, to do the acts indemnified against even if so directed by Required Lenders until such additional indemnity is furnished.
Section 11.7 Right to Request and Act on Instructions. Agent and Term Loan Servicer may at any time request instructions from Lenders with respect to any actions or approvals which by the terms of this Agreement or of any of the Financing Documents Agent or Term Loan Servicer is permitted or desires to take or to grant, and if such instructions are promptly requested, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall be absolutely entitled to refrain from taking any action or to withhold any approval and shall not be under any liability whatsoever to any Person for refraining from any action or withholding any approval under any of the Financing Documents until it shall have received such instructions from Required Lenders or all or such other portion of the Lenders as shall be prescribed by this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing, no Lender shall have any right of action whatsoever against Agent or Term Loan Servicer as a result of Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, acting or refraining from acting under this Agreement or any of the other Financing Documents in accordance with the instructions of Required Lenders (or all or such other portion of the Lenders as shall be prescribed by this Agreement) and, notwithstanding the instructions of Required Lenders (or such other applicable portion of the Lenders), neither Agent nor Term Loan Servicer shall have any obligation to take any action if it believes, in good faith, that such action would violate applicable Law or exposes Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, to any liability for which it has not received satisfactory indemnification in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.6.
Section 11.8 Credit Decision. Each Lender acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement. Each Lender also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit decisions in taking or not taking any action under the Financing Documents.
Section 11.9 Collateral Matters. Lenders irrevocably authorize Agent, at its option and in its discretion, to (a) release any Lien granted to or held by Agent under any Security Document (i) upon termination of the Revolving Loan Commitment and Term Loan Commitment and payment in full of all Obligations (other than inchoate indemnification obligations for which no claim has yet been made); or (ii) constituting property sold or disposed of as part of or in connection with any disposition permitted under any Financing Document (it being understood and agreed that Agent may conclusively rely without further inquiry on a certificate of a Responsible Officer as to the sale or other disposition of property being made in full compliance with the provisions of the Financing Documents); and (b) subordinate any Lien granted to or held by Agent under any Security Document to a Permitted Lien that is allowed to have priority over the Liens granted to or held by Agent pursuant to the definition of “Permitted Liens”. Upon request by Agent at any time, Lenders will confirm Agent’s authority to release and/or subordinate particular types or items of Collateral pursuant to this Section 11.9.
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Section 11.10 Agency for Perfection. Agent and each Lender hereby appoint each other Lender as agent for the purpose of perfecting Agent’s security interest in assets which, in accordance with the Uniform Commercial Code in any applicable jurisdiction, can be perfected by possession or control. Should any Lender (other than Agent) obtain possession or control of any such assets, such Lender shall notify Agent thereof, and, promptly upon Agent’s request therefor, shall deliver such assets to Agent or in accordance with Agent’s instructions or transfer control to Agent in accordance with Agent’s instructions. Each Lender agrees that it will not have any right individually to enforce or seek to enforce any Security Document or to realize upon any Collateral for the Loan unless instructed to do so by Agent (or consented to by Agent), it being understood and agreed that such rights and remedies may be exercised only by Agent.
Section 11.11 Notice of Default. Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default except with respect to defaults in the payment of principal, interest and fees required to be paid to Agent for the account of Lenders, unless Agent shall have received written notice from a Lender or a Credit Party referring to this Agreement, describing such Default or Event of Default and stating that such notice is a “notice of default”. Agent will notify each Lender of its receipt of any such notice. Agent shall take such action with respect to such Default or Event of Default as may be requested by Required Lenders (or all or such other portion of the Lenders as shall be prescribed by this Agreement) in accordance with the terms hereof. Unless and until Agent has received any such request, Agent may (but shall not be obligated to) take such action, or refrain from taking such action, with respect to such Default or Event of Default as it shall deem advisable or in the best interests of Lenders.
Section 11.12 Assignment by Agent; Resignation of Agent; Successor Agent.
(a) Agent and/or Term Loan Servicer may at any time assign its rights, powers, privileges and duties hereunder to (i) another Lender or an Affiliate of Agent or any Lender or any Approved Fund, or (ii) any Eligible Assignee to whom Agent or Term Loan Servicer, in its capacity as a Lender, has assigned (or will assign, in conjunction with such assignment of agency rights hereunder) 50% or more of its Loan, in each case without the consent of the Lenders or Credit Parties. Following any such assignment, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall endeavor to give notice to the Lenders and Borrowers. Failure to give such notice shall not affect such assignment in any way or cause the assignment to be ineffective. An assignment by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, pursuant to this subsection (a) shall not be deemed a resignation by Agent for purposes of subsection (b) below.
(b) Without limiting the rights of Agent or Term Loan Servicer to designate an assignee pursuant to subsection (a) above, Agent or Term Loan Servicer may at any time give notice of its resignation to the Lenders and Borrowers. Upon receipt of any such notice of resignation, Required Lenders shall have the right to appoint a successor Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, which successor Agent or Term Loan Servicer shall be an Eligible Assignee. If no such successor shall have been so appointed by Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within ten (10) Business Days after the retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer gives notice of its resignation, then the retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer may on behalf of the Lenders, appoint a successor Agent or Term Loan Servicer; provided, however, that if Agent or Term Loan Servicer shall notify Borrowers and the Lenders that no Person has accepted such appointment, then such resignation shall nonetheless become effective in accordance with such notice from Agent or Term Loan Servicer that no Person has accepted such appointment and, from and following delivery of such notice, (i) the retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Financing Documents, and (ii) all payments, communications and determinations provided to be made by, to or through Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, shall instead be made by or to each Lender directly, until such time as Required Lenders appoint a successor Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, as provided for above in this paragraph.
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(c) Upon (i) an assignment permitted by subsection (a) above, or (ii) the acceptance of a successor’s appointment as Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, pursuant to subsection (b) above, such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring (or retired) Agent or Term Loan Servicer, and the retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer shall be discharged from all of its duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Financing Documents (if not already discharged therefrom as provided above in this paragraph). The fees payable by Borrowers to a successor Agent or Term Loan Servicer shall be the same as those payable to its predecessor unless otherwise agreed between Borrowers and such successor. After the retiring Agent’s resignation or retiring Term Loan Servicer’s resignation (as applicable) hereunder and under the other Financing Documents, the provisions of this Article 11 and Section 11.12 shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer and its sub-agents in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them while the retiring Agent or Term Loan Servicer was acting or was continuing to act as Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable.
Section 11.13 Payment and Sharing of Payment.
(a) Revolving Loan Advances, Payments and Settlements; Interest and Fee Payments.
(i) Agent shall have the right, on behalf of Revolving Lenders to disburse funds to Borrowers for all Revolving Loans requested or deemed requested by Borrowers pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. Agent shall be conclusively entitled to assume, for purposes of the preceding sentence, that each Revolving Lender, other than any Non-Funding Lenders, will fund its Pro Rata Share of all Revolving Loans requested by Borrowers. Each Revolving Lender shall reimburse Agent on demand, in accordance with the provisions of the immediately following paragraph, for all funds disbursed on its behalf by Agent pursuant to the first sentence of this clause (i), or if Agent so requests, each Revolving Lender will remit to Agent its Pro Rata Share of any Revolving Loan before Agent disburses the same to a Borrower. If Agent elects to require that each Revolving Lender make funds available to Agent, prior to a disbursement by Agent to a Borrower, Agent shall advise each Revolving Lender by telephone, facsimile or e-mail of the amount of such Revolving Lender’s Pro Rata Share of the Revolving Loan requested by such Borrower no later than noon (Eastern time) on the date of funding of such Revolving Loan, and each such Revolving Lender shall pay Agent on such date such Revolving Lender’s Pro Rata Share of such requested Revolving Loan, in same day funds, by wire transfer to the Revolving Loan Payment Account, or such other account as may be identified by Agent to Revolving Lenders from time to time. If any Lender fails to pay the amount of its Pro Rata Share of any funds advanced by Agent pursuant to the first sentence of this clause (i) within one (1) Business Day after Agent’s demand, Agent shall promptly notify Borrower Representative, and Borrowers shall immediately repay such amount to Agent. Any repayment required by Borrowers pursuant to this Section 11.13 shall be accompanied by accrued interest thereon from and including the date such amount is made available to a Borrower to but excluding the date of payment at the rate of interest then applicable to Revolving Loans. Nothing in this Section 11.13 or elsewhere in this Agreement or the other Financing Documents shall be deemed to require Agent to advance funds on behalf of any Lender or to relieve any Lender from its obligation to fulfill its commitments hereunder or to prejudice any rights that Agent or any Borrower may have against any Lender as a result of any default by such Lender hereunder.
(ii) On a Business Day of each week as selected from time to time by Agent, or more frequently (including daily), if Agent so elects (each such day being a “Settlement Date”), Agent will advise each Revolving Lender by telephone, facsimile or e-mail of the amount of each such Revolving Lender’s percentage interest of the Revolving Loan balance as of the close of business of the Business Day immediately preceding the Settlement Date. In the event that
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payments are necessary to adjust the amount of such Revolving Lender’s actual percentage interest of the Revolving Loans to such Lender’s required percentage interest of the Revolving Loan balance as of any Settlement Date, the Revolving Lender from which such payment is due shall pay Agent, without setoff or discount, to the Payment Account before 1:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the Business Day following the Settlement Date the full amount necessary to make such adjustment. Any obligation arising pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance whatsoever. In the event settlement shall not have occurred by the date and time specified in the second preceding sentence, interest shall accrue on the unsettled amount at the rate of interest then applicable to Revolving Loans.
(iii) On each Settlement Date, Agent shall advise each Revolving Lender by telephone, facsimile or e-mail of the amount of such Revolving Lender’s percentage interest of principal, interest and fees paid for the benefit of Revolving Lenders with respect to each applicable Revolving Loan, to the extent of such Revolving Lender’s Revolving Loan Exposure with respect thereto, and shall make payment to such Revolving Lender before 1:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the Business Day following the Settlement Date of such amounts in accordance with wire instructions delivered by such Revolving Lender to Agent, as the same may be modified from time to time by written notice to Agent; provided, however, that, in the case such Revolving Lender is a Defaulted Lender, Agent shall be entitled to set off the funding short-fall against that Defaulted Lender’s respective share of all payments received from any Borrower.
(iv) On the Closing Date, Agent, on behalf of Lenders, may elect to advance to Borrowers the full amount of the initial Loans to be made on the Closing Date prior to receiving funds from Lenders, in reliance upon each Lender’s commitment to make its Pro Rata Share of such Loans to Borrowers in a timely manner on such date. If Agent elects to advance the initial Loans to Borrower in such manner, Agent shall be entitled to receive all interest that accrues on the Closing Date on each Lender’s Pro Rata Share of such Loans unless Agent receives such Lender’s Pro Rata Share of such Loans before 3:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the Closing Date.
(v) It is understood that for purposes of advances to Borrowers made pursuant to this Section 11.13, Agent will be using the funds of Agent, and pending settlement, (A) all funds transferred from the Revolving Loan Payment Account to the outstanding Revolving Loans shall be applied first to advances made by Agent to Borrowers pursuant to this Section 11.13, and (B) all interest accruing on such advances shall be payable to Agent.
(vi) The provisions of this Section 11.13(a) shall be deemed to be binding upon Agent and Lenders notwithstanding the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default, or any insolvency or bankruptcy proceeding pertaining to any Borrower or any other Credit Party.
(b) Term Loan Payments. Payments of principal, interest and fees in respect of the Term Loans will be settled on the date of receipt if received by Term Loan Servicer on the last Business Day of a month or on the Business Day immediately following the date of receipt if received on any day other than the last Business Day of a month; provided, however, that, in the case such Lender is a Defaulted Lender, Term Loan Servicer shall be entitled to set off the funding short-fall against that Defaulted Lender’s respective share of all payments received from any Credit Party.
(c) Return of Payments.
(i) If Agent or Term Loan Servicer pays an amount to a Lender under this Agreement in the belief or expectation that a related payment has been or will be received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, from a Credit Party and such related payment is not received
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by Agent, then Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, will be entitled to recover such amount from such Lender on demand without setoff, counterclaim or deduction of any kind, together with interest accruing on a daily basis at the Federal Funds Rate.
(ii) If Agent or Term Loan Servicer determines at any time that any amount received by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, under this Agreement must be returned to any Credit Party or paid to any other Person pursuant to any insolvency law or otherwise, then, notwithstanding any other term or condition of this Agreement or any other Financing Document, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, will not be required to distribute any portion thereof to any Lender. In addition, each Lender will repay to Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, on demand any portion of such amount that Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, has distributed to such Lender, together with interest at such rate, if any, as Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, is required to pay to any Credit Party or such other Person, without setoff, counterclaim or deduction of any kind.
(d) Defaulted Lenders. The failure of any Defaulted Lender to make any payment required by it hereunder shall not relieve any other Lender of its obligations to make payment, but neither any other Lender nor Agent nor Term Loan Servicer shall be responsible for the failure of any Defaulted Lender to make any payment required hereunder. Notwithstanding anything set forth herein to the contrary, a Defaulted Lender shall not have any voting or consent rights under or with respect to any Financing Document or constitute a “Lender” (or be included in the calculation of “Required Lenders” hereunder) for any voting or consent rights under or with respect to any Financing Document.
(e) Sharing of Payments. If any Lender shall obtain any payment or other recovery (whether voluntary, involuntary, by application of setoff or otherwise) on account of any Loan (other than pursuant to the terms of Section 2.8(d)) in excess of its Pro Rata Share of payments entitled pursuant to the other provisions of this Section 11.13, such Lender shall purchase from the other Lenders such participations in extensions of credit made by such other Lenders (without recourse, representation or warranty) as shall be necessary to cause such purchasing Lender to share the excess payment or other recovery ratably with each of them; provided, however, that if all or any portion of the excess payment or other recovery is thereafter required to be returned or otherwise recovered from such purchasing Lender, such portion of such purchase shall be rescinded and each Lender which has sold a participation to the purchasing Lender shall repay to the purchasing Lender the purchase price to the ratable extent of such return or recovery, without interest. Each Credit Party agrees that any Lender so purchasing a participation from another Lender pursuant to this clause (e) may, to the fullest extent permitted by law, exercise all its rights of payment (including pursuant to Section 10.6) with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were the direct creditor of Credit Parties in the amount of such participation). If under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, any Lender receives a secured claim in lieu of a setoff to which this clause (e) applies, such Lender shall, to the extent practicable, exercise its rights in respect of such secured claim in a manner consistent with the rights of the Lenders entitled under this clause (e) to share in the benefits of any recovery on such secured claim.
Section 11.14 Right to Perform, Preserve and Protect. If any Credit Party fails to perform any obligation hereunder or under any other Financing Document, Agent itself may, but shall not be obligated to, cause such obligation to be performed at Credit Parties’ expense. Agent is further authorized by the Credit Parties and the Lenders to make expenditures from time to time which Agent, in its reasonable business judgment, deems necessary or desirable to (a) preserve or protect the business conducted by the Credit Parties, the Collateral, or any portion thereof, and/or (b) enhance the likelihood of, or maximize the amount of, repayment of the Loan and other Obligations. Each Credit Party hereby agrees to reimburse Agent on demand for any and all costs, liabilities and obligations incurred by Agent pursuant to this Section 11.14. Each Lender hereby agrees to indemnify Agent upon demand for any and all costs, liabilities and
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obligations incurred by Agent pursuant to this Section 11.14, in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.6.
Section 11.15 Additional Titled Agents. Except for rights and powers, if any, expressly reserved under this Agreement to any bookrunner, arranger or to any titled agent named on the cover page of this Agreement, other than Agent and Term Loan Servicer (collectively, the “Additional Titled Agents”), and except for obligations, liabilities, duties and responsibilities, if any, expressly assumed under this Agreement by any Additional Titled Agent, no Additional Titled Agent, in such capacity, has any rights, powers, liabilities, duties or responsibilities hereunder or under any of the other Financing Documents. Without limiting the foregoing, no Additional Titled Agent shall have nor be deemed to have a fiduciary relationship with any Lender. At any time that any Lender serving as an Additional Titled Agent shall have transferred to any other Person (other than any Affiliates) all of its interests in the Loan, such Lender shall be deemed to have concurrently resigned as such Additional Titled Agent.
Section 11.16 Amendments and Waivers.
(a) No provision of this Agreement or any other Financing Document may be amended, waived or otherwise modified unless such amendment, waiver or other modification is in writing and is signed or otherwise approved by Borrowers, the Required Lenders and any other Lender to the extent required under Section 11.16(b); provided, however, the Fee Letter may be amended, or rights or privileges thereunder waived, in a writing executed only by the parties thereto.
(b) In addition to the required signatures under Section 11.16(a), no provision of this Agreement or any other Financing Document may be amended, waived or otherwise modified unless such amendment, waiver or other modification is in writing and is signed or otherwise approved by the following Persons:
(i) if any amendment, waiver or other modification would increase a Lender’s funding obligations in respect of any Loan, by such Lender; and/or
(ii) if the rights or duties of Agent are affected thereby, by Agent; and/or
(iii) if the rights or duties of Term Loan Servicer are affected thereby, by Term Loan Servicer,
provided, however, that, in each of (i) and (ii) above, no such amendment, waiver or other modification shall, unless signed or otherwise approved in writing by all the Lenders directly affected thereby, (A) reduce the principal of, rate of interest on or any fees with respect to any Loan or forgive any principal, interest (other than default interest) or fees (other than late charges) with respect to any Loan; (B) postpone the date fixed for, or waive, any payment (other than any mandatory prepayment pursuant to Section 2.1(b)(ii)) of principal of any Loan, or of interest on any Loan (other than default interest) or any fees provided for hereunder (other than late charges) or postpone the date of termination of any commitment of any Lender hereunder; (C) change the definition of the term Required Lenders or the percentage of Lenders which shall be required for Lenders to take any action hereunder; (D) release all or substantially all of the Collateral, authorize any Credit Party to sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the Collateral, release any Guarantor of all or any portion of the Obligations or its Guarantee obligations with respect thereto, or consent to a transfer of any of the Intellectual Property, except, in each case with respect to this clause (D), as otherwise may be provided in this Agreement or the other Financing Documents (including in connection with any disposition permitted hereunder); (E) amend, waive or otherwise modify this Section 11.16(b) or the definitions of the terms used in this Section 11.16(b) insofar as the definitions affect the substance of this Section 11.16(b); (F) consent to the assignment, delegation or other transfer by any Credit Party of any
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of its rights and obligations under any Financing Document or release any Credit Party of its payment obligations under any Financing Document, except, in each case with respect to this clause (F), pursuant to a merger or consolidation permitted pursuant to this Agreement; or (G) amend any of the provisions of Section 10.7 or amend any of the definitions Pro Rata Share, Revolving Loan Commitment, Term Loan Commitment, Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitments, Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitments, Revolving Loan Commitment Amount, Term Loan Commitment Amount, Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount, Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Amount, Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage, Term Loan Commitment Percentage or that provide for the Lenders to receive their Pro Rata Shares of any fees, payments, setoffs or proceeds of Collateral hereunder. It is hereby understood and agreed that all Lenders shall be deemed directly affected by an amendment, waiver or other modification of the type described in the preceding clauses (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) of the preceding sentence.
Section 11.17 Assignments and Participations.
(a) Assignments.
(i) Any Lender may at any time assign to one or more Eligible Assignees all or any portion of such Lender’s Loan together with all related obligations of such Lender hereunder. Except as Agent may otherwise agree, the amount of any such assignment (determined as of the date of the applicable Assignment Agreement or, if a “Trade Date” is specified in such Assignment Agreement, as of such Trade Date) shall be in a minimum aggregate amount equal to $1,000,000 or, if less, the assignor’s entire interests in the outstanding Loan; provided, however, that, in connection with simultaneous assignments to two or more related Approved Funds, such Approved Funds shall be treated as one assignee for purposes of determining compliance with the minimum assignment size referred to above. Credit Parties, Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall be entitled to continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with the interests so assigned to an Eligible Assignee until Agent shall have received and accepted an effective Assignment Agreement executed, delivered and fully completed by the applicable parties thereto and a processing fee of $3,500 to be paid by the assigning Lender; provided, however, that only one processing fee shall be payable in connection with simultaneous assignments to two or more related Approved Funds.
(ii) From and after the date on which the conditions described above have been met, (A) such Eligible Assignee shall be deemed automatically to have become a party hereto and, to the extent of the interests assigned to such Eligible Assignee pursuant to such Assignment Agreement, shall have the rights and obligations of a Lender hereunder, and (B) the assigning Lender, to the extent that rights and obligations hereunder have been assigned by it pursuant to such Assignment Agreement, shall be released from its rights and obligations hereunder (other than those that survive termination pursuant to Section 13.1). Upon the request of the Eligible Assignee (and, as applicable, the assigning Lender) pursuant to an effective Assignment Agreement, each Borrower shall execute and deliver to Agent for delivery to the Eligible Assignee (and, as applicable, the assigning Lender) Notes in the aggregate principal amount of the Eligible Assignee’s Loan (and, as applicable, Notes in the principal amount of that portion of the principal amount of the Loan retained by the assigning Lender). Upon receipt by the assigning Lender of such Note, the assigning Lender shall return to Borrower Representative any prior Note held by it.
(iii) Agent, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of Borrower, shall maintain at the office of its servicer located in Bethesda, Maryland a copy of each Assignment Agreement delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of each Lender, and the commitments of, and principal amount of the Loan owing to, such Lender pursuant to the terms hereof (the “Register”). The entries in such Register shall be conclusive, absent
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manifest error, and Borrower, Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders may treat each Person whose name is recorded therein pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement, notwithstanding notice to the contrary. Such Register shall be available for inspection by Borrower, Term Loan Servicer and any Lender, at any reasonable time upon reasonable prior notice to Agent. Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of Borrower maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each participant’s interest in the Obligations (each, a “Participant Register”). The entries in the Participant Registers shall be conclusive, absent manifest error. Each Participant Register shall be available for inspection by Borrower, Agent and Term Loan Servicer at any reasonable time upon reasonable prior notice to the applicable Lender; provided, that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participant's interest in any commitments, loans, letters of credit or its other obligations under any Financing Document) to any Person (including Borrower) except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such commitment, loan, letter of credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations. For the avoidance of doubt, Agent (in its capacity as Agent) and Term Loan Servicer (in its capacity as Term Loan Servicer) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register.
(iv) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.17(a) or any other provision of this Agreement, any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank; provided, however, that no such pledge or assignment shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.
(v) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.17(a) or any other provision of this Agreement, Agent has the right, but not the obligation, to effectuate assignments of Loan via an electronic settlement system acceptable to Agent as designated in writing from time to time to the Lenders by Agent (the “Settlement Service”). At any time when Agent elects, in its sole discretion, to implement such Settlement Service, each such assignment shall be effected by the assigning Lender and proposed assignee pursuant to the procedures then in effect under the Settlement Service, which procedures shall be consistent with the other provisions of this Section 11.17(a). Each assigning Lender and proposed Eligible Assignee shall comply with the requirements of the Settlement Service in connection with effecting any assignment of Loan pursuant to the Settlement Service. With the prior written approval of Agent, Agent’s approval of such Eligible Assignee shall be deemed to have been automatically granted with respect to any transfer effected through the Settlement Service. Assignments and assumptions of the Loan shall be effected by the provisions otherwise set forth herein until Agent notifies Lenders of the Settlement Service as set forth herein.
(b) Participations. Any Lender may at any time, without the consent of, or notice to, any Credit Party, Agent or Term Loan Servicer, sell to one or more Persons (other than any Credit Party or any Credit Party’s Affiliates) participating interests in its Loan, commitments or other interests hereunder (any such Person, a “Participant”). In the event of a sale by a Lender of a participating interest to a Participant, (i) such Lender’s obligations hereunder shall remain unchanged for all purposes, (ii) Credit Parties, Agent and Term Loan Servicer shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and obligations hereunder, and (iii) all amounts payable by each Credit Party shall be determined as if such Lender had not sold such participation and shall be paid directly to such Lender. Each Credit Party agrees that if amounts outstanding under this Agreement are due and payable (as a result of acceleration or otherwise), each Participant shall be deemed to have the
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right of set-off in respect of its participating interest in amounts owing under this Agreement to the same extent as if the amount of its participating interest were owing directly to it as a Lender under this Agreement; provided, however, that such right of set-off shall be subject to the obligation of each Participant to share with Lenders, and Lenders agree to share with each Participant, as provided in Section 11.5.
(c) Replacement of Lenders. Within thirty (30) days after: (i) receipt by Agent of notice and demand from any Lender for payment of additional costs as provided in Section 2.8(h), which demand shall not have been revoked, (ii) any Credit Party is required to pay any additional amount to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.8(a) through (h), (iii) any Lender is a Defaulted Lender, and the circumstances causing such status shall not have been cured or waived; or (iv) any failure by any Lender to consent to a requested amendment, waiver or modification to any Financing Document in which Required Lenders have already consented to such amendment, waiver or modification but the consent of each Lender, or each Lender affected thereby, is required with respect thereto (each relevant Lender in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iv) being an “Affected Lender”) each of Borrower Representative and Agent may, at its option, notify such Affected Lender and, in the case of Borrowers’ election, Agent, of such Person’s intention to obtain, at Borrowers’ expense, a replacement Lender (“Replacement Lender”) for such Lender, which Replacement Lender shall be an Eligible Assignee and, in the event the Replacement Lender is to replace an Affected Lender described in the preceding clause (iv), such Replacement Lender consents to the requested amendment, waiver or modification making the replaced Lender an Affected Lender. In the event Borrowers or Agent, as applicable, obtains a Replacement Lender within ninety (90) days following notice of its intention to do so, the Affected Lender shall sell, at par, and assign all of its Loan and funding commitments hereunder to such Replacement Lender in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 11.17(a); provided, however, that (A) Borrowers shall have reimbursed such Lender for its increased costs and additional payments for which it is entitled to reimbursement under Section 2.8(a) through (h), as applicable, of this Agreement through the date of such sale and assignment, and (B) Borrowers shall pay to Agent the $3,500 processing fee in respect of such assignment. In the event that a replaced Lender does not execute an Assignment Agreement pursuant to Section 11.17(a) within five (5) Business Days after receipt by such replaced Lender of notice of replacement pursuant to this Section 11.17(c) and presentation to such replaced Lender of an Assignment Agreement evidencing an assignment pursuant to this Section 11.17(c), such replaced Lender shall be deemed to have consented to the terms of such Assignment Agreement, and any such Assignment Agreement executed by Agent, the Replacement Lender and, to the extent required pursuant to Section 11.17(a), Credit Parties, shall be effective for purposes of this Section 11.17(c) and Section 11.17(a). Upon any such assignment and payment, such replaced Lender shall no longer constitute a “Lender” for purposes hereof, other than with respect to such rights and obligations that survive termination as set forth in Section 13.1.
(d) Credit Party Assignments. No Credit Party may assign, delegate or otherwise transfer any of its rights or other obligations hereunder or under any other Financing Document without the prior written consent of Agent and each Lender.
Section 11.18 Funding and Settlement Provisions Applicable When Non-Funding Lenders Exist. So long as Agent has not waived the conditions to the funding of Loans set forth in Section 7.2 or Section 2.1, any Lender may deliver a notice to Agent stating that such Lender shall cease making Revolving Loans or not fund any tranche of the Term Loan, as applicable, due to the non-satisfaction of one or more conditions to funding Loans set forth in Section 7.2 or Section 2.1, and specifying any such non-satisfied conditions. Any Lender delivering any such notice shall become a non-funding Lender (a “Non-Funding Lender”) for purposes of this Agreement commencing on the Business Day following receipt by Agent of such notice, and shall cease to be a Non-Funding Lender on the date on which such Lender has either revoked the effectiveness of such notice or acknowledged in writing to each of Agent the satisfaction of the
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condition(s) specified in such notice, or Required Lenders waive the conditions to the funding of such Loans giving rise to such notice by Non-Funding Lender. Each Non-Funding Lender shall remain a Lender for purposes of this Agreement to the extent that such Non-Funding Lender has Revolving Loan Outstanding in excess of Zero Dollars ($0) or Term Loans outstanding in excess of Zero Dollars ($0); provided, however, that during any period of time that any Non-Funding Lender exists, and notwithstanding any provision to the contrary set forth herein, the following provisions shall apply:
(a) For purposes of determining the Pro Rata Share of each Lender under clauses (a) and (b) of the definition of such term, each Non-Funding Lender shall be deemed to have a Revolving Loan Commitment Amount and Term Loan Commitment Amount as in effect immediately before such Lender became a Non-Funding Lender.
(b) Except as provided in clause (a) above, the Revolving Loan Commitment Amount and Term Loan Commitment Amount of each Non-Funding Lender shall be deemed to be Zero Dollars ($0).
(c) The Revolving Loan Commitment at any date of determination during such period shall be deemed to be equal to the sum of (i) the aggregate Revolving Loan Commitment Amounts of all Lenders, other than the Non-Funding Lenders as of such date plus (ii) the aggregate Revolving Loan Outstandings of all Non-Funding Lenders as of such date.
(d) The Term Loan Commitment at any date of determination during such period shall be deemed to be equal to the sum of (i) the aggregate Term Loan Commitment Amounts of all Lenders, other than the Non-Funding Lenders as of such date plus (ii) the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Term Loans of all Non-Funding Lenders as of such date.
(e) Agent shall have no right to make or disburse Revolving Loans for the account of any Non-Funding Lender pursuant to Section 2.1(b)(i) to pay interest, fees, expenses and other charges of any Credit Party.
(f) To the extent that Agent applies proceeds of Collateral or other payments received by Agent to repayment of Revolving Loans or Term Loans pursuant to Section 10.7, such payments and proceeds shall be applied first in respect of Revolving Loans or Term Loans made at the time any Non-Funding Lenders exist, and second in respect of all other outstanding Revolving Loans or Term Loans, as applicable.
Article 12 – Guaranty
Section 12.1 Guaranty. Each Guarantor hereby unconditionally guarantees, as a primary obligor and not merely as a surety, jointly and severally with each other Guarantor when and as due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, by notice of prepayment or otherwise, the due and punctual performance of all of the Obligations, including payment in full of the principal, accrued but unpaid interest and all other amounts due and owing to the Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders under the Loans and (b) indemnifies each Lender immediately on demand against any cost, loss or liability suffered by such Lender if any obligations guaranteed by it are or become unenforceable, invalid, voided, avoid or illegal, the amount of which such cost, loss or liability shall be equal to the amount which such Lender would otherwise be entitled to recover. Each payment made by any Guarantor pursuant to this Article 12 shall be made in lawful money of the United States in immediately available funds. Each Guarantor hereby acknowledges and agrees that it is an Affiliate of a Borrower or other interested party and will derive significant economic benefit from the Loans.
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Section 12.2 Payment of Amounts Owed. The Guarantee hereunder is an absolute, unconditional and continuing guarantee of the full and punctual payment and performance of all of the Obligations and not of their collectability only and is in no way conditioned upon any requirement that the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender first attempt to collect any of the Obligations from any Borrower or resort to any collateral security or other means of obtaining payment. In the event of any default by Borrowers in the payment of the Obligations, after the expiration of any applicable cure or grace period, each Guarantor agrees, on demand by Agent (which demand may be made concurrently with notice to Borrowers that the Borrowers are in default of their obligations), to pay the Obligations, regardless of any defense, right of set-off or recoupment or claims which any Borrower or Guarantor may have against Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders or the holder of the Notes. All of the remedies set forth in this Agreement, in any other Financing Document or at law or equity shall be equally available to Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders, and the choice by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders of one such alternative over another shall not be subject to question or challenge by any Guarantor or any other person, nor shall any such choice be asserted as a defense, setoff, recoupment or failure to mitigate damages in any action, proceeding, or counteraction by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders to recover or seeking any other remedy under this Guarantee, nor shall such choice preclude Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders from subsequently electing to exercise a different remedy.
Section 12.3 Certain Waivers by Guarantor. To the fullest extent permitted by law, each Guarantor does hereby: (a)
(a) waive notice of acceptance of this Agreement by Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders and any and all notices and demands of every kind which may be required to be given by any statute, rule or law;
(b) agree to refrain from asserting, until after repayment in full of the Obligations, any defense, right of set-off, right of recoupment or other claim which such Guarantor may have against any Borrower;
(c) waive any defense, right of set-off, right of recoupment or other claim which such Guarantor may have against Agent, Term Loan Servicer, Lenders or the holder of the Notes;
(d) waive any and all rights such Guarantor may have under any anti-deficiency statute or other similar protections;
(e) waive all rights at law or in equity to seek subrogation, contribution, indemnification or any other form of reimbursement or repayment from any Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other person or entity now or hereafter primarily or secondarily liable for any of the Obligations until the Obligations have been paid in full;
(f) waive presentment for payment, demand for payment, notice of nonpayment or dishonor, protest and notice of protest, diligence in collection and any and all formalities which otherwise might be legally required to charge such Guarantor with liability;
(g) waive the benefit of all appraisement, valuation, marshalling, forbearance, stay, extension, redemption, homestead, exemption and moratorium laws now or hereafter in effect;
(h) waive any defense based on the incapacity, lack of authority, death or disability of any other person or entity or the failure of Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders to file or enforce a claim against the estate of any other person or entity in any administrative, bankruptcy or other proceeding;
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(i) waive any defense based on an election of remedies by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders, whether or not such election may affect in any way the recourse, subrogation or other rights of such Guarantor against any Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other person in connection with the Obligations;
(j) waive any defense based on the failure of the Agent or Lenders to (i) provide notice to such Guarantor of a sale or other disposition of any of the security for any of the Obligations, or (ii) conduct such a sale or disposition in a commercially reasonable manner;
(k) waive any defense based on the negligence of Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders in administering this Agreement or the other Financing Documents (including, but not limited to, the failure to perfect any security interest in any Collateral), or taking or failing to take any action in connection therewith, provided, however, that such waiver shall not apply to the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders, as determined by the final, non-appealable decision of a court having proper jurisdiction;
(l) waive the defense of expiration of any statute of limitations affecting the liability of such Guarantor hereunder or the enforcement hereof;
(m) waive any right to file any Claim (as defined below) as part of, and any right to request consolidation of any action or proceeding relating to a Claim with, any action or proceeding filed or maintained by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders to collect any Obligations of such Guarantor to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders hereunder or to exercise any rights or remedies available to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders under the Financing Documents, at law, in equity or otherwise;
(n) agree that neither Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor Lenders shall have any obligation to obtain, perfect or retain a security interest in any property to secure any of the Obligations (including any mortgage or security interest contemplated by the Financing Documents), or to protect or insure any such property;
(o) waive any obligation Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders may have to disclose to such Guarantor any facts the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders now or hereafter may know or have reasonably available to it regarding the Borrowers or Borrowers’ financial condition, whether or not the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders have a reasonable opportunity to communicate such facts or have reason to believe that any such facts are unknown to such Guarantor or materially increase the risk to such Guarantor beyond the risk such Guarantor intends to assume hereunder;
(p) agree that neither Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor Lenders shall be liable in any way for any decrease in the value or marketability of any property securing any of the Obligations which may result from any action or omission of the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders in enforcing any part of this Agreement;
(q) waive any defense based on any invalidity, irregularity or unenforceability, in whole or in part, of any one or more of the Financing Documents;
(r) waive any defense based on any change in the composition of Borrowers, and
(s) waive any defense based on any representations and warranties made by such Guarantor herein or by any Borrower herein or in any of the Financing Documents.
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For purposes of this section, the term “Claim” shall mean any claim, action or cause of action, defense, counterclaim, set-off or right of recoupment of any kind or nature against the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders, its officers, directors, employees, agents, members, actuaries, accountants, trustees or attorneys, or any affiliate of the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders in connection with the making, closing, administration, collection or enforcement by the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders of the Obligations.
Section 12.4 Guarantor’s Obligations Not Affected by Modifications of Financing Documents. Each Guarantor further agrees that such Guarantor’s liability as guarantor shall not be impaired or affected by any renewals or extensions which may be made from time to time, with or without the knowledge or consent of Guarantor for the time for payment of interest or principal or by any forbearance or delay in collecting interest or principal hereunder, or by any waiver by Agent or Lenders under this Agreement or any other Financing Documents, or by Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s or Lenders’ failure or election not to pursue any other remedies it may have against any Borrower or Guarantor, or by any change or modification in the Notes, this Agreement or any other Financing Document, or by the acceptance by Agent or Lenders of any additional security or any increase, substitution or change therein, or by the release by Agent or Lenders of any security or any withdrawal thereof or decrease therein, or by the application of payments received from any source to the payment of any obligation other than the Obligations even though Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders might lawfully have elected to apply such payments to any part or all of the Obligations, it being the intent hereof that, subject to Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s or Lenders’ compliance with the terms of this Article 12 and the Financing Documents, each Guarantor shall remain liable for the payment of the Obligations, until the Obligations have been paid in full, notwithstanding any act or thing which might otherwise operate as a legal or equitable discharge of a surety. Each Guarantor further understands and agrees that Agent or Lenders may at any time enter into agreements with Borrowers to amend, modify and/or increase the principal amount of, interest rate applicable to or other economic and non-economic terms of this Agreement or the other Financing Documents, and may waive or release any provision or provisions of this Agreement or the other Financing Documents, and, with reference to such instruments, may make and enter into any such agreement or agreements as Agent, Lenders and Borrowers may deem proper and desirable, without in any manner impairing this Guarantee or any of Agent’s, Term Loan Servicer’s or Lenders’ rights hereunder or each Guarantor’s obligations hereunder, and each Guarantor’s obligations hereunder shall apply to the this Agreement and other Financing Documents as so amended, modified, extended, renewed or increased.
Section 12.5 Reinstatement; Deficiency. This guaranty shall continue to be effective or be reinstated (as the case may be) if at any time payment of all or any part of any sum payable pursuant to this Agreement or any other Financing Document is rescinded or otherwise required to be returned by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders upon the insolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution, liquidation, or reorganization of any Borrower, or upon or as a result of the appointment of a receiver, intervenor, custodian or conservator of or trustee or similar officer for, any Borrower or any substantial part of its property, or otherwise, all as though such payment to Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders had not been made, regardless of whether Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders contested the order requiring the return of such payment. In the event of the foreclosure of the Financing Documents and of a deficiency, each Guarantor hereby promises and agrees forthwith to pay the amount of such deficiency notwithstanding the fact that recovery of said deficiency against Borrowers would not be allowed by applicable law; however, the foregoing shall not be deemed to require that Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders institute foreclosure proceedings or otherwise resort to or exhaust any other collateral or security prior to or concurrently with enforcing this guaranty.
Section 12.6 Subordination of Borrowers’ Obligations to Guarantors; Claims in Bankruptcy.
(a) Any indebtedness of any Borrower to any Guarantor (including, but not limited to, any right of such Guarantor to a return of any capital contributed to a Borrower), whether now or hereafter existing, is hereby subordinated to the payment of the Obligations. Each Guarantor agrees that, until the
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Obligations have been paid in full, such Guarantor will not seek, accept, or retain for its own account, any payment from any Borrower on account of such subordinated debt. Any payments to any Guarantor on account of such subordinated debt shall be collected and received by such Guarantor in trust for Agent and Lenders and shall be immediately paid over to Agent, for the benefit of Agent and Lenders, on account of the Obligations without impairing or releasing the obligations of such Guarantor hereunder.
(b) Each Guarantor shall promptly file in any bankruptcy or other proceeding in which the filing of claims is required by law, all claims and proofs of claims that such Guarantor may have against any Borrower or any other Guarantor and does hereby assign to Agent or its nominee (and will, upon request of Agent, reconfirm in writing the assignment to Agent or its nominee of) all rights of such Guarantor under such claims. If such Guarantor does not file any such claim, Agent, as attorney‑in‑fact for such Guarantor, is hereby irrevocably authorized to do so in the name of such Guarantor, or in Agent’s discretion, to assign the claim to a designee and cause proof of claim to be filed in the name of Agent’s designee. In all such cases, whether in administration, bankruptcy or otherwise, the person or persons authorized to pay such claim shall pay to Agent, for the benefit of Agent and Lenders, the full amount thereof and, to the full extent necessary for that purpose, each Guarantor hereby assigns to the Lenders all of such Guarantor’s rights to any such payments or distributions to which such Guarantor would otherwise be entitled, such assignment being a present and irrevocable assignment of all such rights.
Section 12.7 Maximum Liability. The provisions of this Article 12 are severable, and in any action or proceeding involving any state corporate law, or any state, federal or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other law affecting the rights of creditors generally, if the obligations of any Guarantor under this Article 12 would otherwise be held or determined to be avoidable, invalid or unenforceable on account of the amount of such Guarantor’s liability under this Article 12, then, notwithstanding any other provision of this Article 12 to the contrary, the amount of such liability shall, without any further action by the Guarantors or the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender, be automatically limited and reduced to the highest amount that is valid and enforceable as determined in such action or proceeding (such highest amount determined hereunder being the relevant Guarantor’s “Maximum Liability”). This Section 12.7 with respect to the Maximum Liability of each Guarantor is intended solely to preserve the rights of the Agent, Term Loan Servicer and the Lenders to the maximum extent not subject to avoidance under applicable law, and no Guarantor nor any other Person shall have any right or claim under this Section 12.7 with respect to such Maximum Liability, except to the extent necessary so that the obligations of any Guarantor hereunder shall not be rendered voidable under applicable law. Each Guarantor agrees that the Obligations may at any time and from time to time exceed the Maximum Liability of each Guarantor without impairing this guaranty or affecting the rights and remedies of the Agent, Term Loan Servicer or the Lenders hereunder, provided that, nothing in this sentence shall be construed to increase any Guarantor’s obligations hereunder beyond its Maximum Liability.
Section 12.8 Guarantor’s Investigation. Each Guarantor acknowledges receipt of a copy of each of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents. Each Guarantor has made an independent investigation of the other Credit Parties and of the financial condition of the other Credit Parties. Neither Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor any Lender has made and neither Agent, Term Loan Servicer nor any Lender does make any representations or warranties as to the income, expense, operation, finances or any other matter or thing affecting any Credit Party nor has Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender made any representations or warranties as to the amount or nature of the Obligations of any Credit Party to which this Article 12 applies as specifically herein set forth, nor has Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender or any officer, agent or employee of Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender or any representative thereof, made any other oral representations, agreements or commitments of any kind or nature, and each Guarantor hereby expressly acknowledges that no such representations or warranties have been made and such Guarantor expressly disclaims reliance on any such representations or warranties.
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Section 12.9 Termination. The provisions of this Article 12 shall remain in effect until this Agreement has terminated pursuant to its terms and all Obligations (other than inchoate indemnity obligations for which no claim has been made and any other obligations which, by their terms, are to survive the termination of this Agreement) have been paid and satisfied in full.
Section 12.10 Representative. Each Guarantor hereby designates Borrower Representative and its representatives and agents on its behalf for the purpose of giving and receiving all notices and other consents hereunder or under any other Financing Document and taking all other actions on behalf of such Guarantor under the Financing Documents. Borrower Representative hereby accepts such appointment.
Section 12.11 Guarantor Acknowledgement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Guarantor, by its acceptance of this Guaranty, hereby confirms that it is a Subsidiary of a Borrower and each Guarantor further confirms that it will materially benefit from the Loans made hereunder and the parties hereto intend that this Guaranty not constitute a fraudulent transfer or conveyance for purposes of the Bankruptcy Law (as defined below), the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or any similar federal, state or foreign law to the extent applicable to this Guaranty. In furtherance of that intention, the liabilities of each Guarantor under this Guaranty (the “Liabilities”) shall be limited to the maximum amount that will, after giving effect to such maximum amount and all other contingent and fixed liabilities of such Guarantor that are relevant under such laws, and after giving effect to any collections from, rights to receive contribution from or payments made by or on behalf of any other Person with respect to the Liabilities, result in the Liabilities of such Guarantor under this Guaranty not constituting a fraudulent transfer or conveyance. For purposes hereof, “Bankruptcy Law” means the United States Bankruptcy Code, or any similar federal, state or foreign law for the relief of debtors. This paragraph with respect to the maximum liability of each Guarantor is intended solely to preserve the rights of the holders, to the maximum extent not subject to avoidance under applicable law, and neither a Guarantor nor any other Person shall have any right or claim under this paragraph with respect to such maximum liability, except to the extent necessary so that the obligations of a Guarantor hereunder shall not be rendered voidable under applicable law. Each Guarantor agrees that the Obligations guaranteed hereunder may at any time and from time to time exceed the maximum liability of such Guarantor without impairing this Guaranty or affecting the rights and remedies of the holders hereunder; provided that nothing in this sentence shall be construed to increase such Guarantor’s obligations hereunder beyond its maximum liability.
Article 13 - MISCELLANEOUS
Section 13.1 Survival. All agreements, representations and warranties made herein and in every other Financing Document shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Financing Documents. The provisions of Section 2.10 and Articles 11 and 13 shall survive the payment of the Obligations (both with respect to any Lender and all Lenders collectively) and any termination of this Agreement and any judgment with respect to any Obligations, including any final foreclosure judgment with respect to any Security Document, and no unpaid or unperformed, current or future, Obligations will merge into any such judgment.
Section 13.2 No Waivers. No failure or delay by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender in exercising any right, power or privilege under any Financing Document shall operate as a waiver thereof nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein and therein provided shall be cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law. Any reference in any Financing Document to the “continuing” nature of any Event of Default shall not be construed as establishing or otherwise indicating that any Borrower or any other Credit Party has the independent right to cure any such
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Event of Default, but is rather presented merely for convenience should such Event of Default be waived in accordance with the terms of the applicable Financing Documents.
Section 13.3 Notices.
(a) All notices, requests and other communications to any party hereunder shall be in writing (including prepaid overnight courier, email or similar writing) and shall be given to such party at its address or e-mail address set forth below or on the signature pages hereof (or, in the case of any such Lender who becomes a Lender after the date hereof, in an Assignment Agreement or in a notice delivered to Borrower Representative and Agent by the assignee Lender forthwith upon such assignment) or at such other address or e-mail address as such party may hereafter specify for the purpose by notice to Agent and Borrower Representative; provided, however, that notices, requests or other communications shall be permitted by electronic means only in accordance with the provisions of Section 13.3(b) and (c). Each such notice, request or other communication shall be effective (i) if given by electronic means, in accordance with the provisions of Section 13.3(b) and (c), or (ii) if given by mail, prepaid overnight courier or any other means, when received or when receipt is refused at the applicable address specified by this Section 13.3(a).
If to any Credit Party:
CeriBell, Inc., as Borrower Representative
360 N. Pastoria Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
Attn: Scott Blumberg, CFO
Email: ###
Email: ###
If to Agent or to MCF (or any of its Affiliates or Approved Funds) as a Lender:
MidCap Funding IV Trust
c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Ave, Suite 300
Bethesda, MD 20814
Attn: Account Manager for CeriBell transaction
Email: ###
With a copy to:
MidCap Funding IV Trust
c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Ave, Suite 300
Bethesda, MD 20814
Attn: Legal
Email: ###
If to Term Loan Servicer:
MidCap Financial Trust
c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Ave, Suite 300
Bethesda, MD 20814
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Attn: Account Manager for CeriBell transaction
Email: ###
With a copy to:
MidCap Financial Trust
c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer
7255 Woodmont Ave, Suite 300
Bethesda, MD 20814
Attn: Legal
Email: ###
If to any Lender other than MidCap: at the address set forth on the signature pages to this Agreement or provided as a notice address for such in connection with any assignment hereunder.
(b) Notices and other communications to the parties hereto may be delivered or furnished by electronic communication (including e-mail and Internet or intranet websites) pursuant to procedures approved from time to time by Agent, provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply to notices sent directly to any Lender if such Lender has notified Agent that it is incapable of receiving notices by electronic communication. Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Borrower Representative may, in their discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to them hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it, provided, however, that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications.
(c) Unless Agent otherwise prescribes, (i) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgment from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgment), and (ii) notices or communications posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i) of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor, provided, however, that if any such notice or other communication is not sent or posted during normal business hours, such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day.
Section 13.4 Severability. In case any provision of or obligation under this Agreement or any other Financing Document shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions or obligations, or of such provision or obligation in any other jurisdiction, shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
Section 13.5 Headings. Headings and captions used in the Financing Documents (including the Exhibits, Schedules and Annexes hereto and thereto) are included for convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect.
Section 13.6 Confidentiality.
(a) [Reserved].
(b) Agent, Term Loan Servicer and each Lender shall hold all non-public information regarding the Credit Parties and their respective businesses identified as such by Credit Parties (it being understood that any budgets, projections, operating plans and other financial information delivered pursuant to the reporting covenants of this Agreement shall be deemed to be so identified unless such
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information is already in the public domain) and obtained by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender pursuant to the requirements hereof in accordance with such Person’s customary procedures for handling information of such nature, except that disclosure of such information may be made (i) to their respective agents, employees, Subsidiaries, Affiliates, attorneys, auditors, professional consultants, rating agencies, insurance industry associations and portfolio management services (it being understood that such Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such information and be instructed to keep such information confidential), (ii) to prospective transferees or purchasers of any interest in the Loans, Agent, Term Loan Servicer or a Lender, provided, however, that any such Persons are bound by obligations of confidentiality, (iii) as required by applicable Law, subpoena, judicial order or similar order and in connection with any litigation (provided that to the extent Agent is permitted by applicable Law and by the terms of any such order, subpoena or legal or administrative order or process, Agent shall endeavor to provide Borrower Representative with prior notice of such requirement so that the Credit Parties may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy), (iv) as may be required in connection with the examination, audit or similar investigation of such Person, (v) as Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender reasonably determines is necessary or appropriate in connection with or in contemplation of the exercise of remedies under the Financing Documents during the continuance of an Event of Default, and (vi) to a Person that is a trustee, investment advisor or investment manager, collateral manager, servicer (including any Term Loan Servicer), noteholder or secured party in a Securitization (as hereinafter defined) in connection with the administration, servicing and reporting on the assets serving as collateral for such Securitization, provided that such Person is subject to obligations of confidentiality no less protective of the Credit Parties than those set forth in this Section 13.6. For the purposes of this Section, “Securitization” means (A) the pledge of the Loans as collateral security for loans to a Lender, or (B) a public or private offering by a Lender or any of its Affiliates or their respective successors and assigns, of securities which represent an interest in, or which are collateralized, in whole or in part, by the Loans. Confidential information shall include only such information identified as such at the time provided to Agent and shall not include information that either: (y) is in the public domain, or becomes part of the public domain after disclosure to such Person through no fault of such Person, or (z) is disclosed to such Person by a Person other than a Credit Party, provided, however, that Agent does not have actual knowledge that such Person is prohibited from disclosing such information. Each of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and each Lender agrees to use such confidential information solely in connection with the Financing Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby (including without limitation for purposes of administering, monitoring or enforcing its rights in respect of the Loans). The obligations of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders under this Section 13.6 shall supersede and replace the obligations of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders under any confidentiality agreement in respect of this financing executed and delivered by Agent, Term Loan Servicer or any Lender prior to the date hereof.
Section 13.7 Waiver of Consequential and Other Damages. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no Credit Party shall assert, and each Credit Party hereby waives, any claim against any Indemnitee (as defined below), on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of this Agreement, any other Financing Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, any Loan or the use of the proceeds thereof. No Indemnitee shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed by it through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems in connection with this Agreement or the other Financing Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
Section 13.8 GOVERNING LAW; SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION.
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(a) THIS AGREEMENT, EACH NOTE AND EACH OTHER FINANCING DOCUMENT, AND ALL DISPUTES AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING HERETO OR THERETO OR ARISING THEREFROM (WHETHER SOUNDING IN CONTRACT LAW, TORT LAW OR OTHERWISE), SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND SHALL BE CONSTRUED AND ENFORCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS PRINCIPLES (OTHER THAN SECTION 5-1401 OF THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW).
(b) EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY CONSENTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY STATE OR FEDERAL COURT LOCATED in the State of New York in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan, AND IRREVOCABLY AGREES THAT ALL ACTIONS OR PROCEEDINGS ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE OTHER FINANCING DOCUMENTS SHALL BE LITIGATED IN SUCH COURTS. EACH PARTY HERETO EXPRESSLY SUBMITS AND CONSENTS TO THE JURISDICTION OF THE AFORESAID COURTS AND WAIVES ANY DEFENSE OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF ANY AND ALL PROCESS AND AGREES THAT ALL SUCH SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON SUCH PARTY BY CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, ADDRESSED TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT AND SERVICE SO MADE SHALL BE COMPLETE TEN (10) DAYS AFTER THE SAME HAS BEEN POSTED.
Section 13.9 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.
(a) EACH CREDIT PARTY, AGENT, TERM LOAN SERVICER, AND THE LENDERS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE FINANCING DOCUMENTS OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED THEREBY AND AGREES THAT ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE TRIED BEFORE A COURT AND NOT BEFORE A JURY. EACH CREDIT PARTY, AGENT, TERM LOAN SERVICER, AND EACH LENDER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT THIS WAIVER IS A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT TO ENTER INTO A BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP, THAT EACH HAS RELIED ON THE WAIVER IN ENTERING INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER FINANCING DOCUMENTS, AND THAT EACH WILL CONTINUE TO RELY ON THIS WAIVER IN THEIR RELATED FUTURE DEALINGS. EACH CREDIT PARTY, AGENT, TERM LOAN SERVICER AND EACH LENDER WARRANTS AND REPRESENTS THAT IT HAS HAD THE OPPORTUNITY OF REVIEWING THIS JURY WAIVER WITH LEGAL COUNSEL, AND THAT IT KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVES ITS JURY TRIAL RIGHTS.
(b) In the event any such action or proceeding is brought or filed in any United States federal court sitting in the State of California or in any state court of the State of California, and the waiver of jury trial set forth in Section 13.9(a) hereof is determined or held to be ineffective or unenforceable, the parties agree that (i) actions or proceedings shall be resolved by reference to a private judge sitting without a jury, pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure Section 638, before a mutually acceptable referee or, if the parties cannot agree, a referee selected by the Presiding Judge of Los Angeles County, California; (ii) such referee shall hear and determine all of the issues in any action or proceeding (whether of fact or of law), including issues pertaining to a “provisional remedy” as defined in California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1281.8, including without limitation, entering restraining orders, entering temporary restraining orders, issuing temporary and permanent injunctions and appointing receivers, and shall report a statement of decision, provided that, if during the course of any dispute any party desires to seek such a “provisional remedy” but a referee has not been appointed, or is otherwise unavailable to hear the request for such provisional remedy, then such party may apply to the Los Angeles County Superior
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Court for such provisional relief; and (iii) pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure Section 644, judgment may be entered upon the decision of such referee in the same manner as if such action or proceeding had been tried directly by a court. Such proceeding shall be conducted in Los Angeles County, California, with California rules of evidence and discovery applicable to such proceeding. In the event any actions or proceedings are to be resolved by judicial reference, any party may seek from any court having jurisdiction thereover any prejudgment order, writ or other relief and have such prejudgment order, writ or other relief enforced to the fullest extent permitted by Law notwithstanding that all actions or proceedings are otherwise subject to resolution by judicial reference. Each Borrower, Agent and the Lenders further represents and warrants and represents that it has reviewed this consent and agreement with legal counsel of its own choosing, or has had an opportunity to do so, and that it knowingly and voluntarily gives this consent and enters into this Agreement having had the opportunity to consult with legal counsel. This consent and agreement is irrevocable, meaning that it may not be modified either orally or in writing, and this consent and agreement shall apply to any subsequent amendments, renewals, supplements, or modifications to this Agreement or any other agreement or document entered into between the parties in connection with this Agreement. In the event of litigation, this Agreement may be filed as evidence of either or both parties’ consent and agreement to have any and all actions and proceedings heard and determined by a referee under California Code of Civil Procedure Section 638. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties acknowledge and agree that this provision shall have no application to any non-judicial foreclosure of all or any portion of the Collateral constituting real property (whether pursuant to the provisions of the Financing Documents or applicable law).
(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, each Borrower, Agent and the Lenders understand, acknowledge and agree that (i) the provisions of Section 13.9(b) of this Agreement above shall have no application to any non-judicial foreclosure and/or private (i.e., non-judicial) sale under the California Commercial Code as to all or any portion of Collateral constituting real property whether pursuant to the provisions of the Financing Documents or applicable law; provided, however, in the event Borrower contests the same, then the provisions of Section 13.9(b) above shall apply to any actions or proceedings arising therefrom (but not the non-judicial foreclosure proceeding, which may remain pending), and (ii) the provisions of Section 13.9(b) above shall not be deemed to be a waiver by, or a limitation upon, the rights of Agent or the Lenders to proceed with a non-judicial foreclosure or private sale under said Commercial Code as a permitted remedy hereunder or under applicable law.
Section 13.10 Publication; Advertisement.
(a) Publication. Neither Credit Party nor Lender will directly or indirectly publish, disclose or otherwise use in any public disclosure, advertising material, promotional material, press release or interview, any reference to the name, logo or any trademark of the other party or any of its Affiliates or any reference to this Agreement or the financing evidenced hereby, in any case except (i) as required by Law, subpoena or judicial or similar order, in which case the applicable Credit Party shall give the other party prior written notice of such publication or other disclosure, or (ii) with the other party’s prior written consent.
(b) Advertisement. Each Lender and each Credit Party hereby authorizes MCF to publish the name of such Lender and Credit Party, the existence of the financing arrangements referenced under this Agreement, the primary purpose and/or structure of those arrangements, the amount of credit extended under each facility, the title and role of each party to this Agreement, and the total amount of the financing evidenced hereby in any “tombstone”, comparable advertisement or press release which MCF elects to submit for publication. In addition, each Lender and each Credit Party agrees that MCF may provide lending industry trade organizations with information necessary and customary for inclusion
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in league table measurements after the Closing Date. With respect to any of the foregoing, MCF shall provide Borrowers with an opportunity to review and confer with MCF regarding the contents of any such tombstone, advertisement or information, as applicable, prior to its submission for publication and, following such review period, MCF may, from time to time, publish such information in any media form desired by MCF, until such time that Borrowers shall have requested MCF cease any such further publication.
Section 13.11 Counterparts; Integration. This Agreement and the other Financing Documents may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. Signatures by facsimile or by electronic mail delivery of an electronic version of any executed signature page shall bind the parties hereto. In furtherance of the foregoing, the words “execution”, “signed”, “signature”, “delivery” and words of like import in or relating to any document to be signed in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be deemed to include Electronic Signatures, deliveries or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature, physical delivery thereof or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act, or any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act. As used herein, “Electronic Signature” means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to, or associated with, a contract or other record and adopted by a Person with the intent to sign, authenticate or accept such contract or other record. This Agreement and the other Financing Documents constitute the entire agreement and understanding among the parties hereto and supersede any and all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof.
Section 13.12 No Strict Construction. The parties hereto have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement. In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties hereto and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any provisions of this Agreement.
Section 13.13 Lender Approvals. Unless expressly provided herein to the contrary, any approval, consent, waiver or satisfaction of Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders with respect to any matter that is the subject of this Agreement, the other Financing Documents may be granted or withheld by Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders in their sole and absolute discretion and credit judgment.
Section 13.14 Expenses; Indemnity
(a) Except with respect to Indemnified Taxes, Other Taxes and Excluded Taxes, which shall be governed exclusively by Section 2.8, Credit Parties hereby agree to promptly pay (i) all reasonable costs and expenses of Agent and Term Loan Servicer (including, without limitation, the fees, costs and expenses of counsel to, and independent appraisers and consultants retained by Agent) in connection with the examination, review, due diligence investigation, documentation, negotiation, closing and syndication of the transactions contemplated by the Financing Documents, in connection with the performance by Agent or Term Loan Servicer of its rights and remedies under the Financing Documents and in connection with the continued administration of the Financing Documents including (A) any amendments, modifications, consents and waivers to and/or under any and all Financing Documents, and (B) any periodic public record searches conducted by or at the request of Agent (including, without limitation, title investigations, UCC searches, fixture filing searches, judgment, pending litigation and tax lien searches and searches of applicable corporate, limited liability, partnership and related records concerning the continued existence, organization and good standing of certain
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Persons); (ii) without limitation of the preceding clause (i), all reasonable costs and expenses of Agent in connection with the creation, perfection and maintenance of Liens pursuant to the Financing Documents other than disputes solely among Lenders and/or Agent (other than any claims against such person in its capacity or in fulfilling its role as Agent, arranger or any similar role hereunder) to the extent such disputes do not arise from any act or omission of any Credit Party or of any Affiliate of a Credit Party; (iii) without limitation of the preceding clause (i), all costs and expenses of Agent and/or Term Loan Servicer in connection with (A) protecting, storing, insuring, handling, maintaining or selling any Collateral, (B) any litigation, dispute, suit or proceeding relating to any Financing Document, and (C) any workout, collection, bankruptcy, insolvency and other enforcement proceedings under any and all of the Financing Documents; (iv) without limitation of the preceding clause (i), all reasonable costs and expenses of Agent in connection with Agent’s reservation of funds in anticipation of the funding of the initial Loans to be made hereunder; and (v) all costs and expenses incurred by Lenders in connection with any litigation, dispute, suit or proceeding relating to any Financing Document, other than disputes solely among Lenders and/or Agent and/or Term Loan Servicer (other than any claims against such person in its capacity or in fulfilling its role as Agent, Term Loan Servicer, arranger or any similar role hereunder) to the extent such disputes do not arise from any act or omission of any Credit Party or of any Affiliate of a Credit Party, and in connection with any workout, collection, bankruptcy, insolvency and other enforcement proceedings under any and all Financing Documents, whether or not Agent, Term Loan Servicer or Lenders are a party thereto.
(b) Each Credit Party hereby agrees to indemnify, pay and hold harmless Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders and the officers, directors, employees, trustees, agents, investment advisors and investment managers, collateral managers, servicers, and counsel of Agent, Term Loan Servicer and Lenders (collectively called the “Indemnitees”) from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, claims, costs, expenses and disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever (including the documented out-of-pocket fees and disbursements of counsel for such Indemnitee) in connection with any investigative, response, remedial, administrative or judicial matter or proceeding, whether or not such Indemnitee shall be designated a party thereto and including any such proceeding initiated by or on behalf of a Credit Party, and the reasonable expenses of investigation by engineers, environmental consultants and similar technical personnel and any commission, fee or compensation claimed by any broker (other than any broker retained by Agent or Lenders) asserting any right to payment for the transactions contemplated hereby, which may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against such Indemnitee as a result of or in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby or by the other Financing Documents (including (i)(A) as a direct or indirect result of the presence on or under, or escape, seepage, leakage, spillage, discharge, emission or release from, any property now or previously owned, leased or operated by a Credit Party, any Subsidiary or any other Person of any Hazardous Materials, (B) arising out of or relating to the offsite disposal of any materials generated or present on any such property, or (C) arising out of or resulting from the environmental condition of any such property or the applicability of any governmental requirements relating to Hazardous Materials, whether or not occasioned wholly or in part by any condition, accident or event caused by any act or omission of a Credit Party or any Subsidiary, and (ii) proposed and actual extensions of credit under this Agreement) and the use or intended use of the proceeds of the Loans, except that Credit Parties shall have no obligation hereunder to an Indemnitee with respect to any liability resulting from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee, as determined by a final non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction. To the extent that the undertaking set forth in the immediately preceding sentence may be unenforceable, Credit Parties shall contribute the maximum portion which it is permitted to pay and satisfy under applicable Law to the payment and satisfaction of all such indemnified liabilities incurred by the Indemnitees or any of them. This Section 13.14(b) shall not apply with respect to Taxes other than any Taxes that represent liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, claims etc. arising from any non-Tax claim.
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(c) Notwithstanding any contrary provision in this Agreement, the obligations of Credit Parties under this Section 13.14 shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of this Agreement. NO INDEMNITEE SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO THE CREDIT PARTIES OR TO ANY OTHER PARTY TO ANY FINANCING DOCUMENT, ANY SUCCESSOR, ASSIGNEE OR THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARY OR ANY OTHER PERSON ASSERTING CLAIMS DERIVATIVELY THROUGH SUCH PARTY, FOR INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHICH MAY BE ALLEGED AS A RESULT OF CREDIT HAVING BEEN EXTENDED, SUSPENDED OR TERMINATED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER FINANCING DOCUMENT OR AS A RESULT OF ANY OTHER TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREUNDER OR THEREUNDER.
(d) Each Borrower for itself and all endorsers, guarantors and sureties and their heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns, hereby further specifically waives any rights that it may have under Section 1542 of the California Civil Code (to the extent applicable), which provides as follows: “A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR,” and further waives any similar rights under applicable Laws.
Section 13.15 reserved.
Section 13.16 Reinstatement. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and continue to be effective should any petition or other proceeding be filed by or against any Credit Party for liquidation or reorganization, should any Credit Party become insolvent or make an assignment for the benefit of any creditor or creditors or should an interim receiver, receiver, receiver and manager or trustee be appointed for all or any significant part of any Credit Party’s assets, and shall continue to be effective or to be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time payment and performance of the Obligations, or any part thereof, is, pursuant to applicable law, rescinded or reduced in amount, or must otherwise be restored or returned by any obligee of the Obligations, whether as a fraudulent preference reviewable transaction or otherwise, all as though such payment or performance had not been made. In the event that any payment, or any part thereof, is rescinded, reduced, restored or returned, the Obligations shall be reinstated and deemed reduced only by such amount paid and not so rescinded, reduced, restored or returned.
Section 13.17 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Credit Parties and Agent, Term Loan Servicer and each Lender and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
Section 13.18 USA PATRIOT Act Notification. Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any Lender), Term Loan Servicer (for itself and not on behalf of any Lender), and each Lender hereby notifies Credit Parties that pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act, it is required to obtain, verify and record certain information and documentation that identifies Credit Parties, which information includes the name and address of the Credit Parties and such other information that will allow Agent, Term Loan Servicer, or such Lender, as applicable, to identify Credit Parties in accordance with the USA PATRIOT Act.
Section 13.19 Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of Affected Financial Institutions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Financing Document or in any other agreement, arrangement or understanding among any such parties, each party hereto acknowledges that any liability of any Affected Financial Institution arising under any Financing Document, to the extent such liability is
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unsecured, may be subject to the Write-Down and Conversion Powers of the applicable Resolution Authority and agrees and consents to, and acknowledges and agrees to be bound by:
(a) the application of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable Resolution Authority to any such liabilities arising hereunder which may be payable to it by any party hereto that is an Affected Financial Institution; and
(b) the effects of any Bail-In Action on any such liability, including, if applicable:
(i) a reduction in full or in part or cancellation of any such liability;
(ii) a conversion of all, or a portion of, such liability into shares or other instruments of ownership in such Affected Financial Institution, its parent undertaking, or a bridge institution that may be issued to it or otherwise conferred on it, and that such shares or other instruments of ownership will be accepted by it in lieu of any rights with respect to any such liability under this Agreement or any other Financing Document; or
(iii) the variation of the terms of such liability in connection with the exercise of the Write-Down and Conversion Powers of the applicable Resolution Authority.
Section 13.20 Erroneous Payments.
(a) Each Lender and any other party hereto hereby severally agrees that if (i) the Agent or Term Loan Servicer notifies (which such notice shall be conclusive absent manifest error) such Lender (or the Lender which is an Affiliate of a Lender) or any other Person that has received funds from the Agent, the Term Loan Servicer or any of their Affiliates, either for its own account or on behalf of a Lender (each such recipient, a “Payment Recipient”) that the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, has determined in its sole discretion that any funds received by such Payment Recipient were erroneously transmitted to, or otherwise erroneously or mistakenly received by, such Payment Recipient (whether or not known to such Payment Recipient) or (ii) any Payment Recipient receives any payment from the Agent or Term Loan Servicer (or any of their Affiliates) (x) that is in a different amount than, or on a different date from, that specified in a notice of payment, prepayment or repayment sent by the Agent or the Term Loan Servicer (or any of their Affiliates) with respect to such payment, prepayment or repayment, as applicable, (y) that was not preceded or accompanied by a notice of payment, prepayment or repayment sent by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer (or any of their Affiliates) with respect to such payment, prepayment or repayment, as applicable, or (z) that such Payment Recipient otherwise becomes aware was transmitted or received in error or by mistake (in whole or in part) then, in each case, an error in payment shall be presumed to have been made (any such amounts specified in clauses (i) or (ii) of this Section 13.20(a), whether received as a payment, prepayment or repayment of principal, interest, fees, distribution or otherwise; individually and collectively, an “Erroneous Payment”), then, in each case, such Payment Recipient is deemed to have knowledge of such error at the time of its receipt of such Erroneous Payment; provided that nothing in this Section shall require the Agent or Term Loan Servicer to provide any of the notices specified in clauses (i) or (ii) above. Each Payment Recipient agrees that it shall not assert any right or claim to any Erroneous Payment, and hereby waives any claim, counterclaim, defense or right of set-off or recoupment with respect to any demand, claim or counterclaim by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, for the return of any Erroneous Payments, including without limitation waiver of any defense based on “discharge for value” or any similar doctrine.
(b) Without limiting the immediately preceding clause (a), each Payment Recipient agrees that, in the case of clause (a)(ii) above, it shall promptly notify the Agent and Term Loan Servicer in writing of such occurrence.
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(c) In the case of either clause (a)(i) or (a)(ii) above, such Erroneous Payment shall at all times remain the property of the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, and shall be segregated by the Payment Recipient and held in trust for the benefit of the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, and upon demand from the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, such Payment Recipient shall (or, shall cause any Person who received any portion of an Erroneous Payment on its behalf to), promptly, but in all events no later than one Business Day thereafter, return to the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, the amount of any such Erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) as to which such a demand was made in same day funds and in the currency so received, together with interest thereon in respect of each day from and including the date such Erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) was received by such Payment Recipient to the date such amount is repaid to the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, at the greater of the Federal Funds Rate and a rate determined by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation from time to time in effect.
(d) In the event that an Erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) is not recovered by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer for any reason, after demand therefor by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, in accordance with immediately preceding clause (c), from any Lender that is a Payment Recipient or an Affiliate of a Payment Recipient (such unrecovered amount as to such Lender, an “Erroneous Payment Return Deficiency”), then at the sole discretion of the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, and upon the Agent’s or Term Loan Servicer’s, as applicable, written notice to such Lender (i) such Lender shall be deemed to have made a cashless assignment of the full face amount of the portion of its Loans (but not its Term Loan Commitment Amount or Revolving Loan Commitment Amount, as applicable) with respect to which such Erroneous Payment was made (the “Erroneous Payment Impacted Loans”) to the Agent or Term Loan Servicer or, at the option of the Agent or Term Loan Servicer (as applicable), the Agent’s or Term Loan Servicer’s applicable lending affiliate (such assignee, the “Agent Assignee”) in an amount that is equal to the Erroneous Payment Return Deficiency (or such lesser amount as the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may specify) (such assignment of the Loans (but not its Term Loan Commitment Amount or Revolving Loan Commitment Amount, as applicable) of the Erroneous Payment Impacted Loans, the “Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment”) plus any accrued and unpaid interest on such assigned amount, without further consent or approval of any party hereto and without any payment by the Agent Assignee as the assignee of such Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment. Without limitation of its rights hereunder, following the effectiveness of the Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment, the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, may make a cashless reassignment to the applicable assigning Lender of any Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment at any time by written notice to the applicable assigning Lender and upon such reassignment all of the Loans assigned pursuant to such Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment shall be reassigned to such Lender without any requirement for payment or other consideration. The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that (1) any assignment contemplated in this clause (d) shall be made without any requirement for any payment or other consideration paid by the applicable assignee or received by the assignor, (2) the provisions of this clause (d) shall govern in the event of any conflict with the terms and conditions of Section 11.17 and (3) the Agent may reflect such assignments in the Register without further consent or action by any other Person.
(e) Each party hereto hereby agrees that (x) in the event an Erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) is not recovered from any Payment Recipient that has received such Erroneous Payment (or portion thereof) for any reason, the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable (1) shall be subrogated to all the rights of such Payment Recipient and (2) is authorized to set off, net and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Payment Recipient under any Financing Document, or otherwise payable or distributable by the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, to such Payment Recipient from any source, against any amount due to the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, under this Section 13.20 or under the indemnification provisions of this Agreement, (y) the receipt of an Erroneous
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Payment by a Payment Recipient shall not for the purpose of this Agreement be treated as a payment, prepayment, repayment, discharge or other satisfaction of any Obligations owed by the Borrower or any other Credit Party, except, in each case, to the extent such Erroneous Payment is, and solely with respect to the amount of such Erroneous Payment that is, comprised of funds received by the Agent or the Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, from the Borrower or any other Credit Party for the purpose of making for a payment on the Obligations and (z) to the extent that an Erroneous Payment was in any way or at any time credited as payment or satisfaction of any of the Obligations, the Obligations or any part thereof that were so credited, and all rights of the Payment Recipient, as the case may be, shall be reinstated and continue in full force and effect as if such payment or satisfaction had never been received.
(f) Each party’s obligations under this Section 13.20 shall survive the resignation or replacement of the Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, or any transfer of right or obligations by, or the replacement of, a Lender, the termination of the Term Loan Commitments, the Revolving Loan Commitments or the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all Obligations (or any portion thereof) under any Financing Document.
The provisions of this Section 13.20 to the contrary notwithstanding, (i) nothing in this Section 13.20 will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from any Payment Recipient’s receipt of an Erroneous Payment and (ii) there will only be deemed to be a recovery of the Erroneous Payment to the extent that Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, has received payment from the Payment Recipient in immediately available funds the Erroneous Payment Return Deficiency, whether directly from the Payment Recipient, as a result of the exercise by Agent or Term Loan Servicer, as applicable, of its rights of subrogation or set off as set forth above in clause (e) or as a result of the receipt by Agent Assignee of a payment of the outstanding principal balance of the Loans assigned to Agent Assignee pursuant to an Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment, but excluding any other amounts in respect thereof (it being agreed that any payments of interest, fees, expenses or other amounts (other than principal) received by Agent Assignee in respect of the Loans assigned to Agent Assignee pursuant to an Erroneous Payment Deficiency Assignment shall be the sole property of the Agent Assignee and shall not constitute a recovery of the Erroneous Payment).
[SIGNATURES APPEAR ON FOLLOWING PAGE(S)]
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/s/ Scott Blumberg
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, intending to be legally bound, each of the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the day and year first above mentioned.
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BORROWERS: |
CERIBELL, INC. By: ______________________________ Name: Scott Blumberg Title: Chief Financial Officer |
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/s/ Maurice Amsellem

/s/ Maurice Amsellem

/s/ Maurice Amsellem
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AGENT: |
MIDCAP FUNDING IV TRUST By: Apollo Capital Management, L.P., its investment manager By: Apollo Capital Management GP, LLC, its general partner By: ________________________________ Name: Maurice Amsellem Title: Authorized Signatory Address: c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer 7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 300 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Attn: Account Manager for CeriBell transaction E-mail: ### with a copy to: c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer 7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 300 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Attn: General Counsel E-mail: ### |
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/s/ Maurice Amsellem
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TERM LOAN SERVICER: |
MIDCAP FINANCIAL TRUST By: Apollo Capital Management, L.P., its investment manager By: Apollo Capital Management GP, LLC, its general partner By: ________________________________ Name: Maurice Amsellem Title: Authorized Signatory Address: c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer 7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 300 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Attn: Account Manager for CeriBell transaction E-mail: ### with a copy to: c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer 7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 300 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Attn: General Counsel E-mail: ### |
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LENDER: |
MIDCAP FINANCIAL TRUST By: Apollo Capital Management, L.P., its investment manager By: Apollo Capital Management GP, LLC, its general partner By: /s/ Maurice Amsellem Name: Maurice Amsellem Title: Authorized Signatory Address: c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer 7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 300 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Attn: Account Manager for CeriBell transaction E-mail: ### with a copy to: c/o MidCap Financial Services, LLC, as servicer 7255 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 300 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Attn: General Counsel E-mail: ### |
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ANNEXES, EXHIBITS AND SCHEDULES
ANNEXES
Annex A Commitment Annex
EXHIBITS
Exhibit A [Reserved]
Exhibit B Form of Compliance Certificate
Exhibit C Borrowing Base Certificate
Exhibit D Form of Notice of Borrowing
Exhibit E-1 Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate
Exhibit E-2 Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate
Exhibit E-3 Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate
Exhibit E-4 Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate
Exhibit F Closing Checklist
Exhibit G Form of Assignment Agreement
SCHEDULES
Schedule 1.1 Payment Account
Schedule 3.1 Existence, Organizational ID Numbers, Foreign Qualification, Prior Names
Schedule 3.4 Capitalization
Schedule 3.6 Litigation
Schedule 3.17 Material Contracts
Schedule 3.18 Environmental Compliance
Schedule 3.19 Intellectual Property
Schedule 4.9 Litigation, Governmental Proceedings and Other Notice Events
Schedule 4.17 Products; Regulatory Required Permits
Schedule 5.1 Debt; Contingent Obligations
Schedule 5.2 Liens;
Schedule 5.7 Permitted Investments
Schedule 5.8 Affiliate Transactions
Schedule 5.11 Business Description
Schedule 5.14 Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts
Schedule 7.4 Post-Closing Obligations
Schedule 9.1 Collateral
Schedule 9.1(A) Pledged Collateral
Schedule 9.2(b) Location of Collateral
Schedule 9.2(d) Chattel Paper, Letter of Credit Rights, Commercial Tort Claims, Instruments, Documents, Investment Property
Annex A to Credit Agreement (Commitment Annex)
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Lender |
Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Amount |
Term Loan Tranche 1 Commitment Percentage |
Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Amount |
Term Loan Tranche 2 Commitment Percentage |
MidCap Financial Trust |
$30,000,000 |
100% |
$25,000,000 |
100% |
TOTALS |
$30,000,000 |
100% |
$25,000,000 |
100% |
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Lender |
Revolving Loan Commitment Amount |
Revolving Loan Commitment Percentage |
MidCap Financial Trust |
$20,000,000 |
100% |
TOTALS |
$20,000,000 |
100% |
EX-10.2
CERIBELL, INC.
NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION PROGRAM
(as amended and restated effective as of June 2, 2026)
This CeriBell, Inc. (the “Company”) Non-Employee Director Compensation Program (this “Program”) has been adopted under the Company’s 2024 Incentive Award Plan (the “Plan”). Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein have the meaning ascribed in the Plan.
This Program, as amended and restated, is effective as of June 2, 2026 (the “Effective Date”) and shall remain in effect until amended, modified or terminated by the Board of Directors (the “Board”).
Cash Compensation
Annual retainers will be paid in the following amounts to Non-Employee Directors:
Board Service
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Non-Employee Director: |
$45,000 |
Additional Board Service
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Non-Executive Chairperson (if applicable): |
$45,000 |
Additional Committee Service
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Chair |
Non-Chair |
Audit Committee Member |
$20,000 |
$10,000 |
Compensation Committee Member |
$15,000 |
$7,500 |
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Member |
$10,000 |
$5,000 |
All annual retainers will be paid in cash quarterly in arrears promptly following the end of the applicable calendar quarter, but in no event more than 30 days after the end of such quarter. If a Non-Employee Director does not serve as a Non-Employee Director, or in the applicable positions described above, for an entire calendar quarter, the retainer paid to such Non-Employee Director will be prorated for the portion of such calendar quarter actually served as a Non-Employee Director, or in such position, as applicable.
Election to Receive Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) In Lieu of Annual Retainers
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General: |
The Board or its Compensation Committee (the “Compensation Committee”) may, in its discretion, provide Non-Employee Directors with the opportunity to elect to convert all or a portion |
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of their annual retainers into awards of RSUs (“Retainer RSU Awards”) granted under the Plan or any other applicable Company equity incentive plan then-maintained by the Company, with each such Retainer RSU Award covering a number of shares of Common Stock calculated by dividing (i) the amount of the annual retainer that would have otherwise been paid to such Non-Employee Director on the applicable grant date by (ii) the average per share closing trading price of the Common Stock over the most recent 30 trading days as of the grant date (such election, a “Retainer RSU Election”). Each Retainer RSU Award automatically will be granted on the fifth day of the month immediately following the end of the quarter for which the corresponding portion of the annual retainer was earned. Each Retainer RSU Award will be fully vested on the grant date. |
Election Method: |
Each Retainer RSU Election must be submitted to the Company in the form and manner specified by the Board or the Compensation Committee. An individual who fails to make a timely Retainer RSU Election will not receive a Retainer RSU Award and instead will receive the applicable annual retainer in cash. Retainer RSU Elections must comply with the following timing requirements: ●Initial Election. Each individual who first becomes a Non-Employee Director may make a Retainer RSU Election with respect to annual retainer payments scheduled to be paid in the same calendar year as such individual first becomes a Non-Employee Director (the “Initial Retainer RSU Election”). The Initial Retainer RSU Election must be submitted to the Company on or before the date that the individual first becomes a Non-Employee Director (the “Initial Election Deadline”), and the Initial Retainer RSU Election will become final and irrevocable as of the Initial Election Deadline. ●Annual Election. No later than December 31 of each calendar year, or such other deadline as may be established by the Board or the Compensation Committee, in its discretion (the “Annual Election Deadline”), each individual who is a Non-Employee Director as of immediately before the Annual Election Deadline may make a Retainer RSU Election with respect to the annual retainer relating to services to be performed in the following calendar year (the “Annual Retainer RSU Election”). The Annual Retainer RSU Election must be submitted to the Company on or before the applicable |
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Annual Election Deadline and will become effective and irrevocable as of the Annual Election Deadline. |
Equity Compensation
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Initial RSU Award: |
Unless otherwise approved by the Board prior to commencement of services of an applicable Non-Employee Director, each Non-Employee Director who is initially elected or appointed to serve on the Board will be granted an award of RSUs under the Plan or any other applicable Company equity incentive plan then-maintained by the Company covering a number of shares of Common Stock calculated by dividing (i) $300,000 by (ii) the average per share closing trading price of the Common Stock over the most recent 30 trading days as of the grant date (the “Initial RSU Award”). The Initial RSU Award will be automatically granted on the date on which such Non-Employee Director commences service on the Board, and will vest as to one-third of the shares subject thereto on each anniversary of the applicable grant date such that the shares subject to the Initial RSU Award are fully vested on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject to the Non-Employee Director continuing in service on the Board through each such vesting date. |
Annual RSU Award: |
Each Non-Employee Director who (i) has been serving on the Board as of each annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders (each, an “Annual Meeting”) for at least six months prior to the Annual Meeting and (ii) will continue to serve as a Non-Employee Director immediately following such Annual Meeting, will be granted an award of RSUs under the Plan or any other applicable Company equity incentive plan then-maintained by the Company covering a number of shares of Common Stock calculated by dividing (i) $155,000 (applicable to the Annual Meeting occurring after the Effective Date) by (ii) the average per share closing trading price of the Common Stock over the most recent 30 trading days as of the grant date (the “Annual RSU Award”). The Annual RSU Award will be automatically granted on the date of the applicable Annual Meeting, and will vest in full on the earlier of (i) the first anniversary of the grant date and (ii) immediately before the Annual Meeting following the grant date, subject to the Non-Employee Director continuing in service on the Board through such vesting date. |
Election to Defer Issuances |
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General: |
Each Non-Employee Director shall have the opportunity to defer the issuance of the shares underlying RSUs granted under this Program (including, for clarity, Retainer RSUs, Initial RSU Awards, and Annual RSU Awards) that would otherwise be issued to the Non-Employee Director in connection with the vesting or grant of the RSUs (including, for clarity, the Retainer RSU Awards, Initial RSU Awards, and Annual RSU Awards) until the earliest of a fixed date properly elected by the Non-Employee Director, the Non-Employee Director’s Termination of Service or a Change in Control. Any such deferral election (“Deferral Election”) shall be subject to such rules, conditions and procedures as shall be determined by the Board or the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, which rules, conditions and procedures shall at all times comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, unless otherwise specifically determined by the Board or the Compensation Committee. If an individual elects to defer the delivery of the shares underlying RSUs granted under this Program, settlement of the deferred RSUs shall be made in accordance with the terms of the Deferral Election. |
Election Method: |
Each Deferral Election must be submitted to the Company in the form and manner specified by the Board or the Compensation Committee. Deferral Elections must comply with the following timing requirements: ●Initial Deferral Election. Each individual who first becomes a Non-Employee Director may make a Deferral Election with respect to the Non-Employee Director’s RSUs to be granted in the same calendar year as such individual first becomes a Non-Employee Director (the “Initial Deferral Election”). The Initial Deferral Election must be submitted to the Company on or before the Initial Election Deadline, and the Initial Deferral Election shall become final and irrevocable as of the Initial Election Deadline. ●Annual Deferral Election. No later than the Annual Election Deadline, each individual who is a Non-Employee Director as of immediately before the Annual Election Deadline may make a Deferral Election with respect to the RSUs to be granted in the following calendar year (the “Annual Deferral Election”). The Annual Deferral Election must be submitted to the Company on or before the applicable Annual Election Deadline and shall become final and irrevocable for the subsequent calendar year as of the applicable Annual Election Deadline. |
No portion of an Initial RSU Award or Annual RSU Award which is unvested at the time of a Non-Employee Director’s termination of service on the Board will become vested and exercisable thereafter.
Change in Control
Immediately prior to a Change in Control of the Company, all outstanding equity awards granted under the Plan and any other equity incentive plan maintained by the Company that are held by a Non-Employee Director will become fully vested and/or exercisable, irrespective of any other provisions of the Non-Employee Director’s Award Agreement.
Certain Terminations
Directors who are Employees who subsequently terminate their employment with the Company and any Subsidiary and remain a Director will not receive an Initial RSU Award, but to the extent that they are otherwise eligible, will be eligible to receive, after termination from employment with the Company and any Subsidiary, Annual RSU Awards as described above.
Reimbursements
The Company shall reimburse each Non-Employee Director for all reasonable, documented, out-of-pocket travel and other business expenses incurred by such Non-Employee Director in the performance of such Non-Employee Director’s duties to the Company in accordance with the Company’s applicable expense reimbursement policies and procedures as in effect from time to time.
Miscellaneous
All provisions of the Plan will apply to the RSUs granted automatically under this Program, except to the extent such other provisions are inconsistent with this Program. All applicable terms of the Plan apply to this Program as if fully set forth herein, and all grants of RSUs hereby are subject in all respects to the terms of the Plan, including, without limitation, the limits on Non-Employee Director compensation set forth in Section 5.5 of the Plan. The grant of RSUs under this Program will be made solely by and subject to the terms set forth in an Award Agreement in a form to be approved by the Board and duly executed by an executive officer of the Company.
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EX-31.1
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Xingjuan (Jane) Chao, Ph.D., certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CeriBell, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
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Date: August 10, 2026 |
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By: |
/s/ Xingjuan (Jane) Chao, Ph.D. |
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Xingjuan (Jane) Chao, Ph.D. |
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President and Chief Executive Officer |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
EX-31.2
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Scott Blumberg, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CeriBell, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
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Date: August 10, 2026 |
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By: |
/s/ Scott Blumberg |
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Scott Blumberg |
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Chief Financial Officer |
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(Principal Financial Officer) |
EX-32.1
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of CeriBell, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2026 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.
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Date: August 10, 2026 |
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By: |
/s/ Xingjuan (Jane) Chao, Ph.D. |
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Xingjuan (Jane) Chao, Ph.D. |
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President and Chief Executive Officer |
EX-32.2
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of CeriBell, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2026 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.
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Date: August 10, 2026 |
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By: |
/s/ Scott Blumberg |
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Scott Blumberg |
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Chief Financial Officer |